Perfil sociodemográfico, internações e óbitos por obesidade nas regiões brasileiras / Sociodemographic profile, hospitalizations and deaths by obesity in the Brazilian regions

Introdução: Os números relacionados à presença de obesidade são crescentes tanto no Brasil, quanto no mundo.Objetivo: Descrever o perfil sociodemográfico, internações e óbitos por obesidade nas regiões do Brasil. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo investigativo, observacional, retrospectivo, de delineamento quantitativo. A coleta de dados, referente ao período de 2008 a 2018, foi realizada no sistema de informação hospitalar do SUS (SIH/SUS), disponibilizado pelo departamento de informática do SUS (DATASUS). Resultados: Em relação ao número de internações e taxa de mortalidade por obesidade, de acordo com o sexo no período pesquisado, houve um predomínio no sexo feminino (N= 91889) em relação ao masculino (N= 13568), entretanto ao analisar a taxa de mortalidade percebeu-se que apesar do número de internações nos homens ter sido menor, a taxa de mortalidade foi maior do que nas mulheres respectivamente (0,52 e 0,17). A maior taxa de prevalência de pacientes internados por obesidade foi na região Sul (N= 169,65) e o menor número ocorreu na região Norte (N= 6,11). Em relação à taxa de mortalidade, a maior foi na região Norte (0,53%) e a menor na região Sul (0,2%). Conclusão: O índice de internações por obesidade durante o período analisado apresentou um aumento considerável na maioria das regiões, sendo que a taxa de mortalidade foi maior nas regiões Norte e Nordeste. Além disso, notou-se que o sexo feminino concentra os maiores números de internações, que ocorreram com maior frequência no caráter eletivo do sistema de saúde privado.

Introduction: The numbers related to the presence of obesity are increasing both in Brazil and worldwide. Objective: To describe the sociodemographic profile, hospitalizations and deaths due to obesity in the regions of Brazil. Material and Methods: This is an investigative, observational, retrospective, quantitative study. Data collection, referring to the period from 2008 to 2018, was performed in the SUS hospital information system (SIH/SUS), made available by the computer department of SUS (DATASUS). Results: In relation to the number of hospitalizations and mortality rate for obesity, according to sex in the research period, there was a predominance in females (N= 91889) compared to males (N= 13568), however, when analyzing the mortality rate it was noticed that although the number of hospitalizations in men was lower the mortality rate was higher than in women respectively (0.52 and 0.17). The highest prevalence rate of patients hospitalized for obesity was in the South region (N= 169.65) and the lowest number occurred in the North region (N= 6.11). Regarding the mortality rate, the highest was in the Northern region (0.53%) and the lowest in the Southern region rate (0.2%). Conclusion: The rate of hospitalizations for obesity during the analyzed period showed a considerable increase in most regions, and the mortality rate was higher in the northern and northeastern regions. Moreover, it was noted that the female gender concentrated the largest numbers of hospitalizations, which occurred more frequently in the elective character of the private health system.

Sexual dysfunction in the climacteric period and associated factors / Disfunção sexual no climatério e fatores associados

