Environmental health of water bodies from a Brazilian Amazon Metropolis based on a conventional and metagenomic approach.

AIMS: The present study aimed to use a conventional and metagenomic approach to investigate the microbiological diversity of water bodies in a network of drainage channels and rivers located in the central area of the city of Belém, northern Brazil, which is considered one of the largest cities in the Brazilian Amazon. METHODS AND RESULTS: In eight of the analyzed points, both bacterial and viral microbiological indicators of environmental contamination-physical-chemical and metals-were assessed. The bacterial resistance genes, drug resistance mechanisms, and viral viability in the environment were also assessed. A total of 473 families of bacteria and 83 families of viruses were identified. Based on the analysis of metals, the levels of three metals (Cd, Fe, and Mn) were found to be above the recommended acceptable level by local legislation. The levels of the following three physicochemical parameters were also higher than recommended: biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity. Sixty-three bacterial resistance genes that conferred resistance to 13 different classes of antimicrobials were identified. Further, five mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance were identified and viral viability in the environment was confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: Intense human actions combined with a lack of public policies and poor environmental education of the population cause environmental degradation, especially in water bodies. Thus, urgent interventions are warranted to restore the quality of this precious and scarce asset worldwide.

Agar dehydration: a simple method for long-term storage of Acanthamoeba spp. collection at room temperature.

This study describes dehydration of agar containing cysts as a novel and inexpensive method for long-term storage of Acanthamoeba spp. collections at room temperature. Five hundred microliters of axenically cultured Acanthamoeba spp. trophozoites (106 cells/mL) in PYG media or 150 µl of amoeba suspension (106 cells or cysts/mL) from monoxenic plate culture was spread onto the surface of non-nutritive agar (NNA, 2-3-mm thick) without or with a layer of heat-inactivated Escherichia coli, respectively. The plates were sealed and incubated at 30 °C. After the encystment, the Parafilm® was removed, and the plates were kept at the same temperature until the NNA was completely dehydrated. The dehydrated cyst-containing NNA was cut in rectangles and stored in airtight tubes at room temperature for up to 3 years. Cyst viability was assessed by inoculating them in fresh NNA with a layer of E. coli and in PYG followed by incubation at 30 °C. One hundred percent of samples from all specimens (19) stored over the 3 years allowed new cultures to be re-established; however, two strains showed reduced viability, at 66.7% and 62.5%, after 2 years of room temperature storage. One hundred percent of the cyst samples produced axenically and maintained in dry NNA allowed the re-establishment of axenic cultures through direct incubation in PYG, with excystment occurring within 24 or 48 h. For the first time, we report the dehydration of cyst-containing agar as an economical and effective method for the long-term storage of Acanthamoeba spp. collections at room temperature. It enables the creation of large collections using reduced space and economical transport of Acanthamoeba strains, in addition to allowing better organization of the collection.

Association between Contextual Factors and Affordances in the Home Environment of Infants Exposed to Poverty.

Home environments of infants exposed to poverty exhibit fewer affordances for child development. This study aimed to investigate the association between contextual factors and affordances in the home environments of infants facing poverty. Term infants (n = 128) were divided into two groups: (1) exposed group (EG), comprising term infants exposed to poverty, and (2) comparison group (CG), consisting of term infants classified with medium and high socio-economic status. The main dependent variables were physical space, variety of stimulation, gross and fine motor toys, and the total score; measured using the Brazilian version of the Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development-Infant Scale (AHEMD-IS) questionnaire, named Affordances no Ambiente Domiciliar para o Desenvolvimento Motor-Escala Bebê. Statistical analysis employed independent sample t-tests or Mann-Whitney tests, chi-square tests, and stepwise multiple linear regression models to evaluate predictors of less adequate home environments. The EG presented significantly fewer affordances in gross motor toys (Cohen's r = 0.353; p < 0.01); fine motor toys (Cohen's r = 0.327; p < 0.01); and total score (Cohen's r = 0.377; p < 0.01). Binary logistic regression analysis showed a significant association (r2 = 0.828, p < 0.01) between the less than adequate home environment category and maternal age (p = 0.043, OR: 0.829 (0.692-0.994)), revealing that maternal age was associated with better quantity and quality of affordances for child development.

Global prevalence of free-living amoebae in solid matrices - A systematic review with meta-analysis.

