RESUMO
The taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages is a policy that has been adopted in many countries worldwide, including Latin American, to reduce sugar consumption. However, little is known about how taxation on these products may affect their demand. The present study aims to estimate the price elasticity of demand for sugar-sweetened beverages in Brazil. This study advances the literature by proposing a breakdown between ready-to-drink sugar-sweetened beverages and sugar-sweetened beverages that require some preparation before being consumed. With this disaggregation, it is possible to obtain more accurate elasticities for the group of products that will be effectively taxed. We estimated a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) model using the Household Budget Survey 2017-2018 microdata. The results show that ready-to-drink beverages is more consumed but less sensitive to changes in price than prepared beverages. The price elasticity of demand for ready-to-drink and prepared sugar-sweetened beverages was -1.19 and -3.38. Additionally, we observe heterogeneity in these price elasticities across household incomes, with a more elastic demand among lower-income households for ready to drink beverages. The findings suggest that taxing ready-to-drink sweetened beverages could potentially reduce sugar consumption directly through a decrease in the consumption of sugary drinks and this effect could be reinforced by reducing the consumption of other sugar-rich products. Therefore, the taxation police should effective contribute to minimize health risks associated to the sugar consumption.
Assuntos
Bebidas Adoçadas com Açúcar , Brasil , Bebidas , Açúcares , Impostos , Açúcares da Dieta , Elasticidade , ComércioRESUMO
O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os impactos setoriais do Programa Farmácia Popular do Brasil (PFPB) decorrentes da realocação de gastos das famílias, que ocorre com a transferência de renda oriunda do programa. Para tanto, adota-se uma abordagem de equilíbrio geral computável (EGC), de forma a estimar os efeitos gerados pelo programa sobre variáveis macroeconômicas e setoriais. O modelo EGC utilizado para este estudo traz inovações necessárias ao tema em análise, como a desagregação do vetor de consumo das famílias por décimos de renda, e a calibragem do impacto direto do programa, a partir dos gastos das famílias em medicamentos atendidos pelo PFPB. Os principais resultados das simulações apontam para um impacto positivo ao longo de toda a distribuição de renda, elevando, em maior proporção, o bem-estar das famílias dos décimos inferiores quando comparadas àquelas dos décimos superiores de renda.