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate associated factors with sexual dysfunction among middle-aged women. Methods: cross-sectional and analytical study was carried out with climacteric women attended at a Family Health Strategy Unit in the city of Montes Claros, MG. Brazil. The eligible women answered a question form containing sociodemographic, behavioral, anthropometric, gynecological factors and sexuality. The Body Mass Index and waist circumference were used to assess nutritional status and metabolic risk. To evaluate quality of life and sexual performance the Menopause Rating Scale and the Sexual Quotient - Female Version were used, respectively. Bivariate analysis and hierarchical multiple regression were used to identify associated factors with sexual dysfunction in the climacteric period. Results: among 195 women, 29.6% had sexual dysfunction. The prevalence of unsatisfactory sexual performance was higher among women who reported moderate to severe climacteric symptoms (OR=2.47) and lower schooling level was also associated (OR=1.95). However, age at menarche below 12 years (OR=0.43) and non-white (OR=0.36) seem to have a protective effect for good sexual performance. Conclusion: the prevalence of sexual dysfunction was high and the level of schooling and climacteric symptomatology were associated factors with this outcome.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar os fatores associados à disfunção sexual entre as mulheres de meia-idade. Métodos: estudo de corte transversal e analítico realizado com mulheres climatéricas atendidas em uma Unidade de Estratégia de Saúde da Família no município de Montes Claros-MG, Brasil. As mulheres elegíveis responderam a um formulário contendo questões sociodemográficas, comportamentais, antropométricas, fatores ginecológicos e sexualidade. Utilizou-se o Índice e Massa Corporal e a circunferência da cintura para avaliar o estado nutricional e risco metabólico. Para avaliar a qualidade de vida e o desempenho sexual foram utilizados a Menopause Rating Scale e o Quociente Sexual -Versão Feminina, respectivamente. Empregou-se análise bivariada e regressão múltipla hierarquizada para identificar fatores associados à disfunção sexual no climatério. Resultados: dentre 195 mulheres, 29,6% apresentaram disfunção sexual. A prevalência de desempenho sexual insatisfatório foi maior entre as mulheres que declararam sintomas climatéricos moderados a graves (OR = 2,47) e o menor grau de escolaridade (OR = 1,95). No entanto, a idade da menarca abaixo de 12 anos (OR = 0,43) e a cor de pele não branca (OR = 0,36) parecem ter efeito protetor para o bom desempenho sexual. Conclusão: a prevalência de disfunção sexual foi elevada e o nível de escolaridade e a sintomatologia climatérica foram fatores associados a esse resultado.

Effect of Antioxidant-Rich Moringa Leaves on Quality and Functional Properties of Strawberry Juice.

Moringa oleifera and strawberry are cultivated extensively worldwide and are divinely blessed with an enormous amount of nutritional and medicinal constituents, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, iron, potassium, and phenolic antioxidants that play a pivotal role in treating, confining, and preventing diabetes and many kinds of cancer. The focus of the study is to develop different samples of highly acceptable ready to serve (RTS) Moringa strawberry juice blend by underutilizing Moringa and strawberry juice in different proportions. Moringa oleifera's bitter taste and green color steeply limits its acceptability and counter this drawback utilized with strawberry juice. The physicochemical analysis of blended juice was performed to investigate the suitability and keeping quality of the juice mixture. The collected data signify that pH titratable acidity (TA) and total soluble solids (TSS) the slight modification after the inclusion of Moringa juice extract and throughout the storage. The Moringa treatment positively improved the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant, and vitamin C from 12 to 49.17 mg GAE/100g, 61.41 to 87.69%, and 64.03 to 86.65 mg/100 mL, respectively, but there was a slight decline in antioxidant quantity while stored under refrigerated conditions for one month. An assimilative trend was noticed in TPC and vitamin C, which collapsed from 49.17-36.32 mg GAE to 86.65-79.19 mg, respectively. In accordance with sensory analysis T 2 (90% strawberry juice and 10% Moringa extract), the juice blend was rated best in context to flavor, color, and taste. This juice blend proved to be greatly effective especially for children suffering from malnutrition as well as women to counter with its appreciable number of nutritional constituents.

Bacterial diversity dynamics in microbial consortia selected for lignin utilization.

Lignin is nature's largest source of phenolic compounds. Its recalcitrance to enzymatic conversion is still a limiting step to increase the value of lignin. Although bacteria are able to degrade lignin in nature, most studies have focused on lignin degradation by fungi. To understand which bacteria are able to use lignin as the sole carbon source, natural selection over time was used to obtain enriched microbial consortia over a 12-week period. The source of microorganisms to establish these microbial consortia were commercial and backyard compost soils. Cultivation occurred at two different temperatures, 30°C and 37°C, in defined culture media containing either Kraft lignin or alkaline-extracted lignin as carbon source. iTag DNA sequencing of bacterial 16S rDNA gene was performed for each of the consortia at six timepoints (passages). The initial bacterial richness and diversity of backyard compost soil consortia was greater than that of commercial soil consortia, and both parameters decreased after the enrichment protocol, corroborating that selection was occurring. Bacterial consortia composition tended to stabilize from the fourth passage on. After the enrichment protocol, Firmicutes phylum bacteria were predominant when lignin extracted by alkaline method was used as a carbon source, whereas Proteobacteria were predominant when Kraft lignin was used. Bray-Curtis dissimilarity calculations at genus level, visualized using NMDS plots, showed that the type of lignin used as a carbon source contributed more to differentiate the bacterial consortia than the variable temperature. The main known bacterial genera selected to use lignin as a carbon source were Altererythrobacter, Aminobacter, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Lysinibacillus, Microvirga, Mycobacterium, Ochrobactrum, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, Pseudoxanthomonas, Rhizobiales and Sphingobium. These selected bacterial genera can be of particular interest for studying lignin degradation and utilization, as well as for lignin-related biotechnology applications.