The ubiquitous free-living amoebae (FLA) are microorganisms of significant medical, sanitary, and ecological importance. However, their characterization within solid matrices such as soil, dust, sediment, mud, sludge, and compost remain to be systematized. In this study, we conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to explore the global distribution of FLA in solid matrices. From the analysis of 104 out of 4,414 scientific articles retrieved from different databases, it was found that the general global prevalence of FLA in solid matrices was of 55.13% (95% confidence interval (CI) 49.32-60.94). Specifically, FLA prevalence was high in soil (72.40%, 95% CI 69.08-75.73), sediment (57.91%, 95% CI 50.01-65.81), mud (52.90%, 95% CI 24.01-81.78), dust (48.60%, 95% CI 43.00-54.19), and sewage sludge (40.19%, 95% CI 30.68-49.70). In aerosols it was comparatively lower (17.21%, 95% CI 12.76-21.66). Acanthamoeba spp. (52.23%) and Hartmanella/Vermamoeba spp. (36.06%) were found to be more prevalent, whereas Naegleria spp. (34.98%) and Balamuthia spp. (27.32%) were less prevalent. The distribution of the highest global prevalence values for species of Acanthamoeba spp., considering different publication periods of the studies, is as follows: A. hatchetti (51.46%), A. rhysodes (47.49%), A. polyphaga (36.37%), A. culbertsoni (34.31%), A. castellanii (34.21%), and A. lenticulata (32.82%). For other FLA species, the distribution is: Hartmannella/Vermamoeba vermiformis (91.57%), Naegleria fowleri (42.32%), Naegleria gruberi (32.39%), and Balamuthia mandrillaris (25%). The most prevalent Acanthamoeba genotypes were T4 (33.38%) and T3 (23.94%). Overall, the global prevalence of FLA in solid matrices is as high as or greater than that reported in water by previous systematic reviews. Thus, actions aimed at reducing exposure to FLA or exploring their ecological dynamics should consider not only water but also the various solid matrices. The finding outlined here can provide valuable insights for such actions, e.g., informing on the level of exposure to FLA, or on the microbial biodiversity of specific environmental compartments.

First report of free-living amoebae in watercourses in southern Brazil: molecular diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of Vermamoeba vermiformis, Naegleria gruberi, and Acanthamoeba spp.

Free-living amoebae (FLA) are protozoa dispersed in different environments and are responsible for different infections caused to humans and other animals. Microorganisms such as Acanthamoeba spp., Vermamoeba sp., and Naegleria sp. are associated with diseases that affect the central nervous system, in addition to skin infections and keratitis, as occurs in the genus Acanthamoeba and with Vermamoeba vermiformis. Due to the concerns of these FLA in anthropogenic aquatic environments, this work aimed to identify these microorganisms present in waters of Porto Alegre, Brazil. One litre sample was collected in two watercourses during the summer of 2022 and inoculated onto non-nutrient agar plates containing heat-inactivated Escherichia coli. Polymerase chain reaction results indicated the presence of FLA of the genera Acanthamoeba, Vermamoeba, and Naegleria in the study areas. Genetic sequencing indicated the presence of V. vermiformis and Naegleria gruberi. These aquatic and anthropogenic environments can serve as a means of spread and contamination by FLA, which gives valuable information on public health in the city.

Yoga for COVID-19: An ancient practice for a new condition - A literature review.

A substantial proportion of people with acute COVID-19 develop post-COVID-19 condition (previously known as long-COVID) characterized by symptoms that persist for months after the initial infection, including neuropsychological sequelae. Post-COVID-19 condition frequency varies greatly according to different studies, with values ranging from 4 to 80% of the COVID-19 patients. Yoga is a psycho-somatic approach that increases physical, mental, emotional and spiritual strength, and connection. Yoga practice enhances innate immunity and mental health, so it can be used as complementary therapy in the COVID-19 treatment, namely the post-COVID-19 condition. In this article, we conducted a literature review on yoga and COVID-19, finding that an intervention comprising asana, pranayama, and meditation may be a strategy of choice for these patients' recovery. However, further studies are needed to show its effectiveness in this, still unknown, context.

O cuidado à criança no contexto prisional: percepções dos profissionais de saúde / Child care in the prison context: perceptions of health professionals

RESUMO Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, com abordagem etnográfica realizado com 15 profissionais de saúde do sistema prisional, por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, organizadas e tratadas pelo software Nvivo 12, e efetuada análise de conteúdo na modalidade análise temática. A pesquisa relevou três categorias temáticas: 'Os cuidados cotidianos à criança na prisão'; 'Os cuidados de manutenção nas intercorrências infantis'; e 'Os desafios para prestação dos cuidados à criança no cárcere'. Na prisão, portanto, o cuidado à criança se torna um desafio para o profissional de saúde, devido à falta de estrutura física, à escassez de insumos materiais, ambiente de violência e à tensão que influenciam na prestação do cuidado integral à criança que vive no contexto do cárcere materno. Por isso, faz-se necessária a implementação da Política Nacional de Atenção à Saúde da Criança no Sistema Único de Saúde com desenvolvimento de ações que favoreçam a melhoria do cuidado à criança em consonância com a Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde das Pessoas Privadas de Liberdade no Sistema Prisional.

