Enfermagem e higienização no gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos de saúde / Nursing and hygienization in the management of solid health waste / Enfermería e higienización en la gestión de residuos sólidos sanitarios

Objetivo: analisar o conhecimento dos profissionais da equipe de Enfermagem e de higienização sobre o manejo dos resíduos sólidos dos serviços de saúde. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, exploratório. Utilizaram-se para a coleta de dados dois questionários, um para a equipe de Enfermagem com 53 integrantes e outro para a equipe de limpeza com 21 integrantes, abordando questões pertinentes a cada categoria profissional. Calcularam-se as frequências relativas e absolutas das respostas para fins de mensuração e comparação. Resultados: observou-se, um nível de acertos alto de ambos os grupos entrevistados, que pode estar associado ao fato de a instituição manter, no seu Plano de Gerenciamento de Resíduos de Saúde, um programa de educação continuada, independentemente do tipo de vínculo empregatício dos trabalhadores. Conclusão: conclui-se que o conhecimento dos profissionais envolvidos sobre a prática correta do gerenciamento de resíduos de saúde demonstrou-se satisfatório e aqui destacamse os profissionais de limpeza, por vezes, negligenciados. Pontua-se que não se pode negar o impacto desse trabalho conjunto nos custos da instituição, na saúde dos trabalhadores e na preservação do meio ambiente.(AU)

Objective: to analyze the knowledge of the Nursing and Cleaning team professionals on the management of solid waste from health services. Method: It is a quantitative, descriptive, exploratory study. Two questionnaires were used for data collection, one for the 53-member nursing team and the other for the 21-member cleaning team, addressing issues relevant to each professional category. The relative and absolute frequencies of the answers were calculated for measurement and comparison purposes. Results: It was observed a high level of success of both groups interviewed, which may be associated to the fact that the institution maintains, in its Health Waste Management Plan, a program of continuous education, regardless of the type of employment relationship of the workers. Conclusion: The conclusion is that the knowledge of the professionals involved about the correct practice of health waste management has proved to be satisfactory and here cleaning professionals are sometimes neglected. It is pointed out that one cannot deny the impact of this joint work on the institution's costs, on the workers' health and on the environment's preservation.(AU)

Objetivo: analizar el conocimiento de los profesionales del equipo de Enfermería e higienización sobre el manejo de residuos sólidos de los servicios de salud. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, exploratorio. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron dos cuestionarios, uno para el equipo de Enfermería con 53 integrantes y otro para el equipo de limpieza con 21 integrantes, abordando temas relevantes para cada categoría profesional. Se calcularon las frecuencias relativas y absolutas de las respuestas con fines de medición y comparación. Resultados: hubo un alto nivel de aciertos de ambos grupos entrevistados, lo que puede estar asociado a que la institución mantiene, en su Plan de Manejo de Residuos Sanitarios, un programa de educación continua, independientemente del tipo de relación laboral de los trabajadores. Conclusión: se concluye que el conocimiento de los profesionales involucrados sobre la correcta práctica de la gestión de residuos sanitarios resultó ser satisfactorio y aquí destacan los profesionales de la limpieza, en ocasiones desatendidos. Se señala que no se puede negar el impacto de este trabajo conjunto sobre los costos de la institución, la salud de los trabajadores y la preservación del medio ambiente.(AU)

Spatial diffusion of Zika fever epidemics in the Municipality of Salvador-Bahia, Brazil, in 2015-2016: does Zika fever have the same spread pattern as Dengue and Chikungunya fever epidemics?

INTRODUCTION: The recent emergence and rapid spread of Zika and Chikungunya fevers in Brazil, occurring simultaneously to a Dengue fever epidemic, together represent major challenges to public health authorities. This study aimed to identify and compare the 2015-2016 spatial diffusion pattern of Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue epidemics in Salvador-Bahia. METHODS: We used two study designs comprising a cross-sectional-to-point pattern and an ecological analysis of lattice data. Residential addresses involving notified cases were geocoded. We used four spatial diffusion analysis techniques: (i) visual inspection of the sequential kernel and choropleth map, (ii) spatial correlogram analysis, (iii) spatial local autocorrelation (LISA) changes analysis and, (iv) nearest neighbor index (NNI) modeling. RESULTS: Kernel and choropleth maps indicated that arboviruses spread to neighboring areas near the first reported cases and occupied these new areas, suggesting a diffusion expansion pattern. A greater case density occurred in central and western areas. In 2015 and 2016, the NNI best-fit model had an S-curve compatible with an expansion pattern for Zika (R2 = 0.94; 0.95), Chikungunya (R2 = 0.99; 0.98) and Dengue (R2 = 0.93; 0.99) epidemics, respectively. Spatial correlograms indicated a decline in spatial lag autocorrelations for the three diseases (expansion pattern). Significant LISA changes suggested different diffusion patterns, although a small number of changes were detected. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate diffusion expansion, a unique spatial diffusion pattern of Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue epidemics in Salvador-Bahia, namely. Knowing how and where arboviruses spread in Salvador-Bahia can help improve subsequent specific epidemic control interventions.

Spatial diffusion of Zika fever epidemics in the Municipality of Salvador-Bahia, Brazil, in 2015-2016: does Zika fever have the same spread pattern as Dengue and Chikungunya fever epidemics?

Abstract INTRODUCTION The recent emergence and rapid spread of Zika and Chikungunya fevers in Brazil, occurring simultaneously to a Dengue fever epidemic, together represent major challenges to public health authorities. This study aimed to identify and compare the 2015-2016 spatial diffusion pattern of Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue epidemics in Salvador-Bahia. METHODS We used two study designs comprising a cross-sectional-to-point pattern and an ecological analysis of lattice data. Residential addresses involving notified cases were geocoded. We used four spatial diffusion analysis techniques: (i) visual inspection of the sequential kernel and choropleth map, (ii) spatial correlogram analysis, (iii) spatial local autocorrelation (LISA) changes analysis and, (iv) nearest neighbor index (NNI) modeling. RESULTS Kernel and choropleth maps indicated that arboviruses spread to neighboring areas near the first reported cases and occupied these new areas, suggesting a diffusion expansion pattern. A greater case density occurred in central and western areas. In 2015 and 2016, the NNI best-fit model had an S-curve compatible with an expansion pattern for Zika (R2 = 0.94; 0.95), Chikungunya (R2 = 0.99; 0.98) and Dengue (R2 = 0.93; 0.99) epidemics, respectively. Spatial correlograms indicated a decline in spatial lag autocorrelations for the three diseases (expansion pattern). Significant LISA changes suggested different diffusion patterns, although a small number of changes were detected. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate diffusion expansion, a unique spatial diffusion pattern of Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue epidemics in Salvador-Bahia, namely. Knowing how and where arboviruses spread in Salvador-Bahia can help improve subsequent specific epidemic control interventions.