Evaluation of MRI accuracy after primary systemic therapy in breast cancer patients considering tumor biology: optimizing the surgical planning.

Background We analyzed the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after primary systemic therapy (PST) according to tumor subtype. Patients and methods Two-hundred and four breast cancer patients treated with PST were studied. MRI findings after PST were compared with pathologic findings, and results were stratified based on tumor subtype. Results Of the two-hundred and four breast cancer patients, eighty-four (41.2%) achieved a pathologic complete response (pCR) in the breast. The MRI accuracy for predicting pCR was highest in triple-negative (TN) and HER2-positive (non-luminal) breast cancer (83.9 and 80.9%, respectively). The mean size discrepancy between MRI-measured and pathologic residual tumor size was lowest in TN breast cancer and highest in luminal B-like (HER2-negative) breast cancer (0.45cm vs. 0.98 cm, respectively; p = 0.003). After breast conserving surgery (BCS), we found a lower rate of positive margins in TN breast cancer and a higher rate of positive margins in luminal B-like (HER2-negative) breast cancer (2.4% vs. 23.6%, respectively). Conclusions If tumor response after PST is assessed by MRI, tumor subtype should be considered when BCS is planned. The accuracy of MRI is highest in TN breast cancer.

El declive de la linfadenectomía axilar en el cáncer de mama. Evolución de su indicación durante los últimos 20 años / The decline of axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer. Evolution of its indication over the last 20 years

Introducción: En los últimos 20 años los procedimientos de estadificación ganglionar en el cáncer de mama se han modificado. El objetivo de este estudio es describir la evolución de estos procedimientos en nuestro centro. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo observacional que incluye a las mujeres con cáncer de mama intervenidas entre el 2001 y el 2017. Se identificaron 4 grupos según el esquema terapéutico utilizado y 3 periodos a estudio definidos por las indicaciones de la linfadenectomía. Resultados: Mil trescientos diecinueve pacientes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La cirugía conservadora primaria fue el esquema terapéutico más frecuente (54,13%) y se realizaron 615 linfadenectomías axilares (46,62%) durante los 20 años estudiados. El porcentaje de linfadenectomías axilares disminuyó progresivamente en el tiempo, pasando del 91% en el primer periodo al 34% en el último periodo. Las linfadenectomías axilares fútiles descendieron al 6,6% en el último año. En la cirugía conservadora primaria no se realizó ninguna linfadenectomía axilar fútil los 2 últimos años. Conclusión: La introducción de la biopsia de ganglio centinela en 2001 y de los criterios ACOSOG Z0011 han modificado la indicación de la linfadenectomía axilar. Así, se han disminuido las linfadenectomías axilares sin afectación, evitando la morbilidad que asocia este procedimiento, especialmente linfedema. El estudio refleja el descenso progresivo de la indicación de la linfadenectomía en los diferentes grupos a estudio, similar a lo expuesto por otros autores. En diversos ensayos clínicos se ha descrito que estos cambios no han impactado negativamente en supervivencia

Introduction: In last 20 years, lymph node staging procedures in breast cancer have been modified. The objective of this study is to describe the evolution of these procedures at our hospital. Methods: A prospective observational study that included women with breast cancer who were treated surgically between 2001 and 2017. Four groups were identified according to the therapeutic regimen and 3 study periods defined by the lymph node dissection. Results: 1319 patients met the inclusion criteria. Primary conservative surgery was the most frequent therapy (54.13%), and 615 (46.62%) axillary lymph node dissections (ALND) were performed in the 20-year study period. The percentage of ALND decreased progressively over time, going from 91% in the first period to 34% in the last period. The futile ALND fell to 6.6% in the last year. In the primary conservative surgery, no futile ALND was performed in the last two years. Conclusion: The introduction of sentinel lymph node biopsy and the ACOSOG Z0011 criteria have modified the indication for ALND. Thus, ALND without involvement have been reduced, thereby avoiding the associated morbidity. The study demonstrates the progressive decrease in the indication of lymphadenectomy in the different study groups, similar to reports by other authors. Several clinical trials have described that these changes have not negatively impacted survival

The decline of axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer. Evolution of its indication over the last 20 years. / El declive de la linfadenectomía axilar en el cáncer de mama. Evolución de su indicación durante los últimos 20 años.

