RESUMO
Background: The rapid spread of SARS-COV-2, characterized by its severe course in the absence of effective specific treatment for this infection, may become a significant risk factor for psycho-emotional disorders' emergence during this pandemic. One of the vulnerable groups in the current situation are first-year medical students, whose problems associated with an unfavorable sanitary-epidemiological situation and an increased infection risk are compounded by the difficulties of adapting to specific professional environments. In this situation, along with strict adherence to nonspecific prevention methods, the mass student SARS-COV-2 vaccination acquires particular importance. Objective: To compare the attitudes of first-year medical students in Russia and Azerbaijan toward SARS-COV-2 immunization and to assess the vaccination impact on the student's psycho-emotional state during the SARS-COV-2 pandemic. Materials and Methods: The study involved 594 first-year students at the Moscow and Baku branches of Sechenov University. The Google Forms platform was used to conduct an anonymous sociological survey. To compare the psychoemotional state of vaccinated freshmen and non-vaccinated students, we used the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI, to assess reactive anxiety and the Beck Depression Inventory test - to diagnose depressive symptoms. The online survey was conducted during the fourth wave of coronavirus infection. WHO official sources were used to analyze the current epidemiological SARS-COV-2 situation during the study data provided by the Russian Federal Service on Customers' Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance and JHU CSSE. Statistical analysis was carried out using RStudio. Results: The study results showed that vaccination coverage of first-year students at the Moscow branch of Sechenov University during the fourth wave of the SARS-COV-2 pandemic was 42,9±5,13%, at the Baku branch - 69,6±5,86%. The lack of reliable information about anticovid vaccines, indicated by a third of all respondents, may largely determine the motivated participation in the vaccination SARS-COV-2 campaign. The role of medical school in imparting knowledge about active SARS-COV-2 immunization to medical students was found to be insignificant. It was shown that the percentage of students willing to recommend SARS-COV-2 vaccination to the people around them and thereby contribute to increasing collective immunity level significantly depends on the percentage of students vaccinated. It was proved that vaccinated students were characterized by significantly greater psychological stability regardless of their study place. Conclusion: Vaccination is not only a good preventive measure against the infection spread but also a significant factor in stabilizing the psycho-emotional state of first-year students, which significantly affects the quality of their educational process and its effectiveness.
RESUMO
The gut microbiota are known to play an important role in maintaining the body's homeostasis and increasing its immunoresistance. Their role has not been well defined in the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pathogenetic relationship between gut microbiota, immunological reactivity disruption and microbiota pathologies with the new coronavirus infection's course in order to substantiate the use of current drugs correcting gut microbiota during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Electronic databases of WHO Infection Control, Global Health, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, CDC infection diseases database, Google Academy, "Scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.RU", MEDLINE, CyberLeninka, Embase, PubMed-NCBI, RSCI, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were used for this analytical research. RESULTS: The research results showed normal gut microbiota as one of the important components of a multilevel immune defense system. The intestinal microbiota support the notion of initial activation and readiness in order to induce a quick response to the invasion of pathogens, including RNA viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2. Current research suggests that the intestinal microbiota play an important role in the pathogenesis and predetermination of disease severity in COVID-19. By producing essential metabolites and neutralizing toxic substrates, symbionts regulate the functioning of all organs and systems, maintaining the body's homeostasis and immunological responses. Intestinal microbiota disorders determine the postvaccination anti-COVID immunity's efficacy, specifically the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of this infection. This is done by stimulating a local intestinal immune response via secretory immunoglobulins and the acquired immunity of the microbiome. The high prevalence of dysbiosis within the populous indicates the necessity of regular gut microbiota biocorrection during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Our systematic review of current biopreparations correcting gut microbiota provides a valuable reference to the practicing clinicians to quickly specify and develop a wide variety of medicines, assess their capabilities, and choose the optimal treatment for patients at risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSION: Current data support the notion that gut microflora biocorrection may help increase population immunity and preserve public health during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
