RESUMO
Most orofacial infections are of odontogenic origin, and are of a self-limiting nature, characterized by spontaneous drainage. The causal bacteria are generally saprophytes. On the other hand, invasive dental interventions give rise to transient bacteremia. When an oral lesion is contaminated by extrinsic bacteria, the required antibiotic treatment should be provided as soon as possible. In the case of pulpitis, such treatment is usually not indicated if the infection only reaches the pulp tissue or the immediately adjacent tissues. In the event of dental avulsion, local antibiotic application is advised, in addition to the provision of systemic antibiotics. The dental professional must know the severity of the infection and the general condition of the child in order to decide referral to a medical center. Prophylaxis is required in all immunocompromised patients, as well as in individuals with cardiac problems associated with endocarditis, vascular catheters or prostheses. Penicillin V associated to clavulanic acid and administered via the oral route is known to be effective against odontogenic infections. In the case of allergies to penicillin, an alternative drug is clindamycin. Most acute infections are resolved within 3-7 days. In recent years, the tendency is to reduce general antibiotic use for preventive or therapeutic purposes.
Assuntos
Antibioticoprofilaxia , Infecções Bacterianas/etiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/prevenção & controle , Doenças da Boca/microbiologia , Doenças da Boca/prevenção & controle , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Bucais/efeitos adversos , Criança , HumanosRESUMO
La mayoría de las infecciones orofaciales tienen un origen odontogénico, son autolimitantes y drenan espontáneamente.Las bacterias que causan estas infecciones son generalmente saprofitas. Además los procedimientos odontológicos invasivos dan lugar a una bacteriemia transitoria.Cuando una lesión oral se contamina por una bacteria extrínseca deben administrarse la pauta antibiótica indicada, tan pronto como sea posible. En caso de pulpitis no suele estar indicado si la infección alcanza sólo al tejido pulpar o los tejidos inmediatamente adyacentes. En caso de dientes avulsionados, se aplicará antibiótico local junto con la administraciónde antibióticos sistémicos.El profesional debe conocer la severidad de la infección y el estado general del niño para considerar derivarlo al centro médico.En los pacientes cuyo sistema inmune está comprometido debe realizarse profilaxis siempre. Así como en los pacientes con problemas cardiacos asociados con endocarditis o catéteres vasculares o dispositivos protésicos.Los antibióticos administrados oralmente, efectivos ante infecciones odontogénicas es la Penicilina V asociada al ácido clavulánico. En caso de alergias, una alternativa, es la clindamicina. La mayoría de las infecciones agudas se resuelven en 3-7 días.En los últimos años, se tiende a reducir el uso general de antibióticos con propósitos preventivos o terapéuticos
Most orofacial infections are of odontogenic origin, and are of a self-limiting nature, characterized by spontaneous drainage. The causal bacteria are generally saprophytes. On the other hand, invasive dental interventions give rise to transient bacteremia.When an oral lesion is contaminated by extrinsic bacteria, the required antibiotic treatment should be provided as soon as possible. In the case of pulpitis, such treatment is usually not indicated if the infection only reaches the pulp tissue or the immediately adjacent tissues. In the event of dental avulsion, local antibiotic application is advised, in addition to the provision of systemic antibiotics.The dental professional must know the severity of the infection and the general condition of the child in order to decide referral to a medical center.Prophylaxis is required in all immunocompromised patients, as well as in individuals with cardiac problems associated with endocarditis, vascular catheters or prostheses
