Is the SenseWear Armband accurate enough to quantify and estimate energy expenditure in healthy adults?

BACKGROUND: The SenseWear Armband (SWA) is a monitor that can be used to estimate energy expenditure (EE); however, it has not been validated in healthy adults. The objective of this paper was to study the validity of the SWA for quantifying EE levels. METHODS: Twenty-three healthy adults (age 40-55 years, mean: 48±3.42 years) performed different types of standardized physical activity (PA) for 10 minutes (rest, walking at 3 and 5 km·h-1, running at 7 and 9 km·h-1, and sitting/standing at a rate of 30 cycle·min-1). Participants wore the SWA on their right arm, and their EE was measured by indirect calorimetry (IC) the gold standard. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the SWA and IC, except in the group that ran at 9 km·h-1 (>9 METs). Bland-Altman analysis showed a BIAS of 1.56 METs (±1.83 METs) and limits of agreement (LOA) at 95% of -2.03 to 5.16 METs. There were indications of heteroscedasticity (R2 =0.03; P<0.05). Analysis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that the SWA seems to be not sensitive enough to estimate the level of EE at highest intensities. CONCLUSIONS: The SWA is not as precise in estimating EE as IC, but it could be a useful tool to determine levels of EE at low intensities.

Effect of 8 months of whole-body vibration training on quality of life in elderly women.

Whole-body vibration (WBV) training in elderly may improve muscle strength, muscle power and postural control. However, knowledge about the effect of WBV training in elderly on measures of health as a multidimensional construct (health-related quality of life, HRQoL) is scarce. The present study aimed to determine the effects of WBV training on HRQoL in elderly women. A total of 37 women (aged 82.4 ± 5.7 years) were recruited and were assigned to either the WBV group or to the control (CON) group. After 8 months of training, the WBV group showed non-significant changes on HRQoL and additional health-related outcomes (fall risk, life satisfaction or cognitive status). Our findings are in disagreement with previous studies of shorter duration (6 weeks), which reported positive significant changes in HRQoL in elderly people. Discrepancies among studies may be partly attributed to methodological differences, but the existence of publication bias in previous studies cannot be discarded.

[Not Available]. / GT1M, GT3X and ActiTrainer counts comparison during standardized activities in young, adults and older adults.

OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to compare the vertical counts registered by GT1M, GT3X and ActiTrainer. METHODS: Treadmill activities, repeated sit-stands and rest were completed by 31 young, 31 adults and 35 older adults while wearing the accelerometers (GT1M, GT3X and ActiTrainer) on their right hips. Independent sample t-test analyses were performed to determine differences between counts in each age group and activities along with the Bland & Altman analysis to determine the degree of agreement. In order to determine the correction factor for the ActiTrainer counts, the linear regression forward analysis was used to minimize differences with the GT3X and the GT1M counts. RESULTS: Differences among ActiTrainer, GT1M, and GT3X were revealed in all activities except in rest. The counts for ActiTrainer were significantly lower than those of GT3X and GT1M. The correction factor for ActiTrainer with GT1M (GT1M counts = 3185.564 + 649.647; *ActiTrainer counts - 36.163; *weight [kg] - 7.545 *age [years] r = 0.864; r2 = 0.746; r2 corrected = 0.745; SEE = 1451) and GT3X (GT3X counts = 3501.977 + 705.662 *ActiTrainer counts - 40.523 *weight [kg] - 11.864 *age [years] r = 0.901; r2 = 0.812; r2 corrected = 0.811; SEE = 310.160) reduced these differences. CONCLUSION: The GT1M and GT3X vertical counts may be compared. However, a correction factor to decrease differences to compare ActiTrainer counts with those of GT1M or GT3X counts must be applied.

GT1M, GT3X and ActiTrainer counts comparison during standardized activities in young, adults and older adults / Comparación de los actígrafos GT1M, GT3X y Actitrainer durante diversas actividades estandarizadas en jóvenes, adultos y adultos mayores