Functional and structural characterization of a novel GH3 ß-glucosidase from the gut metagenome of the Brazilian Cerrado termite Syntermes wheeleri.

In this study, a GH3 family ß-glucosidase (Bgl7226) from metagenomic sequences of the Syntermes wheeleri gut, a Brazilian Cerrado termite, was expressed, purified and characterized. The enzyme showed two optimum pHs (pH 7 and pH 10), and a maximum optimum temperature of about 40 °C using 4-Nitrophenyl ß-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) as substrate. Bgl7226 showed higher enzymatic activity at basic pH, but higher affinity (Km) at neutral pH. However, at neutral pH the Bgl7226 enzyme showed higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) for pNPG substrate. Predictive analysis about the enzyme structure-function relationship by sequence alignment suggested the presence of multi-domains and conserved catalytic sites. Circular dichroism results showed that the secondary structure composition of the enzyme is pH-dependent. Small conformational changes occurred close to the optimum temperature of 40 o C, and seem important for the highest activity of Bgl7226 observed at pH 7 and 10. In addition, the small transition in the unfolding curves close to 40 o C is typical of intermediates associated with proteins structured in several domains. Bgl7226 has significant ß-glucosidase activity which could be attractive for biotechnological applications, such as plant roots detoxification; specifically, our group is interested in cassava roots (Manihot esculenta) detoxification.

Seasonal Variations in Soil Microbiota Profile of Termite (Syntermes wheeleri) Mounds in the Brazilian Tropical Savanna.

Eusocial animals, such as the termites, often build a nest-like structure called a mound that provides shelter with stable internal conditions and protection against predators. Termites are important components of the Brazilian Cerrado biota. This study aimed to investigate the bacterial community composition and diversity of the Syntermes wheeleri termite-mound soil using culture-independent approaches. We considered the vertical profile by comparing two different mound depths (mound surface and 60 cm) and seasonality with samplings during the rainy and dry seasons. We compared the mound soil microbiota to the adjacent soil without the influence of the mound to test the hypothesis that the Cerrado soil bacterial community was more diverse and more susceptible to seasonality than the mound soil microbiota. The results support the hypothesis that the Cerrado soil bacterial community is more diverse than the mound soil and also has a higher variability among seasons. The number of observed OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) was used to express bacterial richness, and it indicates that soil moisture has an effect on the community distribution and richness of the Cerrado samples in comparison to mound samples, which remain stable across seasons. This could be a consequence of the protective role of the mound for the termite colony. The overall community taxonomic profile was similar between soil samples, especially when compared to the taxonomic composition of the Syntermes wheeleri termite's gut, which might be explained by the different characteristics and functionality between the soil and the gut microbial community.

Genome-resolved metagenomics analysis provides insights into the ecological role of Thaumarchaeota in the Amazon River and its plume.