ABSTRACT This is a qualitative study, with an ethnographic approach, conducted with 15 health professionals from the prison system, through semi-structured interviews, organized and treated by the software Nvivo 12, and performed content analysis in thematic analysis mode. The research revealed three thematic categories: Daily care for children in prison; Maintenance care in child intercurrences; and Challenges for providing care to children in prison. In prison, child care becomes a challenge for the health professional, due to the lack of physical structure, scarcity of material inputs, an environment of violence and tension that influence the provision of comprehensive care to children living in the context of maternal prison. Therefore, it is necessary to implement the National Policy for Child Health Care in the Unified Health System with the development of actions that favor the improvement of child care in line with the National Policy for Comprehensive Health Care of Persons Deprived of Liberty in the Prison System.

Occurrence of Naegleria fowleri and their implication for health - a look under the One Health approaches.

One Health approaches are becoming increasingly necessary in the world we live in. Human beings, animals, plants and the environment are intrinsically interconnected and when some intervention occurs, mainly through the action of man himself, everyone suffers the consequences. The objective of this review was to collect data about the occurrence and dispersion of Naegleria fowleri, an amphizoic free-living amoeba, and its implications for health approaches through the One Health concept. N. fowleri is an opportunistic amoeba, better known as brain-eating amoeba, which causes Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis. This amoeba is widely distributed around the world, being isolated from different matrices of natural or anthropogenic environments with temperatures above 30 °C with an upper limit of 45-46 °C. Highly lethal, it has claimed numerous humans patients and only five people have survived the disease so far. Our results indicate that climate change plays a major role in the growth and dispersion of the pathogen in the environment, causing damage to humans and animals. Changes in temperature, antimicrobial resistance, possible transport of other microorganisms by the amoeba, conventional treatments with chlorination, among others, were addressed in our study and should be considered in order to raise questions and possible solutions to this problem that involves health as a whole. The diagnostic methods, prospection of new anti-Naegleria drugs and the control of this parasite in the environment are specific and urgent issues. We know that the human-animal-plants-environment spheres are inseparable, so it is necessary to turn a directed look at the One Health approaches related to N. fowleri.

Batata-doce em dietas para juvenis de tilápia em substituição parcial ao farelo de milho: uma análise econômica e de variáveis zootécnicas / Sweet potato in diets for tilapia juveniles in partial replacement to corn bran: An economic analysis and zootechnical variables

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho e a viabilidade econômica da substituição parcial do farelo de milho pela farinha de batata-doce, para averiguar se é viável ou não a inclusão nas rações para tilápia. O experimento teve duração de 30 dias entre os meses de maio e junho de 2021 em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com 4 tratamentos e 5 repetições. Entre os 4 tratamentos propostos, 3 eram compostos por diferentes níveis de substituição do farelo de milho pela farinha de batata-doce nas rações experimentais (0,0%; 5,0% e 10,0%) e um composto pela ração comercial (tratamento controle). Ao todo foram utilizados 300 peixes com peso inicial aproximado de 9,10 ± 1,48 g, sendo a unidade experimental representada por 15 peixes em um aquário de 100 litros. Foi constatado que o farelo de milho pode ser substituído pela farinha de batata-doce até o nível mais alto avaliado, que foi de 10% de substituição na ração experimental para tilápia, pois superou a ração comercial, apresentando menor custo e sem afetar o desempenho dos animais.

The objective was to evaluate the performance and economic viability of partial replacement of corn bran by sweet potato flour, in order to determine whether or not its inclusion in tilapia diets is feasible. The experiment lasted 30 days between May and June 2021 in a completely randomized experimental design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. Among the 4 proposed treatments, 3 consisted of different levels of replacement of corn bran by sweet potato flour in the experimental diets (0.0%; 5.0% and 10.0%) and one consisted of the commercial diet (control treatment). A total of 300 fish with an approximate initial weight of 9.10 ± 1.48 g were used, with the experimental unit represented by 15 fish in a 100-liter aquarium. It was found that corn bran can be replaced by sweet potato flour up to the highest level evaluated, which was 10% replacement in the experimental feed for tilapia, as it surpassed the commercial feed, with lower cost and without affecting performance. of the animals.