INTRODUCTION: In last 20 years, lymph node staging procedures in breast cancer have been modified. The objective of this study is to describe the evolution of these procedures at our hospital. METHODS: A prospective observational study that included women with breast cancer who were treated surgically between 2001 and 2017. Four groups were identified according to the therapeutic regimen and 3 study periods defined by the lymph node dissection. RESULTS: 1319 patients met the inclusion criteria. Primary conservative surgery was the most frequent therapy (54.13%), and 615 (46.62%) axillary lymph node dissections (ALND) were performed in the 20-year study period. The percentage of ALND decreased progressively over time, going from 91% in the first period to 34% in the last period. The futile ALND fell to 6.6% in the last year. In the primary conservative surgery, no futile ALND was performed in the last two years. CONCLUSION: The introduction of sentinel lymph node biopsy and the ACOSOG Z0011 criteria have modified the indication for ALND. Thus, ALND without involvement have been reduced, thereby avoiding the associated morbidity. The study demonstrates the progressive decrease in the indication of lymphadenectomy in the different study groups, similar to reports by other authors. Several clinical trials have described that these changes have not negatively impacted survival.

Primary systemic therapy in HER2-positive operable breast cancer using trastuzumab and chemotherapy: efficacy data, cardiotoxicity and long-term follow-up in 142 patients diagnosed from 2005 to 2016 at a single institution.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, cardiotoxicity profile and long-term benefits of neoadjuvant therapy in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive operable breast cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 142 patients diagnosed from 2005 to 2016 were included in the study. The treatment consisted of a sequential regimen of taxanes and anthracyclines plus trastuzumab. The clinical and pathological responses were evaluated and correlated with clinical and biological factors. The cardiotoxicity profile and long-term benefits were analyzed. RESULTS: The median age was 49 years, and 4%, 69% and 27% of patients had stage I, II and III breast cancer, respectively, while 10% had inflammatory breast cancer at diagnosis. Hormone receptor (HR) status was negative in 43%, and 62% had grade III breast cancer. The clinical complete response rate was 49% and 63% as assessed using ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, respectively, and this allowed a high rate of conservative surgery (66%). The pathological complete response (pCR) rate was 52%, and it was higher in HR-negative (64%) patients than in HR-positive (41%) patients and in grade III breast cancer (53%) patients than in grade I-II breast cancer (45%) patients. Patients who achieved pCR had longer disease-free survival and a trend toward improved overall survival. A total of 2% of patients showed a 10% decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction to <50% during treatment. All patients except one recovered after discontinuation of trastuzumab. CONCLUSION: A sequential regimen of taxanes and anthracyclines plus trastuzumab was effective, with high pCR rates and long-term benefit, and had a very good cardiotoxicity profile.

Vehicle Detection with Occlusion Handling, Tracking, and OC-SVM Classification: A High Performance Vision-Based System.

This paper presents a high performance vision-based system with a single static camera for traffic surveillance, for moving vehicle detection with occlusion handling, tracking, counting, and One Class Support Vector Machine (OC-SVM) classification. In this approach, moving objects are first segmented from the background using the adaptive Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). After that, several geometric features are extracted, such as vehicle area, height, width, centroid, and bounding box. As occlusion is present, an algorithm was implemented to reduce it. The tracking is performed with adaptive Kalman filter. Finally, the selected geometric features: estimated area, height, and width are used by different classifiers in order to sort vehicles into three classes: small, midsize, and large. Extensive experimental results in eight real traffic videos with more than 4000 ground truth vehicles have shown that the improved system can run in real time under an occlusion index of 0.312 and classify vehicles with a global detection rate or recall, precision, and F-measure of up to 98.190%, and an F-measure of up to 99.051% for midsize vehicles.

A Novel Algorithm Based on the Pixel-Entropy for Automatic Detection of Number of Lanes, Lane Centers, and Lane Division Lines Formation.