BACKGROUND: Thaumarchaeota are abundant in the Amazon River, where they are the only ammonia-oxidizing archaea. Despite the importance of Thaumarchaeota, little is known about their physiology, mainly because few isolates are available for study. Therefore, information about Thaumarchaeota was obtained primarily from genomic studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the ecological roles of Thaumarchaeota in the Amazon River and the Amazon River plume. RESULTS: The archaeal community of the shallow in Amazon River and its plume is dominated by Thaumarchaeota lineages from group 1.1a, which are mainly affiliated to Candidatus Nitrosotenuis uzonensis, members of order Nitrosopumilales, Candidatus Nitrosoarchaeum, and Candidatus Nitrosopelagicus sp. While Thaumarchaeota sequences have decreased their relative abundance in the plume, Candidatus Nitrosopelagicus has increased. One genome was recovered from metagenomic data of the Amazon River (ThauR71 [1.05 Mpb]), and two from metagenomic data of the Amazon River plume (ThauP25 [0.94 Mpb] and ThauP41 [1.26 Mpb]). Phylogenetic analysis placed all three Amazon genome bins in Thaumarchaeota Group 1.1a. The annotation revealed that most genes are assigned to the COG subcategory coenzyme transport and metabolism. All three genomes contain genes involved in the hydroxypropionate/hydroxybutyrate cycle, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation. However, ammonia-monooxygenase genes were detected only in ThauP41 and ThauR71. Glycoside hydrolases and auxiliary activities genes were detected only in ThauP25. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that Amazon River is a source of Thaumarchaeota, where these organisms are important for primary production, vitamin production, and nitrification.

Mild hydrothermal pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse enhances the production of holocellulases by Aspergillus niger.

Holocellulase production by Aspergillus niger using raw sugarcane bagasse (rSCB) as the enzyme-inducing substrate is hampered by the intrinsic recalcitrance of this material. Here we report that mild hydrothermal pretreatment of rSCB increases holocellulase secretion by A. niger. Quantitative proteomic analysis revealed that pretreated solids (PS) induced a pronounced up-regulation of endoglucanases and cellobiohydrolases compared to rSCB, which resulted in a 10.1-fold increase in glucose release during SCB saccharification. The combined use of PS and pretreatment liquor (PL), referred to as whole pretreated slurry (WPS), as carbon source induced a more balanced up-regulation of cellulases, hemicellulases and pectinases and resulted in the highest increase (4.8-fold) in the release of total reducing sugars from SCB. The use of PL as the sole carbon source induced the modulation of A. niger's secretome towards hemicellulose degradation. Mild pretreatment allowed the use of PL in downstream biological operations without the need for undesirable detoxification steps.

Structural and functional characterization of a novel lipolytic enzyme from a Brazilian Cerrado soil metagenomic library.

OBJECTIVE: To isolate putative lipase enzymes by screening a Cerrado soil metagenomic library with novel features. RESULTS: Of 6720 clones evaluated, Clone W (10,000 bp) presented lipolytic activity and four predicted coding sequences, one of them LipW. Characterization of a predicted esterase/lipase, LipW, showed 28% sequence identity with an arylesterase from Pseudomonas fluorescens (pdb|3HEA) from protein database (PDB). Phylogenetic analysis showed LipW clustered with family V lipases; however, LipW was clustered in different subclade belonged to family V, suggesting a different subgroup of family V. In addition, LipW presented a difference in family V GH motif, a glycine replaced by a serine in GH motif. Estimated molecular weight and stokes radius values of LipW were 29,338.67-29,411.98 Da and 2.58-2.83 nm, respectively. Optimal enzyme activity was observed at pH 9.0-9.5 and at 40 °C. Circular dichroism analysis estimated secondary structures percentages as approximately 45% α-helix and 15% ß-sheet, consistent with the 3D structure predicted by homology. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate the isolation of novel family V lipolytic enzyme with biotechnological applications from a metagenomic library.

Characterization of starch-based bioplastics from jackfruit seed plasticized with glycerol.

Biodegradable films based on starches from different botanical sources exhibited physicochemical and functional properties which were related with the starch characteristics. However, had inadequate mechanical properties and were hard and brittle. In this research, jackfruit seed starch plasticized with glycerol were developed and characterized. The starch and glycerol concentrations ranged from 2 to 6% w/w and 20 to 60 g/100 g starch, respectively. Bioplastics were obtained by the casting method and characterized in terms of color, mechanical properties, solubility, water vapor permeability (WVP), morphology and free energy of the hydrophobic interaction. Electronic micrographics showed the presence of some intact starch granules. The bioplastics were hydrophilic and those of 6% starch and 40% glycerol were the most hydrophilic ([Formula: see text] = 41.35 mJ m-1). The solubility of the films presented a direct relationship with the starch concentration ranging from 16.42 to 23.26%. Increased opacity and color difference were observed with increasing starch concentration. The WVP ranged from 1.374 × 10-3 to 3.07 × 10-4 g m/day m2 which was positively related with the concentration of starch and glycerol. Tensile strength, percent elongation and Young's Modulus indicated that the jackfruit starch and glycerol provided a film with good mechanical properties. The results replaced that jackfruit starch can be used to develop films, with low opacity, moderate WVP and relatively high mechanical stability, by using glycerol in the gelatinized starch dispersions.