Objective: The present study aims to compare the vertical counts registered by GT1M, GT3X and ActiTrainer. Methods: Treadmill activities, repeated sit-stands and rest were completed by 31 young, 31 adults and 35 older adults while wearing the accelerometers (GT1M, GT3X and ActiTrainer) on their right hips. Independent sample t-test analyses were performed to determine differences between counts in each age group and activities along with the Bland & Altman analysis to determine the degree of agreement. In order to determine the correction factor for the ActiTrainer counts, the linear regression forward analysis was used to minimize differences with the GT3X and the GT1M counts. Results: Differences among ActiTrainer, GT1M, and GT3X were revealed in all activities except in rest. The counts for ActiTrainer were signifi cantly lower than those of GT3X and GT1M. The correction factor for ActiTrainer with GT1M (GT1M counts = 3185.564 + 649.647; *ActiTrainer counts - 36.163; *weight [kg] - 7.545 *age [years] r = 0.864; r2 = 0.746; r2 corrected = 0.745; SEE = 1451) and GT3X (GT3X counts = 3501.977 + 705.662 *ActiTrainer counts - 40.523 *weight [kg] - 11.864 *age [years] r = 0.901; r2 = 0.812; r2 corrected = 0.811; SEE = 310.160) reduced these differences. Conclusion: The GT1M and GT3X vertical counts may be compared. However, a correction factor to decrease differences to compare ActiTrainer counts with those of GT1M or GT3X counts must be applied (AU)

Objetivo: el presente estudio tiene como objetivo comparar los counts verticales registrados por los actígrafos GT1M, GT3X y ActiTrainer durante diversas actividades físicas estandarizadas y en reposo. Métodos: participaron 31 jóvenes, 31 adultos y 35 adultos mayores, quienes llevaron puesto el acelerómetro en la cadera derecha. Se realizó un análisis de muestras independientes (t-test) para determinar las diferencias entre los counts de cada grupo según edad y actividad física realizada (caminar, correr, sentarse y levantarse, reposo). Además, se llevó a cabo el análisis de Bland y Altman para determinar el grado de concordancia. Con el fin de determinar el factor de corrección para los recuentos ActiTrainer, se utilizó el análisis de regresión lineal para reducir al mínimo las diferencias con los counts de los actígrafos GT3X y GT1M. Resultados: las diferencias entre ActiTrainer, GT1M y GT3X se manifestaron en todas las actividades, excepto en reposo. Los counts de ActiTrainer fueron significativamente más bajos que los de GT3X y GT1M. El factor de corrección para ActiTrainer con GT1M (GT1M counts = 3185.564 + 649.647; *ActiTrainer counts - 36.163; *peso [kg] - 7,545; *edad [años] r = 0,864; r2 = 0,746; r2 corregido = 0,745; SEE = 1451) y con GT3X (GT3X counts = 3501.977 + 705.662; *ActiTrainer counts - 40.523; *peso [kg] - 11,864; *edad [años] r = 0,901; r2 = 0,812; r2 corregida = 0,811; SEE = 310.160). Conclusión: los counts verticales de GT1M y GT3X son comparables, sin embargo, debería aplicarse un factor de corrección para disminuir las diferencias de los counts entre ActiTrainer y los actígrafos GT1M y GT3X (AU)

Effects of Eight Months of Whole-Body Vibration Training on the Muscle Mass and Functional Capacity of Elderly Women.

Few intervention studies have used whole-body vibration (WBV) training in the elderly, and there is inconclusive evidence about its health benefits. We examined the effect of 8 months of WBV training on muscle mass and functional capacity in elderly women. A total of 37 women (aged 82.4 ± 5.7 years) voluntarily participated in this study. Subjects were randomly assigned to a vibration group (n = 19) or a control group (n = 18). The vibration group trained on a vertical vibration platform twice a week. The control group was requested not to change their habitual lifestyle. The quadriceps femoris muscle cross-sectional area was determined by magnetic resonance imaging. All participants were evaluated by a battery of tests (Senior Fitness Test) to determine their functional capacity, as well as handgrip strength and balance/gait. General linear repeated-measure analysis of variance (group by time) was performed to examine the effect of the intervention on the outcomes variables. After 8 months, nonstatistically significant differences in the quadriceps CSA (pre-training: 8,516.16 ± 1,271.78 mm² and post-training: 8,671.63 ± 1,389.03 mm²) (p > 0.05) were found in the WBV group (Cohen's d: -0.12), whereas the CON group significantly decreased muscle mass (pre-training: 9,756.18 ± 1,420.07 mm² and post-training: 9,326.82 ± 1,577.53 mm²), with moderate effect size evident (Cohen's d: 0.29). In both groups, no changes were observed in the functional capacity, handgrip strength and balance/gait. The WBV training could prevent the loss of quadriceps CSA in elderly women.