Lane detection for traffic surveillance in intelligent transportation systems is a challenge for vision-based systems. In this paper, a novel pixel-entropy based algorithm for the automatic detection of the number of lanes and their centers, as well as the formation of their division lines is proposed. Using as input a video from a static camera, each pixel behavior in the gray color space is modeled by a time series; then, for a time period τ , its histogram followed by its entropy are calculated. Three different types of theoretical pixel-entropy behaviors can be distinguished: (1) the pixel-entropy at the lane center shows a high value; (2) the pixel-entropy at the lane division line shows a low value; and (3) a pixel not belonging to the road has an entropy value close to zero. From the road video, several small rectangle areas are captured, each with only a few full rows of pixels. For each pixel of these areas, the entropy is calculated, then for each area or row an entropy curve is produced, which, when smoothed, has as many local maxima as lanes and one more local minima than lane division lines. For the purpose of testing, several real traffic scenarios under different weather conditions with other moving objects were used. However, these background objects, which are out of road, were filtered out. Our algorithm, compared to others based on trajectories of vehicles, shows the following advantages: (1) the lowest computational time for lane detection (only 32 s with a traffic flow of one vehicle/s per-lane); and (2) better results under high traffic flow with congestion and vehicle occlusion. Instead of detecting road markings, it forms lane-dividing lines. Here, the entropies of Shannon and Tsallis were used, but the entropy of Tsallis for a selected q of a finite set achieved the best results.

Tratamiento del carcinoma de mama en tejido mamario ectópico axilar / Management of breast carcinoma in ectopic axillary breast tissue

No disponible

Factores de riesgo de afectación de los márgenes quirúrgicos en la cirugía conservadora del cáncer de mama tras quimioterapia neoadyuvante / Risk factors for positive margins in conservative surgery for breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy

INTRODUCCIÓN: La cirugía conservadora de mama tras la quimioterapia neoadyuvante pretende resecar cualquier tumor residual con unos márgenes negativos. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los factores clínico-patológicos preoperatorios que influyen sobre el estado de los márgenes de resección tras la cirugía conservadora en pacientes con cáncer de mama tratadas con quimioterapia neoadyuvante. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de 91 pacientes con cáncer de mama (92 tumores) tratadas con quimioterapia neoadyuvante durante el periodo 2006-2013. Se realizó un análisis de regresión de Cox para identificar las características basales del tumor asociadas con la afectación de los márgenes de resección tras cirugía conservadora de la mama. RESULTADOS: Del total de casos del estudio, 71 tumores se trataron inicialmente mediante cirugía conservadora tras la quimioterapia neoadyuvante. El examen patológico reveló afectación de márgenes en 16 de los 71 casos (22,5%). Se observó una mayor incidencia de márgenes positivos en los tumores con un tamaño inicial superior a 5cm (p = 0,021), en los tumores de bajo grado histológico (p = 0,031) y en los tumores con estatus positivo de los receptores hormonales (p = 0,006). Tras un seguimiento medio de 45,2 meses, 7 de las 71 pacientes tratadas con cirugía conservadora presentaron recidiva de la enfermedad (9,8%). No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la supervivencia libre de enfermedad según el estado de los márgenes quirúrgicos (p = 0,596). CONCLUSIONES: Un tamaño tumoral basal superior a 5cm, el bajo grado tumoral y el estatus positivo de los receptores hormonales incrementan el riesgo para la afectación de los márgenes quirúrgicos en la cirugía conservadora de mama tras quimioterapia neoadyuvante

BACKGROUND: Breast conservative surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy intends to remove any residual tumor with negative margins. The purpose of this study was to analyze the preoperative clinical-pathological factors influencing the margin status after conservative surgery in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: A retrospective study of 91 breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (92 breast lesions) during the period 2006 to 2013. A Cox regression analysis to identify baseline tumor characteristics associated with positive margins after breast conservative surgery was performed. RESULTS: Of all cases, 71 tumors were initially treated with conservative surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Pathologic exam revealed positive margins in 16 of the 71 cases (22.5%). The incidence of positive margins was significantly higher in cancers with initial size > 5 cm (P = .021), in cancers with low tumor grade (P = .031), and in patients with hormone receptor-positive cancer (P = .006). After a median follow-up of 45.2 months, 7 patients of the 71 treated with conservative surgery had disease recurrence (9.8%). There was no significant difference in terms of disease-free survival according to the margin status (P = .596). CONCLUSIONS: A baseline tumor size > 5 cm, low tumor grade and hormone receptor-positive status increase the risk for surgical margin involvement in breast conservative surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Risk factors for positive margins in conservative surgery for breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. / Factores de riesgo de afectación de los márgenes quirúrgicos en la cirugía conservadora del cáncer de mama tras quimioterapia neoadyuvante.