Estado nutricional do usuário submetido à hemodiálise / Nutritional status of the user submitted to hemodialysis

Objetivos: identificar o estado nutricional dos usuários submetidos à hemodiálise e verificar a associação doestado nutricional com variáveis sociodemográficas. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal, com80 doentes renais de um setor de hemodiálise. Foi utilizada a Avaliação Nutricional Subjetiva Global e o questionário sociodemográfico. A análise dos dados foi realizada com o auxílio de estatística descritiva, por meio da distribuição de suas frequências. Em seguida, foi realizada análise bivariada entre a variável desfecho desnutrição moderada e grave e, nutrida com cada variável independente, adotou-se nível descritivo inferior a 0,05. Resultados: dos usuários avaliados, 70% foram caracterizados como nutridos, 30% como moderadamente desnutridos ou com suspeita de desnutrição. Conclusão: a prevalência de desnutrição encontrada foi importante entre os indivíduos submetidos à hemodiálise e a Avaliação Nutricional Subjetiva Global é uma ferramenta eficaz para a classificação desse usuário.

Efeito da chia sobre a função intestinal, parâmetros antropométricos e hemodinâmicos em idosas / The effect of chia on intestinal function, anthropometric andHemodynamic parameters in elderly women

O processo de envelhecimento vem associado à diversas alterações funcionais, evidenciando-se a constipação intestinalcomo uma das mais prevalentes. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito da semente de chia na constipação intestinale sua interferência nas medidas de peso, circunferência da cintura e pressão arterial. Inicialmente foi realizada aidentificação das idosas com o quadro de constipação intestinal por meio da aplicação do questionário Roma III. Apóseste procedimento aferiu-se as medidas antropométricas peso e altura para o cálculo e diagnóstico do estado nutricionalsegundo o Índice de Massa Corporal e Circunferência da Cintura para análise do risco de doenças cardiovasculares eParâmetro Hemodinâmico. As participantes da pesquisa receberam a semente de chia para consumo durante 45 dias,sendo orientadas a ingerir diariamente em jejum 1 colher de sopa da semente (correspondente a 12g/dia), e tambémquanto a ingestão de água. Depois de transcorridos os 45 dias, as idosas foram reavaliadas. Observou-se, que a sementefoi capaz de reverter o quadro da constipação intestinal, verificando a melhora em todos os fatores investigados peloQuestionário Roma III. Notou-se redução nos valores apresentados antes e após o experimento no que se refereao peso, Índice de Massa Corporal e Circunferência da Cintura, mas sem significância estatística. Quanto aos níveispressóricos, não foi observada alteração de valores. A chia se mostrou uma importante fonte de alimento funcionalsendo eficaz nas pacientes que apresentaram constipação, porém mais trabalhos devem ser realizados a fim de explorartodos os efeitos benéficos da semente

The aging process has been associated with several functional disorders, and constipation has proven to be one ofthe most prevalent. Aim: To evaluate the effect of chia seeds on intestinal constipation and its influence on weight,waist circumference, and blood pressure measurements. Initially, the identification of the elderly women withintestinal constipation was carried out by using the Roma III questionnaire. After this procedure the anthropometricmeasurements, weight and height, were checked to calculate and diagnose their nutritional status according to the BodyMass Index and Waist Circumference, in order to analyze the risk of cardiovascular diseases and analyze hemodynamicparameters. The study participants consumed chia seeds during 45 days, and they were instructed to eat 1 tbsp of theseed (corresponding to 12 g/day) as well as to drink water. After 45 days, the elderly women were re-evaluated. Results:We have observed that the seed was able to suppress the intestinal constipation, and we verified an improvement inall the factors investigated by the Roma III Questionnaire. There was a reduction in the values presented before andafter the experiment regarding weight, Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference, but with no statistical relevance. Forblood pressure levels, no changes in values were observed. Chia seed is an important source of functional food and iseffective in patients who presented constipation, but more work should be done in order to explore all the beneficialeffects of this seed

Microbial Community Profile and Water Quality in a Protected Area of the Caatinga Biome.

