Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/enzimologia , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Glutationa Peroxidase/sangue , Leishmaniose Visceral/veterinária , Superóxido Dismutase/sangue , Animais , Contagem de Células Sanguíneas/veterinária , Intervalos de Confiança , Doenças do Cão/sangue , Cães , Feminino , Leishmaniose Visceral/sangue , Leishmaniose Visceral/enzimologia , Masculino , Valores de ReferênciaAssuntos
Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/farmacologia , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Cavalos/fisiologia , Ramipril/farmacologia , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/administração & dosagem , Animais , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Saúde , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Ramipril/administração & dosagem , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Etanercept is a tumour necrosis factor antagonist with anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of our study was to evaluate, for the first time, the therapeutic efficacy of in vivo inhibition of TNF-alpha in an experimental model of periodontitis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Periodontitis was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats by placing a nylon thread ligature around the lower 1st molars. Etanercept was administered at a dose of 5 mg kg-1, s.c., after placement of the ligature. KEY RESULTS: Periodontitis in rats resulted in an inflammatory process characterized by oedema, neutrophil infiltration and cytokine production that was followed by the recruitment of other inflammatory cells, production of a range of inflammatory mediators, tissue damage, apoptosis and disease. Treatment of the rats with etanercept (5 mg kg-1, s.c., after placement of the ligature) significantly reduced the degree of (1) periodontitis inflammation and tissue injury (histological score), (2) infiltration of neutrophils (MPO evaluation), (3) iNOS (the expression of nitrotyrosine and cytokines (eg TNF-alpha)) and (4) apoptosis (Bax and Bcl-2 expression). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that treatment with etanercept reduces the development of inflammation and tissue injury, events associated with periodontitis.
Assuntos
Imunoglobulina G/uso terapêutico , Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Periodontite/tratamento farmacológico , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/uso terapêutico , Animais , Apoptose , Etanercepte , Imunoglobulina G/farmacologia , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Infiltração de Neutrófilos , Periodontite/fisiopatologia , RatosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In Tuscany, Tuberculosis incidence is more than triplicate from 1982 to the beginning of the third millennium. The impact of this trend on open population is not known, as updated studies on Tuberculosis prevalence are not available. Tuberculin skin test provides the currently most widely used tool for assessing Tuberculosis transmission in a community and the prevalence of infection as well. The objective of this investigation was the evaluation of tuberculin index by means of the Mantoux test in adolescents eighteen-years old. RESULTS: The study was carried out in 21 secondary schools of Siena and its Province; 1,138 students participated to this survey. The overall prevalence of subjects with a skin reaction size > 5 mm was 1.6%; if the standard cut-off of 10 mm was used, the overall prevalence of a positive skin reaction was 0.4%. Risk factors for a doubtful or positive reaction were previous immunization with BCG and migration from high-endemicity countries. DISCUSSION: In Italy, studies on tuberculin index in young adults are scanty and controversial: our results show a very low Tuberculosis prevalence and an epidemiological pattern typical of countries with low Tuberculosis endemicity. CONCLUSIONS: The slightly increase in Tuberculosis incidence has no impact on the prevalence of latent Tuberculosis infection on our geographical area. We conclude that skin-test screening for Tuberculosis should be addressed to high risk population as migrants from Countries reporting high transmission rate, those recently exposed to an infectious case and health-workers.
Assuntos
Mycobacterium tuberculosis/imunologia , Teste Tuberculínico , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Itália/epidemiologia , Masculino , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Prevalência , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Tuberculose/diagnósticoAssuntos
Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Doenças do Gato/parasitologia , Ehrlichia canis/isolamento & purificação , Ehrlichiose/epidemiologia , Ehrlichiose/veterinária , Leishmania infantum/isolamento & purificação , Leishmaniose Cutânea/veterinária , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Gatos , DNA de Protozoário/química , DNA de Protozoário/genética , Ehrlichiose/microbiologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida Felina/sangue , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo/veterinária , Itália/epidemiologia , Leishmania infantum/genética , Leishmaniose Cutânea/epidemiologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/parasitologia , Leucemia Felina , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
We report here the results of a retrospective study carried out on 200 tuberculosis cases admitted to the Hospital of Siena during the period 1994-2003. For each case, epidemiological, clinical and microbiological data were collected in order to analyze the trend of tuberculosis over the years and to compare our experience with similar studies. Indigenous patients were significantly older than immigrants (60.1 vs 34.2 yrs) more frequently affected by underlying chronic diseases. Overcrowding and HIV infection were predisposing conditions in 30 subjects (15% of cases) recently arrived from high endemicity countries. Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) was diagnosed in 71% of cases, irrespective of origin. The death rate was 5%. Microbiological investigation was positive in 74.4% of examined subjects; 9.8% of isolates were resistant to one or more antituberculous drugs. The number of cases admitted to the Hospital seems to have slowly decreased in the last few years; factors that may influence this trend are discussed. Our results confirm a distinct epidemiological pattern of the disease between indigenous patients and immigrants, which is typical of low-endemicity countries. The delay in the diagnosis and management of the disease observed in this case-series report underlines the need to improve information on TB and skill in treatment, and to maintain specialized centres.