BACKGROUND: Breast conservative surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy intends to remove any residual tumor with negative margins. The purpose of this study was to analyze the preoperative clinical-pathological factors influencing the margin status after conservative surgery in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: A retrospective study of 91 breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (92 breast lesions) during the period 2006 to 2013. A Cox regression analysis to identify baseline tumor characteristics associated with positive margins after breast conservative surgery was performed. RESULTS: Of all cases, 71 tumors were initially treated with conservative surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Pathologic exam revealed positive margins in 16 of the 71 cases (22.5%). The incidence of positive margins was significantly higher in cancers with initial size >5cm (P=.021), in cancers with low tumor grade (P=.031), and in patients with hormone receptor-positive cancer (P=.006). After a median follow-up of 45.2 months, 7 patients of the 71 treated with conservative surgery had disease recurrence (9.8%). There was no significant difference in terms of disease-free survival according to the margin status (P=.596). CONCLUSIONS: A baseline tumor size >5cm, low tumor grade and hormone receptor-positive status increase the risk for surgical margin involvement in breast conservative surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Diagnostic accuracy of MRI to evaluate tumour response and residual tumour size after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: The aim, of the study was to estimate the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessing residual disease in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and to identify the clinico-pathological factors that affect the diagnostic accuracy of breast MRI to determine residual tumour size following NAC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 91 breast cancer patients undergoing NAC (92 breast lesions) were included in the study. Breast MRI was performed at baseline and after completion of NAC. Treatment response was evaluated by MRI and histopathological examination to investigate the ability of MRI to predict tumour response. Residual tumour size was measured on post-treatment MRI and compared with pathology in 89 lesions. Clinicopathological factors were analyzed to compare MRI-pathologic size differences. RESULTS: The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy for diagnosing invasive residual disease by using MRI were 75.00%, 78.57%, 88.89%, 57.89%, and 76.09% respectively. The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) between tumour sizes determined by MRI and pathology was r = 0.648 (p < 0.001). The size discrepancy was significantly lower in cancers with initial MRI size ≤ 5 cm (p = 0.050), in cancers with high tumour grade (p < 0.001), and in patients with hormonal receptor-negative cancer (p = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS: MRI is an accurate tool for evaluating tumour response after NAC. The accuracy of MRI in estimating residual tumour size varies with the baseline MRI tumour size, the tumour grade and the hormonal receptor status.

Concordance between 11C-PIB-PET and clinical diagnosis in a memory clinic.

INTRODUCTION: Today, ligands that bind to fibrillar ß-amyloid are detectable by Positron Emission Tomography (PET) allowing for in vivo visualization for Abeta burden. However, amyloid plaques detection per se does not establish Alzheimer's Disease diagnosis. In this sense, the utility of amyloid imaging to improve clinical diagnosis was settled only for specific clinical scenarios and few studies have assessed amyloid molecular neuroimaging in a broader clinical setting. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of PiB amyloid findings in different diagnostic syndromes grouped into high and low probability pre- test categories, taking into account pre-test clinical assumption of the presence of AD related pathology. METHODS: 144 patients were assigned into categories of high or low pretest probability according to clinical suspicion of AD pathology. The high probability group included: amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), amnestic and other domains MCI, Dementia of Alzheimer's Type (DAT), Posterior Cortical Atrophy (PCA), logopenic Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA), Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and mixed dementia. The low assumption group included: normal controls, non-amnestic MCI, non-logopenic PPA and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD). RESULTS: Only normal controls and DAT patients (typical and atypical presentation) were the most consistent across clinical and molecular diagnostics. MCI, non-logopenic PPA and FTD were the syndromic diagnoses that most discrepancies were found. DISCUSSION: This study demonstrates that detecting in vivo amyloid plaques by molecular imaging is considerably frequent in most of the dementia syndromes and shows that there are frequent discordance between molecular diagnosis and clinical assumption.

Breast hemangiomas: correlation between imaging and pathologic findings.

Hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors that are rare in the breast. A high percentage of hemangiomas are diagnosed incidentally during imaging examinations. They have mammographic, sonographic, and pathologic characteristics that allow radiologists and pathologists to diagnose them. We present four different cases of breast hemangiomas showing their mammographic and sonographic features. Two were diagnosed with an 18-gauge core needle biopsy and they underwent surgical excision. The other two cases were diagnosed with a 14-gauge core needle biopsy and their radiologic and pathologic appearances were concordant with breast hemangiomas, so they did not need surgical excision and are being followed.