The Caatinga is a semi-arid biome in northeast Brazil. The Paraguaçú River is located in the Caatinga biome, and part of its course is protected by the National Park of Chapada Diamantina (PNCD). In this study we evaluated the effect of PNCD protection on the water quality and microbial community diversity of this river by analyzing water samples obtained from points located inside and outside the PNCD in both wet and dry seasons. Results of water quality analysis showed higher levels of silicate, ammonia, particulate organic carbon, and nitrite in samples from the unprotected area compared with those from protected areas. Pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA genes revealed that Burkholderiales was abundant in samples from all three sites during both seasons and was represented primarily by the genus Polynucleobacter and members of the Comamonadaceae family (e.g., genus Limnohabitans). During the dry season, the unprotected area showed a higher abundance of Flavobacterium sp. and Arthrobacter sp., which are frequently associated with the presence and/or degradation of arsenic and pesticide compounds. In addition, genes that appear to be related to agricultural impacts on the environment, as well as those involved in arsenic and cadmium resistance, copper homeostasis, and propanediol utilization, were detected in the unprotected areas by metagenomic sequencing. Although PNCD protection improves water quality, agricultural activities around the park may affect water quality within the park and may account for the presence of bacteria capable of pesticide degradation and assimilation, evidencing possible anthropogenic impacts on the Caatinga.

Criação de um grupo para pessoas com dor crônica, uma abordagem terapêutica e social: um relato de experiência na UBS Vila Marchi / Creation of a group for people with chronic pain, a therapeutic and social approach: an experience report at UBS Vila Marchi

A dor crônica pode ser persistente e recorrente, tem um processo de tratamento longo que inclui repouso e uso de fármacos para o alívio do sintoma, que, em muitas ocasiões, podem resultar em efeitos colaterais desagradáveis, o que dificulta a adesão de pessoas ao tratamento farmacológico. A baixa adesão ao tratamento e os possíveis efeitos colaterais estão relacionados diretamente à baixa eficácia do uso contínuo de medicamentos, fazendo necessária uma nova forma de tratamento multidimensional, agindo não somente sobre os sintomas, mas também nas características biopsicossocial do paciente.

Qualidade Microbiológica de Farinhas de Linhaça Dourada e Marrom / Microbiological Quality of Golden and Brown Flaxseed Flours

A linhaça (Linum usitatissimum L.) é uma das maiores fontes de ácidos graxos essenciais ômega 3 e 6 e de outros nutrientes, tais como fibras e compostos fenólicos, que exercem ações relevantes na saúde humana. Com relação à composição nutricional, a semente de linhaça marrom e dourada não se diferem, pois ambas são ricas em lignanas e fibras dietéticas. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a qualidade microbiológica da farinha de linhaça dourada e marrom comercializada na cidade de Vitoria da Conquista- Bahia. As farinhas foram coletadas em três estabelecimentos diferentes, sendo duas comercializadas a granel e uma em supermercado com marca especifica. Foram avaliados os seguintes microrganismos: aeróbios mesófilos, Coliformes Totais e Termotolerantes, Fungos (Bolores e Leveduras) e Staphylococcus aureus, utilizando a técnica de Petrifilm. Por não existir legislação específica para este produto, utilizou-se a citada para sementes comestíveis cruas. Todas as farinhas de linhaça analisadas se encontram com algum nível de contaminação microbiana, porém dentro dos padrões exigidos pela Legislação de sementes cruas comestíveis. No entanto, vale salientar que quanto maior a carga microbiana nos alimentos menor a vida de prateleira do produto comercializado. Por isso, sugere-se um maior monitoramento a respeito das boas práticas de higiene e cuidadosna manipulação e conservação deste produto, a fim de não comprometer a qualidade microbiológica, sensorial e nutricional dos alimentos, garantindo ao consumidor um alimento próprio para consumo e prevenindo o aparecimento de doenças transmitidas por alimentos.

Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a major source of essential fatty acids omega 3 and 6 and other nutrients such as fiber and phenolic compounds, with relevant actions on human health. Regarding the nutritional composition, the brown and golden flaxseed does not differ, since both are rich in lignans and dietary fiber. This study aimed to assess the microbiological quality of golden and brown flaxseed flour marketed in the city of Vitoria da Conquista -Bahia. Flours were collected in three different establishments including two sold in bulk and one in a supermarket. The following microbiological analyses were carried out: aerobic mesophilic counts, Total and fecal coliforms, fungi (molds and yeasts) and Staphylococcus aureus using the petrifilm technique. Once there is no specific legislation for this product, the legislation used for raw edible seeds was assessed. All samples presented levels of microbial contamination, which was within the standards required by the legislation of edible raw seeds. However it is worth emphasizing that the higher the microbial load, the lower the product?s shelf life is. Therefore, it is suggested a greater monitoring with good hygiene practices and care in handling and storage of this product to provide microbiological, sensory, and nutritional quality of foods, thus preventing the occurrence of foodborne illness.

The Gut Microbiota of Workers of the Litter-Feeding Termite Syntermes wheeleri (Termitidae: Syntermitinae): Archaeal, Bacterial, and Fungal Communities.

The gut microbiota of termites allows them to thrive on a variety of different materials such as wood, litter, and soil. For that reason, they play important roles in the decomposition of biomass in diverse biomes. This function is essential in the savanna, where litter-feeding termites are one of the few invertebrates active during the dry season. In this study, we describe the gut microbiota of workers (third and fourth instars) of the species Syntermes wheeleri, a litter-feeding termite from the Brazilian savanna. Results of 16S and 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene-targeted pyrosequencing using primers sets specific to each domain have revealed its bacterial, archaeal, and fungal diversities. Firmicutes accounted for more than half of the operational taxonomic units of the Bacteria domain. The most abundant fungal species were from the class Dothideomycetes of the phylum Ascomycota. The methanogenic orders Methanobacteriales, Methanosarcinales, and Methanomicrobiales of the phylum Euryarchaeota accounted for the greatest part of the Archaea detected in this termite. A comparison of the gut microbiota of the two instars revealed a difference in operational taxonomic unit (OTU) abundance but not in species richness. This description of the whole gut microbiota represents the first study to evaluate relationships among bacteria, archaea, fungi, and host in S. wheeleri.

Apropriação e uso dos espaços de lazer da população Curraisnovense / Appropriation and use of spaces for leisure population Curraisnovense

O lazer hoje é considerado um direito do cidadão brasileiro regulamentado pela Constituição de 1988, e o poder público buscando satisfazer as necessidades da população e em conformidade com as leis federais, estaduais e municipais, constituem espaços públicos de lazer para o fomento dessa atividade. O presente artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo realizar um estudo com a população curraisnovense visando conhecer o processo de apropriação dos espaços públicos para o lazer da comunidade. Como metodologia foi utilizada uma amostragem não probabilística por conveniência, onde foram aplicados 160 formulários com a população curraisnovense para conhecer como é realizado o processo de apropriação dos espaços e identificar as necessidades da população frente aos espaços de lazer da cidade. Os principais resultados da pesquisa apontam que a população geralmente utiliza dos espaços públicos de lazer para confraternização com familiares e amigos, prática de esportes e lanches nos quiosques e espetinhos espalhados em todos os bairros da cidade. Foi constatado que os espaços públicos da cidade são passíveis para a apropriação e uso da população para o lazer, mas há uma carência de atividades que possam atrair esse público periodicamente.