Protocolo de assistência de enfermagem ao paciente em cuidado terminal: Construção através de revisão integrativa / Protocolo de asistencia de enfermería para pacientes en cuidados terminales: Construcción mediante revisión integrativa / Nursing assistance protocol for patients in terminal care: Construction through integrative review

Objetivo: Construir protocolo de enfermagem para o manejo de pacientes em terminalidade. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa da literatura, utilizando as bases de dados da BVS, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Embase e PUBMED, sem limites cronológicos, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Resultados: Os diagnósticos de enfermagem da classificação NANDA 2021-2023 mais prevalentes pertenciam ao domínio atividade/repouso, seguidos pelo domínio enfrentamento/tolerância ao estresse e segurança/proteção. Para cada diagnóstico prevalente estabeleceu-se intervenções de enfermagem, plausíveis no contexto de terminalidade. Conclusão: O protocolo de assistência de enfermagem ao paciente em cuidado terminal é um importante ponto de partida para se estabelecer condutas de enfermagem e fomentar a prática assistencial aos pacientes em terminalidade.(AU)

Objective: To build a nursing protocol for the management of terminally ill patients. Methodology: Integrative literature review, using the VHL, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Embase and PUBMED databases, without chronological limits, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Results: The most prevalent NANDA 2021-2023 classification nursing diagnoses belonged to the activity/rest domain, followed by the coping/stress tolerance and safety/protection domains. For each prevalent diagnosis, plausible nursing interventions were established in the context of terminality. Conclusion: The nursing care protocol for terminally ill patients is an important starting point for establishing nursing behaviors and fostering care practice for terminally ill patients(AU)

Objetivo: Construir un protocolo de enfermería para el manejo de pacientes terminales. Metodología: Revisión integrativa de la literatura, utilizando las bases de datos BVS, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Embase y PUBMED, sin límites cronológicos, en portugués, inglés y español. Resultados: Los diagnósticos de enfermería de la clasificación NANDA 2021-2023 más prevalentes pertenecieron al dominio actividad/descanso, seguido por los dominios afrontamiento/tolerancia al estrés y seguridad/protección. Para cada diagnóstico prevalente, se establecieron intervenciones de enfermería plausibles en el contexto de la terminalidad. Conclusión: El protocolo de atención de enfermería al paciente terminal es un importante punto de partida para establecer comportamientos de enfermería y fomentar la práctica del cuidado al paciente terminal.(AU)

Prevalence of free-living amoebae in swimming pools and recreational waters, a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Free-living amoebae (FLA) are cosmopolitan microorganisms known to be pathogenic to humans who often have a history of contact with contaminated water. Swimming pools and recreational waters are among the environments where the greatest human exposure to FLA occurs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of FLA in swimming pools and recreational waters, through a systematic review and meta-analysis that included studies published between 1977 and 2022. A total of 106 studies were included and an overall prevalence of FLA in swimming pools and recreational waters of 44.34% (95% CI = 38.57-50.18) was found. Considering the studies published up to 2010 (1977-2010), between 2010 and 2015, and those published after 2010 (> 2010-2022), the prevalence was 53.09% (95% CI = 43.33-62.73) and 37.07% (95% CI = 28.87-45.66) and 45.40% (95% CI = 35.48-55.51), respectively. The highest prevalence was found in the American continent (63.99%), in Mexico (98.35%), and in indoor hot swimming pools (52.27%). The prevalence varied with the variation of FLA detection methods, morphology (57.21%), PCR (25.78%), and simultaneously morphology and PCR (43.16%). The global prevalence by genera was Vahlkampfia spp. (54.20%), Acanthamoeba spp. (33.47%), Naegleria spp. (30.95%), Hartmannella spp./Vermamoeba spp. (20.73%), Stenamoeba spp. (12.05%), and Vannella spp. (10.75%). There is considerable risk of FLA infection in swimming pools and recreational waters. Recreational water safety needs to be routinely monitored and, in case of risk, locations need to be identified with warning signs and users need to be educated. Swimming pools and artificial recreational water should be properly disinfected. Photolysis of NaOCl or NaCl in water by UV-C radiation is a promising alternative to disinfect swimming pools and artificial recreational waters.

Clinical and molecular diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis in contact lens wearers in southern Brazil reveals the presence of an endosymbiont.

Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is an infection that is mostly observed in contact lens wearers. It is often misdiagnosed causing delays in the administration of the correct treatment. The aim of this study was to report the outcome of clinical and molecular diagnosis of AK cases during the summer of 2019 in the southern region of Brazil. Three suspected cases of AK were discovered after an ophthalmic examination at a public hospital in the city of Porto Alegre. These cases were then confirmed through laboratory diagnosis (cell culture and molecular analysis by PCR and sequencing). In each of the three clinical sample cell cultures of corneal scraping and molecular analysis confirmed the presence of Acanthamoeba spp., all belonging to the morphological group II and to the genotype T4, which is the most common genotype associated with AK. In addition, Acanthamoeba spp. isolated from one of the clinical samples was found to harbor the Candidatus Paracaedibacter acanthamoeba, a bacterial endosymbiont. The presence of Ca. Paracaedibacter acanthamoeba in clinical isolates requires further research to reveal its possible role in the pathogenicity of Acanthamoeba infections.

Diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem em crianças com transtorno do espectro autista: perspectiva para o autocuidado / Diagnósticos e intervenciones de enfermería en niños con trastorno del espectro autista: perspectiva para el autocuidado / Nursing diagnoses and interventions in children with autism spectrum disorder: perspective for self-care

Objetivo: descrever os diagnósticos e as intervenções de enfermagem em crianças com transtorno do espectro autista fundamentados em taxonomias de enfermagem e na teoria do autocuidado. Método: estudo exploratório e descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa com 11 crianças e embasado na aplicação do processo de enfermagem. Utilizou-se taxonomia International Nursing Diagnoses: definitions and classification, para definição dos diagnósticos de enfermagem, a teoria do autocuidado e as recomendações da Nursing Interventions Classification para planejamento das intervenções. Resultados: isolamento social, falta de motivação e dependência para execução de atividades constituíram os principais problemas levantados. As afirmativas diagnósticas que possibilitaram a estruturação de 27 intervenções de enfermagem, compreenderam o déficit no autocuidado para alimentação, banho e higiene íntima; o isolamento social; e a disposição para melhora do autocuidado. Considerações finais: a capacidade para o autocuidado esteve comprometida, requerendo estratégias de enfermagem efetivas voltadas para a criança e para os familiares.

Objetivo: describir diagnósticos e intervenciones de enfermería en niños con trastorno del espectro autista basados en taxonomías de enfermería y teoría del autocuidado. Método: estudio exploratorio y descriptivo, con abordaje cualitativo con 11 niños y basado en la aplicación del proceso de enfermería. International Nursing Diagnoses: se utilizó la taxonomía de definitions and classification para definir los diagnósticos de enfermería, la teoría del autocuidado y las recomendaciones de Nursing Interventions Classification para la planificación de la intervención. Resultados: el aislamiento social, la falta de motivación y la dependencia para realizar actividades fueron los principales problemas planteados. Las declaraciones diagnósticas que permitieron la estructuración de 27 intervenciones de enfermería comprendieron el déficit en el autocuidado de la alimentación, el baño y la higiene íntima; aislamiento social; y la voluntad de mejorar el autocuidado. Consideraciones finales: la capacidad de autocuidado se vio comprometida, requiriendo estrategias de enfermería efectivas dirigidas al niño y a los miembros de la familia.

Objective: to describe nursing diagnoses and interventions in children with autism spectrum disorder based on nursing taxonomies and self-care theory. Method: exploratory and descriptive study, with a qualitative approach with 11 children and based on the application of the nursing process. International Nursing Diagnoses: definitions and classification taxonomy was used to define nursing diagnoses, self-care theory and nursing interventions classification recommendations for intervention planning. Results: social isolation, lack of motivation and dependence to perform activities were the main problems raised. The diagnostic statements that allowed the structuring of 27 nursing interventions comprised the deficit in self-care for food, bathing and intimate hygiene; social isolation; and the willingness to improve self-care. Final considerations: the capacity for self-care was compromised, requiring effective nursing strategies aimed at the child and family members.

Narrativas de vida de mulheres assentadas rurais durante a pandemia de Covid-19 / Life narratives of women in rural settlements during the Covid-19 pandemic / Narrativas de vida de las mujeres de asentamientos rurales durante la pandemia de Covid-19

Objetivo: refletir sobre a produção de material etnográfico, a partir de narrativas de 19 mulheres de assentamentos rurais, durante a pandemia de Covid-19, utilizando o método qualitativo narrativa de vida. Conteúdo: o material obtido nos registros do diário de campo propiciou, em sua análise, a reflexão sobre os diferentes aspectos de vulnerabilidade das mulheres assentadas. As soluções para o cuidado e manutenção da saúde, incluem ajuda mútua, utilização de conhecimentos tradicionais e populares e utilização dos equipamentos de saúde dos municípios onde vivem. Considerações finais: a utilização de recursos tecnológicos para conduzir as entrevistas com as participantes permitiu contornar o distanciamento social imposto pela pandemia. A compreensão das histórias de vida e experiências de cuidado na pandemia revelou a vulnerabilidade social desse grupo e a necessidade de maior acolhimento da enfermagem às suas demandas na rede de atenção à saúde.

Objective: to reflect on the ethnographic material produced on the basis of the narratives of 19 women living in rural settlements during the Covid-19 pandemic, using the qualitative life story method. Content: analysis of the material obtained from field diary records provided food for thought on various aspects of the vulnerability of women in settlements. Their health care and health maintenance solutions included mutual help, as well as using both traditional and popular knowledge, and the health facilities in the towns where they lived. Final considerations: digital communication tools made it possible to conduct interviews at a distance, bypassing the social distancing imposed by the pandemic. Understanding their life stories and care experiences in the pandemic revealed this group's social vulnerability and the need for nursing care services to be more receptive to their demands in the healthcare system.

