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1.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos ; 29(2): 361-377, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35674617

RESUMO

The article analyzes the role played by the National Astronomical Observatory (Observatorio Astronómico Nacional) in the territorial expansion of Chile at the end of the nineteenth century, through the relationship with three geographical explorations associated with this process. It is proposed that the Observatory played a central role in these geographic explorations, helping to obtain precise geographic coordinates to produce accurate maps of the territories annexed to the north and south of Chile. The results allow us to affirm that the National Astronomical Observatory provided strategic services during territorial expansion, and geography was an important part of its institutional scientific work.


El artículo analiza el rol que jugó el Observatorio Astronómico Nacional en la expansión territorial de Chile a fines del siglo XIX, a través de la relación que sostuvo con tres exploraciones geográficas asociadas a este proceso. Se propone que el Observatorio cumplió un papel central para estas exploraciones geográficas, ayudando a obtener coordenadas geográficas precisas en pos de producir mapas exactos de los territorios anexados al norte y sur de Chile. Los resultados permiten afirmar que el Observatorio Astronómico Nacional fue una institución que prestó servicios estratégicos durante la expansión territorial y, a su vez, que la geografía fue parte importante de sus trabajos científicos institucionales.


Assuntos
Astronomia , Astronomia/história , Chile , Geografia
2.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 29(2): 361-377, abr.-jun. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385071

RESUMO

Resumen El artículo analiza el rol que jugó el Observatorio Astronómico Nacional en la expansión territorial de Chile a fines del siglo XIX, a través de la relación que sostuvo con tres exploraciones geográficas asociadas a este proceso. Se propone que el Observatorio cumplió un papel central para estas exploraciones geográficas, ayudando a obtener coordenadas geográficas precisas en pos de producir mapas exactos de los territorios anexados al norte y sur de Chile. Los resultados permiten afirmar que el Observatorio Astronómico Nacional fue una institución que prestó servicios estratégicos durante la expansión territorial y, a su vez, que la geografía fue parte importante de sus trabajos científicos institucionales.


Abstract The article analyzes the role played by the National Astronomical Observatory (Observatorio Astronómico Nacional) in the territorial expansion of Chile at the end of the nineteenth century, through the relationship with three geographical explorations associated with this process. It is proposed that the Observatory played a central role in these geographic explorations, helping to obtain precise geographic coordinates to produce accurate maps of the territories annexed to the north and south of Chile. The results allow us to affirm that the National Astronomical Observatory provided strategic services during territorial expansion, and geography was an important part of its institutional scientific work.


Assuntos
Astronomia , Ciência/história , Voo Espacial , Geografia , Chile , História do Século XIX
3.
Asclepio ; 72(1): 0-0, ene.-jun. 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-195648

RESUMO

El artículo analiza una controversia pública sobre el estado de los principales instrumentos del Observatorio Astronómico Nacional de Chile a fines del siglo XIX, las labores de reparación y mantención de estos y la producción científica de la institución. En la controversia participaron una amplia gama de actores, entre los que se encuentran miembros del Congreso Nacional, ministros de Estado, astrónomos, mecánicos y arquitectos. Este caso permite examinar la estrecha vinculación entre la esfera política y la tecnocientífica, evidenciándose en la administración, financiamiento, evaluación y fiscalización del quehacer del observatorio astronómico. Acá podemos observar cómo el cuestionamiento sobre la calidad científica, como el estado de los instrumentos de la institución, enfrentó no solo los juicios, sino la autoridad de quienes los emitían. Por otro lado, esta controversia permite observar cómo la necesidad de crear tecnologías asociadas y adaptar los instrumentos astronómicos dio un protagonismo a mecánicos, ingenieros y arquitectos, actores muchas veces invisibles en comparación con los astrónomos


This paper analyses a public controversy about the state of the main instruments at the National Astronomical Observatory of Chile at the end of the 19th century, the repair and the maintenance work of these tools and the scientific production of this institution. The controversy involved a wide range of actors, including members of the National Congress, ministers of State, astronomers, mechanics and architects. This case examines the close link between the political and the techno-scientific spheres, evidenced in the administration, financing, evaluation and oversight of the work of the observatory. We can observe how the questioning of scientific quality, such as the state of the instruments of the institution, faced not only the judgments, but also the authority of those who issued. Also, this controversy allows us to observe how the need to create associated technologies and adapt astronomical instruments gave prominence to mechanics, engineers and architects, actors often invisible in comparison to astronomers


Assuntos
Humanos , Astronomia/instrumentação , Telescópios , Políticas , Tecnologia/instrumentação , Chile
4.
Dynamis (Granada) ; 37(1): 111-131, 2017. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-160915

RESUMO

This article is a case study of the scientific discussions on the birth of a zoological species that eventually came to be known as Arctocephalus philippii (Peters, 1866). It also examines the movement of the remains of a sea lion specimen from Chile to Germany and the discussions that arose in regard to its taxonomic definition. The paper argues that the material properties of this mobilized specimen, the circumstances of how it was hunted, transported and stored at the different museums, as well as the material aspects that later allowed it to be compared and analyzed, influenced the international debates on its classification between naturalists in England, Germany, Chile and Argentina. The first part reconstructs the context of sea lion’s capture, transportation and transformation, while the second examines the discussion around this particular specimen - a controversy hinged partly upon the issue of the conditions in which it was graphically reproduced and preserved at the museum (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , História do Século XIX , Fóruns de Discussão , História Natural/classificação , História Natural/história , Ciência/história , História Natural/instrumentação , História Natural/métodos , Museus/história , Otárias , Conhecimento , Ciências Sociais/métodos , Mamíferos/anatomia & histologia
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