Efecto terapéutico de la biomodulina T homeopática con pacientes portadores de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica / Therapeutic effect of homeopathic biomoduline T, on senior adult patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Se realizó un Ensayo Clínico Controlado, fase II, aleatorizado y abierto en el Centro de Investigaciones sobre Longevidad, Envejecimiento y Salud, durante el período comprendido entre el año 2008 y 2009, con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto terapéutico de la Biomodulina T en presentación homeopática, con pacientes adultos mayores portadores de Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica que sufrieran infección respiratoria a repetición. Se incluyó 100 pacientes, que dieron su consentimiento informado. Se distribuyeron en dos grupos: uno, recibió el tratamiento en estudio y el otro, el tratamiento control. La variable principal de respuesta fue la incidencia y severidad de sepsis respiratoria, durante y después del tratamiento. Se utilizó el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 13. La Biomodulina T en presentación homeopática tuvo buen efecto terapéutico en la reducción de infecciones respiratorias, así como en la disminución de las recidivas. Logró mejorar la comorbilidad en estos pacientes y mostró baja frecuencia de aparición de reacciones adversas.

A randomized, open, controlled Phase II Clinical Trial was perfomed at the Center of Investigations about Longevity, Aging and Health, from 2008 to 2009, aimed at assessing the therapeutic effect of Biomoduline T in homeopathic presentation, on senior adult patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and suffering from recurrent respiratory infections. The study involved 100 patients, who gave their consent informed. The patients were equally distributed into two groups, one group received the trial treatment and the other the control treatment. The main response variable was the incidence and severity of respiratory sepsis, during and after the treatment. SPSS v. 13 statistical pack was used. Biomoduline T in homeopathic presentation had a good therapeutic effect on reducing respiratory infections and decreasing the recidives. It did improve the comorbility in these patients and showed low frequency in the apparition of adverse reactions.

Efecto terapéutico de la biomodulina T homeopática con pacientes portadores de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica / Therapeutic effect of homeopathic biomoduline T on senior adult patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Se realizó un Ensayo Clínico Controlado, fase II, aleatorizado y abierto en el Centro de Investigaciones sobre Longevidad, Envejecimiento y Salud, durante el período comprendido entre el año 2008 y 2009, con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto terapéutico de la Biomodulina T en presentación homeopática, con pacientes adultos mayores portadores de Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica que sufrieran infección respiratoria a repetición. Se incluyó 100 pacientes, que dieron su consentimiento informado. Se distribuyeron en dos grupos: uno, recibió el tratamiento en estudio y el otro, el tratamiento control. La variable principal de respuesta fue la incidencia y severidad de sepsis respiratoria, durante y después del tratamiento. Se utilizó el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 13. La Biomodulina T en presentación homeopática tuvo buen efecto terapéutico en la reducción de infecciones respiratorias, así como en la disminución de las recidivas. Logró mejorar la comorbilidad en estos pacientes y mostró baja frecuencia de aparición de reacciones adversas(AU)

A randomized, open, controlled Phase II Clinical Trial was perfomed at the Center of Investigations about Longevity, Aging and Health, from 2008 to 2009, aimed at assessing the therapeutic effect of Biomoduline T in homeopathic presentation, on senior adult patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and suffering from recurrent respiratory infections. The study involved 100 patients, who gave their consent informed. The patients were equally distributed into two groups, one group received the trial treatment and the other the control treatment. The main response variable was the incidence and severity of respiratory sepsis, during and after the treatment. SPSS v. 13 statistical pack was used. Biomoduline T in homeopathic presentation had a good therapeutic effect on reducing respiratory infections and decreasing the recidives. It did improve the comorbility in these patients and showed low frequency in the apparition of adverse reactions(AU)

Benign breast lesions that simulate malignancy: magnetic resonance imaging with radiologic-pathologic correlation.