Objetivo: reflexionar sobre la producción de material etnográfico, desde narrativas de 19 mujeres de asentamientos rurales, durante la pandemia Covid-19, utilizando el método cualitativo de los relatos de vida. Contenido: el material obtenido de los registros del diario de campo propició, en su análisis, la reflexión sobre diferentes aspectos de vulnerabilidad de las mujeres asentadas. Las soluciones para el cuidado y el mantenimiento de la salud incluyen ayuda mutua, uso de conocimientos tradicionales y populares y utilización de equipos de salud en los municipios donde habitan. Consideraciones finales: el uso de recursos tecnológicos para la realización de entrevistas junto a las participantes permitió superar la distancia social impuesta por la pandemia. La comprensión de las historias de vida y de las experiencias de cuidado en la pandemia reveló la vulnerabilidad social de este grupo y la necesidad de un acogimiento de enfermería más receptivo a sus demandas en la red de atención a la salud.

Narrativas de vida de mulheres assentadas rurais durante a pandemia de Covid-19 / Narrativas de vida de las mujeres de asentamientos rurales durante la pandemia de Covid-19 / Life narratives of women in rural settlements during the Covid-19 pandemic

RESUMO Objetivo refletir sobre a produção de material etnográfico, a partir de narrativas de 19 mulheres de assentamentos rurais, durante a pandemia de Covid-19, utilizando o método qualitativo narrativa de vida. Conteúdo o material obtido nos registros do diário de campo propiciou, em sua análise, a reflexão sobre os diferentes aspectos de vulnerabilidade das mulheres assentadas. As soluções para o cuidado e manutenção da saúde, incluem ajuda mútua, utilização de conhecimentos tradicionais e populares e utilização dos equipamentos de saúde dos municípios onde vivem. Considerações finais a utilização de recursos tecnológicos para conduzir as entrevistas com as participantes permitiu contornar o distanciamento social imposto pela pandemia. A compreensão das histórias de vida e experiências de cuidado na pandemia revelou a vulnerabilidade social desse grupo e a necessidade de maior acolhimento da enfermagem às suas demandas na rede de atenção à saúde.

RESUMEN Objetivo reflexionar sobre la producción de material etnográfico, desde narrativas de 19 mujeres de asentamientos rurales, durante la pandemia Covid-19, utilizando el método cualitativo de los relatos de vida. Contenido el material obtenido de los registros del diario de campo propició, en su análisis, la reflexión sobre diferentes aspectos de vulnerabilidad de las mujeres asentadas. Las soluciones para el cuidado y el mantenimiento de la salud incluyen ayuda mutua, uso de conocimientos tradicionales y populares y utilización de equipos de salud en los municipios donde habitan. Consideraciones finales el uso de recursos tecnológicos para la realización de entrevistas junto a las participantes permitió superar la distancia social impuesta por la pandemia. La comprensión de las historias de vida y de las experiencias de cuidado en la pandemia reveló la vulnerabilidad social de este grupo y la necesidad de un acogimiento de enfermería más receptivo a sus demandas en la red de atención a la salud.

ABSTRACT Objective to reflect on the ethnographic material produced on the basis of the narratives of 19 women living in rural settlements during the Covid-19 pandemic, using the qualitative life story method. Content analysis of the material obtained from field diary records provided food for thought on various aspects of the vulnerability of women in settlements. Their health care and health maintenance solutions included mutual help, as well as using both traditional and popular knowledge, and the health facilities in the towns where they lived. Final considerations digital communication tools made it possible to conduct interviews at a distance, bypassing the social distancing imposed by the pandemic. Understanding their life stories and care experiences in the pandemic revealed this group's social vulnerability and the need for nursing care services to be more receptive to their demands in the healthcare system.

Direitos da criança hospitalizada: percepção da equipe de enfermagem / Rights of hospitalized children: perception of the nursing team

Objetivo: Apreender a percepção da equipe de enfermagem sobre os direitos da criança hospitalizada. Método: Estudo qualitativo exploratório com 13 profissionais de enfermagem em unidade pediátrica de um hospital universitário em Salvador-BA. A coleta de dados ocorreu em novembro de 2018, através de entrevista semi-estruturada. Foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo de Bardin. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: As categorias foram: cumprimento das obrigações legais; garantia do cuidado integral e humanizado; Implementação das ações relacionadas ao tratamento e segurança do paciente; desconhecimento dos direitos da criança hospitalizada. Conclusão: Os profissionais conhecem parcialmente ou desconhecem os direitos infantis, sendo necessário empenho para capacitação dos profissionais e gestores. (AU)

Objective: To apprehend the perception of the nursing team about the rights of hospitalized children. Methods: Qualitative exploratory study with 13 nursing professionals in a pediatric unit of a university hospital in Salvador-BA. Data collection took place in November 2018, through semi-structured interviews. Bardin's content analysis was used. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results: The categories were: compliance with legal obligations; guarantee of comprehensive and humanized care; Implementation of actions related to treatment and patient safety; ignorance of the rights of hospitalized children. Conclusion: Professionals partially know or are unaware of children's rights, requiring efforts to train professionals and managers. (AU)

