Creación del distintivo Soludable: un modelo de certificación en fotoprotección para centros escolares / Creation Of The «Soludable» Sun Protection Accreditation Program For Schools

Introducción: La exposición solar en la infancia es el principal factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de cáncer de piel en la vida adulta. Las intervenciones basadas en programas y políticas de fotoprotección escolar han demostrado ser las estrategias más eficaces y coste-efectivas para la prevención del cáncer de piel. Objetivos: Elaborar un modelo de certificación que permita identificar de forma objetiva aquellos centros escolares que promueven activamente la fotoprotección. Métodos: Se empleó metodología de consenso basada en panel de expertos, recurriendo al método Delphi en 2 rondas. Se analizaron las medianas de las valoraciones de la importancia y factibilidad de cada una de las recomendaciones, y el porcentaje de respuestas positivas para los niveles de cada una de ellas. Resultados: Se obtuvo un modelo integrado por 14 recomendaciones junto a sus criterios de evaluación, relativas a 7 dimensiones: 1) liderazgo organizacional (5 recomendaciones), 2) comunicación efectiva (2 recomendaciones), 3) elementos estructurales (2 recomendaciones), 4) formación de profesionales (una recomendación), 5) currículum escolar (una recomendación), 6) modelos de conducta (2 recomendaciones) y 7) hábitos del alumnado (una recomendación). Todas las recomendaciones mostraron un alto nivel de acuerdo, tanto en la valoración de la importancia y factibilidad como en la categorización de los niveles de complejidad. Conclusión: Se trata del primer distintivo de fotoprotección escolar que se desarrolla en nuestro país. Se necesitan estudios que evalúen el grado de aceptación de la estrategia y su impacto en los hábitos de fotoprotección de los escolares

Introduction: Sun exposure during childhood is the main risk factor for skin cancer in later life. School-based sun protection policies and practices have proven to be the most effective and cost-effective strategies for preventing skin cancer. Objective: To develop a sun protection accreditation program known as «Soludable» (a play on the Spanish words sol [sun] and saludable [healthy]) to objectively identify schools that actively promote sun protection behaviors among students. Methods: The consensus method used was a 2-round Delphi technique with input from a panel of experts. We then calculated the median scores for the importance and feasibility of each of the recommendations proposed and the level of complexity assigned to each recommendation by counting the percentage of experts who chose each difficulty category. Results: The resulting accreditation model consists of 14 recommendations with corresponding evaluation criteria divided into 7 domains: 1) organizational leadership (5 recommendations), 2) effective communication (2 recommendations), 3) structural elements (2 recommendations), 4) training of professionals (1 recommendation), 5) school curriculum (1 recommendation), 6) behavioral models (2 recommendations), and 7) student habits (1 recommendation). A high level of agreement among experts was observed for all recommendations, in terms of both their perceived importance and feasibility and their categorization by levels of complexity. Conclusions: This is the first sun protection accreditation program developed for Spanish schools. Studies are needed to evaluate how this program is received and how it affects students' sun protection behaviors

Creation Of The «Soludable¼ Sun Protection Accreditation Program For Schools. / Creación del distintivo Soludable: un modelo de certificación en fotoprotección para centros escolares.

INTRODUCTION: Sun exposure during childhood is the main risk factor for skin cancer in later life. School-based sun protection policies and practices have proven to be the most effective and cost-effective strategies for preventing skin cancer. OBJECTIVE: To develop a sun protection accreditation program known as «Soludable¼ (a play on the Spanish words sol [sun] and saludable [healthy]) to objectively identify schools that actively promote sun protection behaviors among students. METHODS: The consensus method used was a 2-round Delphi technique with input from a panel of experts. We then calculated the median scores for the importance and feasibility of each of the recommendations proposed and the level of complexity assigned to each recommendation by counting the percentage of experts who chose each difficulty category. RESULTS: The resulting accreditation model consists of 14 recommendations with corresponding evaluation criteria divided into 7 domains: 1) organizational leadership (5 recommendations), 2) effective communication (2 recommendations), 3) structural elements (2 recommendations), 4) training of professionals (1 recommendation), 5) school curriculum (1 recommendation), 6) behavioral models (2 recommendations), and 7) student habits (1 recommendation). A high level of agreement among experts was observed for all recommendations, in terms of both their perceived importance and feasibility and their categorization by levels of complexity. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first sun protection accreditation program developed for Spanish schools. Studies are needed to evaluate how this program is received and how it affects students' sun protection behaviors.

[Citizen perspectives on doctor-prescribed mobile health apps and information and communication technology usage within the Andalusian Healthcare System]. / Visión ciudadana sobre la prescripción de aplicaciones móviles de salud y el uso de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en el entorno sanitario en Andalucía.

BACKGROUND: As eHealth and mHealth are expanding the concerns about the guarantees that must surround these technologies are increasing. OBJECTIVE: To get to know the opinion of the public on the use and willingness towards communication with health professionals based on new technologies and the use of health apps recommended by those professionals, while identifying the sociodemographic or health differences within the population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study conducted within the Andalusian Barometer about Mobile Health Apps based on telephone surveys (2016) focused on Andalusian citizens over 18 years old. A combined multi-stage random sample was used, proportionally distributed by province, type of home, gender, and age group. Sample size n=1069 individuals. Frequency distribution analysis, contingency tables and chi-squared test were performed using SPSS software. RESULTS: Only 0.7% of citizens, especially those with higher education, have communicated with health professionals using information and communication technologies (ICT). Just over half (55%) of the population who has never communicated in that way would like to do so. Only 1.3% of citizens have ever received any recommendation on health apps given by any health professional, whereas 73.8% would be willing to use a health app recommended by professionals. The population groups that show greater willingness in both issues are those citizens under 44 years old, students or citizens with secondary or higher education, active working population, citizens with good or very good health condition, and those without any chronic disease diagnosed. No significant differences were found as regards the variables of gender, type of home, or living with people with disabilities. CONCLUSIONS: Although there is a high willingness by citizens to use ICT in professional-patient relationships, and to receive recommendations on health apps, they are still not very common. The results obtained are consistent with previous studies, especially regarding the influence of sociodemographic factors in the use and willingness to use of ICTs and recommended apps.