The leisure today is considered a right of the citizen regulated by the Brazilian Constitution of 1988, and the government seeking to satisfy the needs of the population and in accordance with federal, state and local, as public spaces for leisure promoting this activity. This article is the result of a survey that aimed to conduct a study with curraisnovense population in order to know the process of appropriation of public spaces for leisure community. The methodology we used a non-probability sample of convenience, where 160 forms were applied to the population curraisnovense to know how is done the process of appropriation of spaces and identify the needs of the population compared to the leisure facilities of the city. The main results of the research show that people often use public leisure spaces for socializing with family and friends, sports and snack kiosks scattered and skewered in all neighborhoods. It was found that the city's public spaces are subject to appropriation and use of the population for recreation, but there is a lack of activities that may attract this audience regularly.

Conhecendo os sentimentos e expectativas de mães de recém-nascido em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal / Feelings and expectations of mothers of newborns in a neonatal intensive care unit / Conocer los sentimientos y expectativas para madres de recién-nascidos en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatal

Objetivo: conhecer os sentimentos e expectativas de mães de recém nascidos em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Método: estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa. A amostra foi constituída por 13 mães que tinham seu bebê internado na UTIN, nos meses de junho e julho de 2008. O instrumento foi um formulário, sendo a primeira parte com perguntas relacionadas à caracterização das mães e a segunda contendo as variáveis em estudo, com perguntas objetivas e respostas de múltipla escolha. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade do Sagrado Coração, protocolo n. 49/08. Resultados: observou-se que a maioria das mães eram jovens adultas casadas, tinham registro em carteira de trabalho, residiam em Bauru/SP. Sobre a reação à internação, 77% ficaram preocupadas e angustiadas; 61% estavam preocupadas no momento da entrevista; 38,5% sentiam-se acolhidas e calmas no ambiente hospitalar; 84,5% referiram que o relacionamento mãe/equipe de enfermagem era bom; 77% disseram que houve mudança no seu dia a dia. Conclusão: as mães evidenciaram sentimentos de preocupação, angústia, calma e esperança. A maioria acreditava que seu bebe sairia logo da UTINN e que o tratamento seria eficaz, demonstrando uma relação de confiança com a equipe que prestava assistência ao seu filho.(AU)

Objective: to know the feelings and expectations of mothers of newborns in a neonatal intensive care unit. Method: a descriptive study with quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 13 mothers who had their infant in NICU, in June and July 2008. The instrument was a form; the first part with questions related to the mothers' characterization and the second part containing variables of the study, with objective questions and multiple choice answers. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of the Sacred Heart under the protocol nr. 49/08. Results: most of the mothers were married young adults, had social security number, living in Bauru city, São Paulo, Brazil. Regarding the reaction to hospitalization, 77% were anxious and distressed, 61% were concerned at the moment of the interview, 38.5% felt comfortable and calm in the hospital, 84.5% reported that the mother/nursing staff was good, 77% said that there was a change in their daily life. Conclusion: the mothers showed feelings of worry, anxiety, calmness and hope. The majority believed that their child would leave soon from the NICU and that treatment would be effective, thus showing a relationship of trust with the team that assisted their newborn. (AU)

Objetivo: conocer los sentimientos y expectativas de las madres de los recién nacidos en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatal. Método: estudio descriptivo, con enfoque cuantitativo. La muestra estuvo constituida por 13 madres que habían tenido su bebé en el hospital UCIN en los meses de junio y julio de 2008. El instrumento fue un formulario; la primera parte, constituyó de cuestiones relacionadas con la caracterización de las madres y la segunda parte, con las variables en estudio, con preguntas objetivas y respuestas de elección múltiple. El proyecto fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Pesquisa de la Universidad del Sagrado Corazón, bajo el Protocolo de 49/08. Resultados: se observó que la mayoría de las madres eran adultos jóvenes casadas, tenían cartera de trabajo y viven en Bauru/SP. En cuanto la reacción a la hospitalización, 77% estaban ansiosas y angustiadas, 61% estaban preocupadas en el momento de la entrevista, y 38,5% sentían se bienvenidas y tranquilas en el hospital, 84,5% informó de el relacionamiento madre/ equipo de enfermería era bueno, 77% dijo que hubo cambio en el día a día. Conclusión: las madres demostraron sentimientos de preocupación, ansiedad, calma y esperanza. La mayoría acreditaba que su bebé volvería pronto de la UTIN y que el tratamiento sería eficaz, lo que muestra una relación de confianza con el equipo que trató a su hijo.(AU)