Objetivo: Aprehender la percepción del equipo de enfermería sobre los derechos de los niños hospitalizados. Metodos: Estudio exploratorio cualitativo con 13 profesionales de enfermería en una unidad pediátrica de un hospital universitario en Salvador-BA. La recopilación de datos tuvo lugar en noviembre de 2018, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se utilizó el análisis de contenido de Bardin. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultados: Las categorías fueron: cumplimiento de obligaciones legales; garantía de atención integral y humanizada; Implementación de acciones relacionadas con el tratamiento y la seguridad del paciente; ignorancia de los derechos de los niños hospitalizados. Conclusión: los profesionales conocen parcialmente o desconocen los derechos del niño, lo que requiere esfuerzos para capacitar a profesionales y gerentes. (AU)

Naegleria fowleri-associated meningoencephalitis in a cow in Southern Brazil-first molecular detection of N. fowleri in Brazil.

Naegleria fowleri, a free-living and thermophilic ameba, is the etiological agent of primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). PAM is a rare and highly fatal neurologic disease in humans, and has been rarely documented in animal species. This report describes the pathological and etiological findings of a fatal case of N. fowleri-associated meningoencephalitis in a cow in Southern Brazil. Microscopic findings were consistent with severe, multifocal, hemorrhagic, and necrosuppurative meningoencephalitis associated with a large number of amebic trophozoites compatible with N. fowleri. Brain samples subjected to molecular assays generated a 315 bp fragment, which presented 99% identity with a N. fowleri sequence previously deposited in GenBank. This is the first study reporting the molecular detection of N. fowleri in a case of cattle meningoencephalitis in Latin America, and the obtained sequence represents the first GenBank deposit of N. fowleri identified in Brazil to this day. Additionally, the case reported is the second occurrence of N. fowleri-associated disease in the same city, drawing attention to the local importance of infection by this ameba and potential risk for human infections.

Lactentes egressos de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva: estudo das respostas auditivas, de linguagem, motoras e as oportunidades para o desenvolvimento motores presentes no ambiente familiar / Egressed infants from Intensive Care Units: a study in hearing, language and motor responses and the opportunities for the development in the home environment / Infantes egresados ​​de las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos: estudio de las respuestas auditivas, del lenguaje y motoras y las oportunidades para el desarrollo en el entorno familiar

Introdução: Os recém-nascidos que experimentam o ambiente da UTIN podem ter anormalidades neurológicas, motoras, de aprendizagem e possíveis distúrbios do desenvolvimento. O desenvolvimento da audição, da linguagem e motor deve ser acompanhado e é fundamental para tomar condutas adequadas como encaminhamentos a serviços especializados e de intervenção precoce. Objetivo: Analisar as respostas auditivas, de linguagem, motoras e as oportunidades para o desenvolvimento motor, presentes no ambiente familiar dos lactentes em risco para deficiência auditiva egressos de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Método: A amostra foi composta por 15 lactentes com até seis meses de idade corrigida. Foi realizada avaliação auditiva comportamental, timpanometria, aplicada a Escala Bayley-III e a versão brasileira do questionário Affordances no Ambiente Domiciliar para o Desenvolvimento Motor - Escala Bebê com os pais. O nível de significância adotado foi p-valor<0,05. Resultados: Todos os lactentes apresentaram respostas auditivas esperadas para a faixa etária. A correlação entre o escore da Bayley linguagem e quantidade de Indicadores de Risco para Deficiência Auditiva é negativa (r=-0,578, p=0,024) e a correlação entre o escore da Bayley linguagem e o escore da Bayley motora é positiva (r=0,726; p=0,002). A maioria dos lactentes está inserida em ambientes moderadamente adequados ou menos do que adequados. Conclusão: Houve relação entre maior quantidade de Indicadores de Risco para Deficiência Auditiva com pior desempenho nos testes de linguagem e entre maior escore de linguagem com maior escore motor.

Introduction: Newborns who experience the NICU environment may have neurological, motor, learning abnormalities and possible developmental disorders. To follow the development of hearing, language and motor is fundamental to take appropriate conducts as referrals to specialized services and early intervention. Objective: Analyze auditory, language and motor responses and motor development opportunities present in family environment of hearing loss risk infants egress from Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Methods: The sample was composed by 15 infants up to six months corrected age. It was performed behavior hearing evaluation, tympanometry, applied the Bayley-III Scale and the Brazilian version of the Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development - Infant Scale questionnaire with parents. The adopted significance level was p-value<0,05. Results: All infants presented auditory responses expected for the age group. The correlation between the score of Bayley language and Hearing Loss Risk Indicators was negative (r=-0,578, p=0,024) and correlation between the score of Bayley language and Bayley motor was positive(r=0,726; p=0,002). Most of infants are in moderately adequate or less than adequate family environments. Conclusion: There was relation between quantity of Hearing Loss Risk Indicators with worse performance in language test development and between higher language score with higher motor score.