The typical appearance of benign breast conditions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is well established and diagnosis is usually easy. However, cases of benign breast lesions that are extremely difficult to differentiate from malignant breast tumors are occasionally encountered in MRI of the breast because overlap between benign and malignant lesions characteristics is found. This article describes the MRI features of a variety of suspicious breast conditions that were confirmed to be benign in the histopathologic study. We evaluated both enhancement kinetics and lesion morphological information to differentiate malignant from benign lesions. We also correlated the MRI findings with clinical data, and mammographic, ultrasound, and pathologic findings. Lesions evaluated included benign proliferative breast disease, fibroadenoma, intraductal papilloma, granular cell tumor, pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia, fat necrosis, mastitis, inflammatory granuloma, epidermal inclusion cyst, and benign intramammary lymph node.

[Do the morning peak in blood pressure, age and gender affect the need to change hypertension treatment because of inefficacy?]. / Influyen el pico matutino de la presión arterial, la edad y el sexo en la necesidad de cambio de tratamiento antihipertensivo por ineficacia?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if the timing coincidence of morning rise of arterial blood pressure (BP) and morning turn of clinic BP measurement in our primary healthcare center implies an increased risk of switching antihypertensive drugs because of inefficacy with respect to afternoon staff turn. We also describe age and sex differences. DESIGNAND SETTING: A historical cohort study. We recorded all changes of antihypertensive drugs because of inefficacy of patients of 7 urban primary care clinics during the period from october 1997 to september 1999. MEASUREMENTS: We compared the incidence of changes per 1000 months of prescription of morning and afternoon turns, men and women, older and younger patients than 75 and 65 years old. RESULTS: The mean age of 1152 patients was 69.5 years old. The relation men:women in morning and afternoon turns was similar. Relative risk of switching in morning/afternoon turns was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.61-1.10). Sex and age did not affect the results. If the turn was not considered, younger patients and men had increased risk of being switched. Male adults (< 65 years old) relative risk against female was 1.62 (95% CI, 1.07-2.47). Older patients than 65 year had the RR inverted: RR men/women: 0.78 (95% CI, 0.51-1.21). CONCLUSION: Morning rise of BP did not provoque an increased risk of switching antihypertensive drugs in morning turn with respect to afternoon turn. Male adults had increased risk of switching with respect to women. Older women than 65 years old had more risk than men to be changed.

¿Influyen el pico matutino de la presión arterial, la edad y el sexo en la necesidad de cambio de tratamiento antihipertensivo por ineficacia? / Have morning rise of arterial blood pressure, age and gender any influence on antihypertensive drug switching of because of inefficacy?

Objetivo. Comprobar si la coincidencia del horario de toma de presión arterial (PA) del turno de mañana con el pico matutino de PA supone una necesidad mayor de cambio de fármacos hipotensores por ineficacia respecto al turno de tarde. Analizamos también la influencia de la edad y el género en los cambios de tratamiento globales por ineficacia. Diseño. Estudio de cohorte histórico. Emplazamiento. Siete consultas médicas urbanas de atención primaria. Participantes. Todos los pacientes registrados como hipertensos. Mediciones principales. Revisión de las historias clínicas, registrando los cambios de fármacos hipotensores por ineficacia entre octubre de 1997 y septiembre de 1999. Se comparó la incidencia de cambios por mil meses de prescripción entre el turno de mañana y tarde, entre varones y mujeres y entre mayores y menores de 75 y 65 años. Resultados. La edad media de los 1.152 pacientes fue de 69,5 años, con una distribución por sexo similar en los grupos de mañana y tarde. El riesgo relativo (RR) de cambio del turno de mañana respecto al de tarde fue de 0,82 (IC del 95 por ciento, 0,61-1,10) sin influir la edad y el sexo. Independientemente del turno, los pacientes más jóvenes y los varones tenían más probabilidad de cambiarles el tratamiento. El riesgo era mayor en adultos varones menores de 65 años respecto a mujeres: RR, 1,62 (IC del 95 por ciento, 1,07-2,47). En mayores de 65 años el riesgo se invertía con más cambios en mujeres: RR, 0,78 (IC del 95 por ciento, 0,51-1,21).Conclusiones. El pico matutino de PA no provoca más cambios de tratamiento por ineficacia en los pacientes atendidos en el turno de mañana. En nuestra población se cambia el tratamiento antihipertensivo por ineficacia con más frecuencia a los varones menores de 65 años que a las mujeres, y en mayores de 65 años esta proporción se invierte (AU)