A semi-synthetic flavonoid from Bauhinia pulchella stem attenuates inflammatory osteolysis in periodontitis in rats: Impact on cytokine levels, oxidative stress, and RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway.

OBJECTIVES: Many species of theBauhinia genus have been widely used in folk medicine as analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents. (-)-Fisetinidol palmitate is a semi-syntetic flavonoid obtained from the ethanolic extract of the stem of Bauhinia pulchella. This study aimed to evaluate the antiresorptive effect of the semi-syntetic (-)-fisetinidol palmitate in ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. Also, it evaluated the mechanism of action of (-)-fisetinidol palmitate and its toxicity. DESIGN: Periodontitis was inducedvia a nylon thread ligature (3.0) around the second upper left molars. Rats were treated (oral gavage) once a day for 11 days with (-)-fisetinidol palmitate (0.01 or 0.1 mg/kg) or saline vehicle. RESULTS: (-)-Fisetinidol palmitate (0.1 mg/kg) reduced alveolar bone loss, increased bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity; also, it decreased IL1-ß, IL-8/CINC-1, nitrite/nitrate levels and myeloperoxidase activity. (-)-Fisetinidol palmitate reduced the mRNA levels of IL1-ß, IL-6, RANK, and RANK-L, while it increased the OPG ones. No statistical differences (P > 0.05) were observed in the transaminases (ALT, AST) and Total Alkaline Phosphatase (TALP) levels among groups. (-)- CONCLUSIONS: Fisetinidol palmitate did not result in any signs of toxicity and had anti-resorptive effects in a pre-clinical trial of periodontitis, showing antioxidant activity with the involvement of the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway.

Chemical composition, cytotoxicity and larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Vitex gardineriana Schauer / Composición química, citotoxicidad y actividad larvicida contra Aedes aegypti de aceites esenciales de Vitex gardneriana Schauer

Vitex gardneriana Schauer (Lamiaceae) popularly known as "jaramataia", is a shrub commonly found in caatinga biome located in Northeast Brazil. In folk medicine, its leaves have been used as analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents. The chemical composition of the essential oil from leaves obtained by hydrodistillation was analyzed and identified by GC-MS and GC-FID and showing a total of 26 constituents (95.9%) being 2 monoterpenes (0.4%) and 24 sesquiterpenes (95.4%). The main constituents identified were cis-calamenene (29.7%), 6,9-guaiadiene (14.5%) and caryophyllene oxide (14.0%). The essential oil has been demonstrated high larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti (LC50 = 28.0 µg/mL). In the evaluation of the bioassay with Artemia salina the essential oil showed LC50 = 98.11 µg/mL. In addition, the essential oil did not show cytotoxicity (IC50 > 2.50 mg/mL) by the hemolysis assay.

Vitex gardneriana Schauer (Lamiaceae) popularmente conocido como "jaramataia", es un arbusto que se encuentra comúnmente en el bioma de caatinga ubicado en el noreste de Brasil. En medicina popular, sus hojas se han utilizado como analgésicos y agentes antiinflamatorios. La composición química de los aceites esenciales de las hojas obtenidas por hidrodestilación fue analizada e identificada por GC-MS y GC-FID y mostrando un total de 26 constituyentes (95.9%) siendo 2 monoterpenos (0.4%) y 24 sesquiterpenos (95.4%). Los componentes principales fueron cis-calamenene (29.7%), 6,9-guaiadiene (14.5%) y caryophyllene oxide (14.0%). El aceite esencial ha demostrado una alta actividad larvicida contra Aedes aegypti (CL50 = 28.0 µg/mL). En la evaluación del bioensayo con Artemia salina, el aceite esencial demostró CL50 = 98.11 µg/mL. Además, el aceite esencial no mostró citotoxicidad (IC50 > 2.5 mg / mL) mediante el ensayo de hemólisis.

Larvicidal and nematicidal activities of the leaf essential oil of Croton regelianus.

The chemical composition of the leaf essential oil of Croton regelianus collected from wild plants growing in two different sites at Ceará State (Brazil) was analyzed by GC/MS and GC-FID. Twenty monoterpenoids, representing more than 96% of the chemical composition of the oils, were identified and quantified. The oils showed similar chemical composition but considerable variation in the levels of each constituent. Ascaridole (33.9-17.0%), p-cymene (22.3-21.6%), and camphor (13.0-3.1%) were the predominant constituents. The monoterpene ascaridole was isolated and characterized by spectroscopic data. The essential oils and the isolated compounds were tested against Aedes aegypti and Artemia sp. larvae, and the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. The bioassay results show that the essential oil of C. regelianus and ascaridole were moderately active against the M. incognita, but strongly effective against both A. aegypti and Artemia sp. larvae.