Cuestionario ISMP-España y estrategia de mejora en el uso seguro del medicamento dentro del Servicio Andaluz de Salud / ISMP-Spain questionnaire and strategy for improving good medication practices in the andalusian health system

Objetivo: Describir la estrategia seguida en los hospitales del Servicio Andaluz de Salud para potenciar el uso seguro del medicamento utilizando como herramienta base el cuestionario de autoevaluación de la seguridad del sistema de utilización de los medicamentos en los hospitales, adaptado por el Instituto para el Uso Seguro de los Medicamentos en España. Material y métodos La estrategia se desarrolló en varias fases. Un análisis del informe de evaluación de la seguridad del sistema de utilización de los medicamentos en los hospitales públicos de Andalucía publicado por el ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo en 2008 seguido del establecimiento de un diagnóstico de partida del grado de seguridad en el uso de los medicamentos en los hospitales andaluces y priorización de las áreas de mejora. El desarrollo de un catálogo de buenas prácticas disponibles en el entorno web del observatorio para la seguridad del paciente de la agencia de calidad sanitaria andaluza, difusión de la estrategia a través de talleres formativos y la puesta en marcha de un sistema de evaluación del grado de cumplimiento de cada una de las buenas prácticas dirigido a hospitales a partir del cual componer un mapa de centros de referencia, completan las actuaciones realizadas. Resultados Se detectaron áreas de mejora en varios de los criterios esenciales del cuestionario. Estas áreas de mejora se relacionaron con procesos habituales que sigue el medicamento en la práctica clínica habitual. Así, se elaboraron 7 guías de buena práctica que recogen de forma transversal todos los elementos de evaluación del cuestionario relacionados con el proceso clínico a mejorar. Conclusiones El cuestionario de autoevaluación adaptado por ISMP-España constituye una buena herramienta para diseñar una intervención sistemática y racional en el uso seguro del medicamento dirigida a un grupo de hospitales que comparten los mismos valores (AU)

Objective: To describe the strategy employed by Andalusian public health service hospitals to foster safe medication use. The self-evaluation questionnaire on drug system safety in hospitals, adapted by the Spanish Institute for Safe Medication Practices was used as a fundamental tool to that end. Material and method: The strategy is developed in several phases. We analyse the report evaluating drug system safety in Andalusian public hospitals published by the Spanish Ministry of Health and Consumption in 2008 and establish a grading system to assess safe medication practices in Andalusian hospitals and prioritise areas needing improvement. We developed a catalogue of best practices available in the web environment belonging to the Andalusian health care quality agency’s patient safety observatory. We publicised the strategy through training seminars and implemented a system allowing hospitals to evaluate the degree of compliance for each of the best practices, and based on that system, we were able to draw up a map of centres of reference. Results: We found areas for improvement among several of the questionnaire’s fundamental criteria. These areas for improvement were related to normal medication procedures in daily clinical practice. We therefore wrote 7 best practice guides that provide a cross-section of the assessment components of the questionnaire related to the clinical process needing improvement. Conclusions: The self-evaluation questionnaire adapted by ISMP-Spain is a good tool for designing a systematic, rational intervention to promote safe medication practices and intended for a group of hospitals that share the same values (AU)

[ISMP-Spain questionnaire and strategy for improving good medication practices in the Andalusian health system]. / Cuestionario ISMP-España y estrategia de mejora en el uso seguro del medicamento dentro del Servicio Andaluz de Salud.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the strategy employed by Andalusian public health service hospitals to foster safe medication use. The self-evaluation questionnaire on drug system safety in hospitals, adapted by the Spanish Institute for Safe Medication Practices was used as a fundamental tool to that end. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The strategy is developed in several phases. We analyse the report evaluating drug system safety in Andalusian public hospitals published by the Spanish Ministry of Health and Consumption in 2008 and establish a grading system to assess safe medication practices in Andalusian hospitals and prioritise areas needing improvement. We developed a catalogue of best practices available in the web environment belonging to the Andalusian health care quality agency's patient safety observatory. We publicised the strategy through training seminars and implemented a system allowing hospitals to evaluate the degree of compliance for each of the best practices, and based on that system, we were able to draw up a map of centres of reference. RESULTS: We found areas for improvement among several of the questionnaire's fundamental criteria. These areas for improvement were related to normal medication procedures in daily clinical practice. We therefore wrote 7 best practice guides that provide a cross-section of the assessment components of the questionnaire related to the clinical process needing improvement. CONCLUSIONS: The self-evaluation questionnaire adapted by ISMP-Spain is a good tool for designing a systematic, rational intervention to promote safe medication practices and intended for a group of hospitals that share the same values.

Maternidad adolescente / Adolescent maternity

El embarazo en las adolescentes se ha considerado de riesgo elevado por presentar una mayor morbi-mortalidad materno-fetal que los embarazos en la mujeres adultas. Presentamos en este trabajo un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte transversal en el que se analizan las características de embarazo y parto de madres adolescentes en el Hospital Materno-Infantil de Málaga. El total de casos estudiados es de 454 adolescentes, atentidas durante el período comprendido entre el 1 de enero de 1992 y el 31 de diciembre de 1993. La incidencia de partos de adolescentes es de 2,85 (por ciento), sobre un total de 15,876 partos totales ocurridos en este Hospital durante este período