Effects of eight months of whole body vibration training on hip bone mass in older women / Efecto de 8 meses de entrenamiento en plataforma de vibraciones sobre la masa ósea de cadera en mujeres mayores

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of 8 months of whole-body vibration training on bone mass in octogenarian women. Method: Thirty-seven women (aged 82.4 [SD=5.7] years) voluntarily participated in this study. The vibration group (n=19) trained on a vibration platform twice a week (20 Hz and 2 mm) whereas controls (n=18) did not participate in any training program. Bone mass was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the hip region. General linear repeated measures ANOVA (group by time) was used to examine the effect of whole body vibration on bone mass changes. Results: After the intervention, in all the hip regions (total hip, femoral neck, trochanter, intertrochanter, Ward’s area), no statistically significant changes in bone mass were found. Conclusion: Eight months of whole body vibration training (twice a week) in elderly women do not produce osteogenic effects (AU)

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar el efecto de 8 meses de entrenamiento vibratorio sobre la masa ósea en mujeres octogenarias. Métodos: 37 mujeres (edad 82.4 [SD=5.7] años) participaron voluntariamente de este estudio. El grupo de intervención (n=19) entrenó sobre la plataforma vibratoria 2 veces por semana (20 Hz and 2 mm), mientras que el grupo control (n=18) no participó de ningún programa de entrenamiento. La masa ósea de la cadera fue medida mediante radioabsorciometría de doble energía (DEXA). El test de ANOVA de medidas repetidas fue utilizado para determinar el efecto de la intervención sobre los cambios de masa ósea, así como los cambios intragrupo a lo largo del período de intervención. Resultados: Después de la intervención, no se encontraron cambios estadísticamente significativos en la masa ósea en ninguna de las regiones de la cadera (total de cadera, cuello de femur, trocánter, intertrocanterea, area de Ward). Conclusiones: Nuestra intervención basada en la aplicación exclusiva de entrenamiento vibratorio de cuerpo entero (2 veces a la semana) en mujeres octogenarias no produce efectos osteogénicos en la región de la cadera (AU)

Effects of eight months of whole body vibration training on hip bone mass in older women.

OBJECTIVE: the aim of this study was to examine the effect of 8 months of whole-body vibration training on bone mass in octogenarian women. METHOD: Thirty-seven women (aged 82.4 [SD=5.7] years) voluntarily participated in this study. The vibration group (n=19) trained on a vibration platform twice a week (20 Hz and 2 mm) whereas controls (n=18) did not participate in any training program. Bone mass was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the hip region. General linear repeated measures ANOVA (group by time) was used to examine the effect of whole body vibration on bone mass changes. RESULTS: After the intervention, in all the hip regions (total hip, femoral neck, trochanter, intertrochanter, Ward's area), no statistically significant changes in bone mass were found. CONCLUSION: eight months of whole body vibration training (twice a week) in elderly women do not produce osteogenic effects.

Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue examinar el efecto de 8 meses de entrenamiento vibratorio sobre la masa ósea en mujeres octogenarias. Métodos: 37 mujeres (edad 82.4 [SD=5.7] años) participaron voluntariamente de este estudio. El grupo de intervención (n=19) entrenó sobre la plataforma vibratoria 2 veces por semana (20 Hz and 2 mm), mientras que el grupo control (n=18) no participó de ningún programa de entrenamiento. La masa ósea de la cadera fue medida mediante el absorciometría fotónica dual de rayos X. El test de ANOVA de medidas repetidas fue utilizado para determinar el efecto de la intervención sobre los cambios de masa ósea, así como los cambios intra-grupo a lo largo del período de intervención. Resultados: Después de la intervención, no fueron encontrados cambios estadísticamente significativos en la masa ósea en ninguna de las regiones de la cadera (total de cadera, cuello de femur, trocánter, intertrocanterea, area de Ward). Conclusiones: Nuestra intervención basada en la aplicación exclusiva de entrenamiento vibratorio de cuerpo entero (2 veces a la semana) en mujeres octogenarias no produce efectos osteogénicos en la región de la cadera.

Whole-body vibration increases upper and lower body muscle activity in older adults: potential use of vibration accessories.

The current study examined the effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) on upper and lower body muscle activity during static muscle contractions (squat and bicep curls). The use of WBV accessories such as hand straps attached to the platform and a soft surface mat were also evaluated. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was measured for the medial gastrocnemius (MG), vastus lateralis (VL), and biceps brachii (BB) muscles in fourteen healthy older adults (74.8±4.5 years; mean±SD) with a WBV stimulus at an acceleration of 40 m s(-2) (30 Hz High, 2.5 mm or 46 Hz Low, 1.1 mm). WBV increased lower body (VL and MG) sEMG vs baseline (no WBV) though this was decreased with the use of the soft mat. The addition of the bicep curl with hand straps had no effect on lower body sEMG. WBV also increased BB sEMG vs baseline which was further increased when using the hand straps. There was no upper body effect of the soft mat. This study demonstrates WBV increases both lower and upper body muscle activity in healthy older adults. Moreover, WBV accessories such as hand straps attached to the platform or a soft surface mat may be used to alter exercise intensity.

Reliability and Validity of the OMNI-Vibration Exercise Scale of Perceived Exertion.