Nematicidal and larvicidal activities of the essential oils from aerial parts of Pectis oligocephala and Pectis apodocephala Baker.

The chemical composition of the essential oils from aerial parts of Pectis apodocephala and Pectis oligocephala were analyzed by GC-MS. The essential oils of these species were predominantly constituted by monoterpenes. Geranial (42.9-44.5%), neral (32.2-34.2%) and alpha-pinene (10.7-11.4%) were the main constituents in the oil of P. apodocephala, while p-cymene (50.3-70.9%) and thymol (24.4-44.7%), were the prevalent compounds in the oil of P. oligocephala. The essential oils were tested against the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and Aedes aegypti larvae survival. The results obtained show that both essential oils exhibited significant activity and could be considered as potent natural namaticidal and larvicidal agents.

Nematicidal and larvicidal activities of the essential oils from aerial parts of Pectis oligocephala and Pectis apodocephala Baker

The chemical composition of the essential oils from aerial parts of Pectis apodocephala and Pectis oligocephala were analyzed by GC-MS. The essential oils of these species were predominantly constituted by monoterpenes. Geranial (42.9-44.5 percent), neral (32.2-34.2 percent) and alpha-pinene (10.7-11.4 percent) were the main constituents in the oil of P. apodocephala, while p-cymene (50.3-70.9 percent) and thymol (24.4-44.7 percent), were the prevalent compounds in the oil of P. oligocephala. The essential oils were tested against the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and Aedes aegypti larvae survival. The results obtained show that both essential oils exhibited significant activity and could be considered as potent natural namaticidal and larvicidal agents.

A composição química dos óleos essenciais das partes aéreas de Pectis apodocephala e Pectis oligocephala foi analisada por CG-EM. Os óleos essenciais destas espécies foram predominantemente constituídos por monoterpenos. Geranial (42, 9-44, 5 por cento), neral (32, 2-34, 2 por cento) e alfa-pineno (10, 7-11, 4 por cento) foram os constituintes majoritários no óleo de P. apodocephala, enquanto p-cimeno (50, 3-70, 9 por cento) e timol (24, 4-44, 7 por cento), foram os compostos prevalentes no óleo de P. oligocephala. Ambos os óleos foram testados contra o nematóide Meloidogyne incognita e larvas do mosquito Aedes aegypti no terceiro estágio. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os óleos exibem significante atividade e podem, portanto, ser considerados como potenciais agentes nematicida e larvicida naturais.

Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of the essential oils from Eupatorium betonicaeforme (D.C.) Baker (Asteraceae).

The volatile composition of the essential oils from leaves and roots of Eupatorium betonicaeforme (D.C.) Baker was analyzed by GC-MS. A total of 12 compounds were identified. beta-Caryophyllene (12.4-41.7%), alpha-humulene (11.7-14.6%), gamma-muurolene (10.4-19.0%), bicyclogermacrene (15.0-17.5%), 2,2-dimethyl-6-vinylchroman-4-one (10.3-25.5%), and 2-senecioyl-4-vinylphenol (8.5-41.0%) were the most prominent constituents. The former two compounds were isolated and characterized by spectroscopic data. The essential oils and the isolated compounds were tested against Aedes aegypti larvae survival. The results obtained show that the essential oil from roots and 2,2-dimethyl-6-vinylchroman-4-one (10.3-25.5%) could be considered as natural larvicidal agents.

Complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments for two new monodesmoside saponins from Pentaclethra macroloba (Willd.) Kuntze.

A detailed NMR study and full assignments of the 1H and 13C spectral data for two novel triterpenoid saponins isolated from the stem bark of Pentaclethra macroloba (Willd.) Kuntze are described. Their structures were established using a combination of 1D and 2D NMR techniques including 1H,1H-COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, gs-HMQC and gs-HMBC, and also electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and chemical methods. The structures were established as 3beta-O-([O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-[O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)])-alpha-L-arabinopyranosylhederagenin (1) and 3beta-O-)[O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-[O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)])-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyloleanolic acid (2).