UNLABELLED: This study examined reliability and concurrent validity of the newly developed OMNI-vibration exercise scale (OMNI-VIBRO) to measure Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) during vibration exercise in twenty recreationally active students (12 males and 8 females). The criterion variables were muscle activity of the Vastus Medialis (VM), Vastus Lateralis (VL), Biceps Femoris (BF), and Medial Gastrocnemius (MG) muscles, as well as accelerations (12.5, 20.2, 30.9, 36.3, 60.1, and 88.4 m·s(-2)). RPE was registered during the final of each 30 s condition. Each participant attended two laboratory testing sessions. Positive linear regression coefficients (p < 0.001) were found between RPE (OMNI-VIBRO) and acceleration (r = 0.976) and muscle activity of lower-body muscles (r = 0.942). Between session (test-retest), reliability of RPE (OMNI-VIBRO) was good (ICC: 0.790. 95% CI: 0.699-0.854). CONCLUSIONS: findings provided concurrent validation of the OMNI-VIBRO to measure RPE for the active muscle and overall body in recreationally active students performing lower-body vibration exercise. Key pointsThe pictorial-verbal category scale of perception of exertion (OMNI-VIBRO) during lower body vibration exercise on a vibration platform showed good concurrent validity.The OMNI-VIBRO method in conjunction with WBV exercise would allow coaches, fitness professionals, or health-care personnel to assess the intensity that corresponds to the level of the vibratory stimulus.The OMNI-VIBRO could be a useful tool of measuring the different intensities of a vibratory-training session and altering the vibratory stimulus in a periodized fashion.

A comparison of training intensity between whole-body vibration and conventional squat exercise.

The aim of this study was to investigate surface electromyographic activity (sEMG) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) during semi-squat exercise on vibration platform compared with semi-squat exercise performed on a Smith machine. Twenty-three recreationally active students (15 males and 8 females) were exposed to six different loads in one of both exercise modes: vibration or Smith machine. The subject performed a squat in six experimental conditions; the load differed per experimental condition. For each subject the exercise mode (n=2) and the different loads per mode (n=6) were assigned in a random order to check the influence of vibration magnitude (acceleration: ms(-2)) as well as weight (kg) on sEMG and RPE. Two-way ANOVA for RPE, lumbar and lower-body sEMG revealed a significant weight main effect (P<0.01) and a significant acceleration main effect (P<0.01). The results from this study demonstrate that the training stimulus resulting from an isometric semi-squat exercise on a vibration platform (acceleration: from 12 to 89 ms(-2)) is similar to the training stimulus of an isometric semi-squat exercise on Smith machine (weight: from 20 to 70 kg) according to lower-body sEMG and RPE. However, the impact of semi-squat on vibration platform exercise for lumbar muscle is relatively small compared with semi-squat on Smith machine.

Efectos musculoesqueléticos del entrenamiento con vibraciones en ancianos / Muculoskeletal effects of vibration training in the elderly

El uso de las plataformas vibratorias se va extendiendo progresivamente en centros geriátricos para el entrenamiento de las personas mayores. Los estudios centrados en los efectos del entrenamiento con vibraciones en personas mayores recomiendan este modo de ejercicio como una alternativa terapéutica para la prevención y/o mejora de la osteoporosis y sarcopenia a pesar de que todavía hoy no están bien definidos los mecanismos fisiológicos involucrados en las respuestas adaptativas de la exposición a la vibración ni los parámetros de vibración más indicados para alcanzar los máximos beneficios. En este artículo se hace una revisión de los principales estudios realizados con personas mayores centrados en los efectos de las vibraciones sobre el sistema musculoesquelético(AU)

A vibration platform is increasingly being used in geriatric centers for exercise in older people. Studies centered on the effects of vibration training recommend this exercise mode as a therapeutic alternative for prevention and/or improvement of osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Nowadays, neither the physiological mechanisms involved on adaptive responses of exposure to vibration are not well defined nor the parameters of vibration more indicated to maximizing the benefits. This paper presents a review of the main studies centered on the effects of vibration training on the musculoskeletal system(AU)

[Musculoskeletal effects of vibration training in the elderly]. / Efectos musculoesqueléticos del entrenamiento con vibraciones en ancianos.

A vibration platform is increasingly being used in geriatric centers for exercise in older people. Studies centered on the effects of vibration training recommend this exercise mode as a therapeutic alternative for prevention and/or improvement of osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Nowadays, neither the physiological mechanisms involved on adaptive responses of exposure to vibration are not well defined nor the parameters of vibration more indicated to maximizing the benefits. This paper presents a review of the main studies centered on the effects of vibration training on the musculoskeletal system.