Introducción: Los recién nacidos que experimentan el entorno de la UCIN pueden tener anomalías neurológicas, motoras, de aprendizaje y posibles trastornos del desarrollo. Seguir el desarrollo de la audición, el lenguaje y la motricidad es fundamental para tomar conductas apropiadas como derivaciones a servicios especializados e intervención temprana. Objetivo: Analizar las respuestas auditivas, del lenguaje y motoras y las oportunidades de desarrollo motoras presentes en el entorno familiar de los bebés con riesgo de pérdida auditiva que salen de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales. Metodos: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 15 lactantes de hasta seis meses de edad corregida. Se realizó una evaluación auditiva conductual, timpanometría, se aplicó la Escala de Bayley-III y la versión brasileña del cuestionario Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development - Infant Scale con los padres. El nivel de significación adoptado fue p-valor<0,05. Resultados: Todos los bebés presentaron las respuestas auditivas esperadas para el grupo de edad. La correlación entre la puntuación del lenguaje Bayley y los Indicadores de Riesgo de Pérdida Auditiva fue negativa (r=-0,578, p=0,024) y la correlación entre la puntuación del lenguaje Bayley y el motor Bayley fue positiva (r=0,726; p=0,002). La mayoría de los bebés se insertan en entornos familiares moderadamente apropiados o menos que apropiados. Conclusión: Hubo una relación entre la cantidad de indicadores de riesgo de pérdida de audición con peor desempeño en el desarrollo de la prueba de lenguaje y entre la mayor puntuación de lenguaje con mayor puntuación motora.

Biofilm and Planktonic Antibiotic Resistance in Patients With Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

INTRODUCTION: The recalcitrant nature of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic rhinosinusitis (AECRS) potentially involves persisting colonization of the sinonasal mucosa by bacterial biofilms. Biofilms are known to be highly resistant to antibiotics, which may trigger or maintain chronic inflammation in the sinonasal mucosa. However, little is known about the relationship between the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and antibiofilm concentrations of bacteria obtained from AECRS patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty bacterial strains from 25 patients with AECRS were identified and underwent MIC determination (VITEK® 2). The planktonic isolates were submitted to an in vitro formation of biofilms (Modified Calgary Biofilm Device) and determination of minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) for amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, clarithromycin, and levofloxacin. MIC of the planktonic forms was compared with MBIC and MBEC levels, according to the breakpoints established by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. RESULTS: The main bacteria retrieved was S. aureus (60%), followed by other Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in lower frequencies. 76.7% of strains formed biofilm in vitro (n=23/30). The planktonic isolates presented high rates of resistance for amoxicillin (82.6%) and clarithromycin (39.1%), and lower rates for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (17.4%). The biofilm-forming bacteria counterparts presented higher levels of MBIC and MBEC compared to the MIC levels for amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and clarithromycin. Levofloxacin was highly effective against both planktonic and biofilm forms. Planktonic resistant forms were associated with levels of antibiofilm concentrations (MBIC and MBEC). CONCLUSIONS: Biofilm-forming bacteria from AECRS patients are prevalent, and biofilm forms are highly resistant to antibiotics compared to their planktonic counterparts. Antibiotic resistance observed in planktonic forms is a good indicator of biofilm resistance, although near 20% of susceptible planktonic bacteria can produce antibiotic tolerant biofilms.

Actuación en Psicología Escolar: Intervenciones con profesionales sobre Educación Sexual / Atuação em psicologia escolar: intervenções com profissionais sobre educação sexual / School psychology practice: interventions with professionals on sex education

O objetivo deste artigo é relatar uma experiência da atuação em Psicologia Escolar em uma escola pública da cidade de João Pessoa. Ancora-se nos pressupostos da abordagem Histórico-Cultural de Vigotski, considerando o psicólogo como mediador das relações e dos conhecimentos. Em uma perspectiva de atuação preventiva e institucional, a intervenção foi realizada por profissionais da Psicologia junto a professores, tutores e oficineiros da escola, e o foco foi a educação sexual, visando instrumentalizá-los sobre o tema para possibilitar uma abordagem adequada às demandas das crianças. A experiência mostrou que a formação com os profissionais da escola tem o potencial de promover novas reflexões e possibilidades de atuação em sala de aula. Além disso, corroborou a perspectiva do papel do profissional de Psicologia como mediador das reflexões, dos processos formativos e de mudanças nas metodologias, ainda que nesse processo haja obstáculos e dificuldades.

El objetivo de este artículo es relatar una experiencia de actuación en Psicología Escolar en una escuela pública de la ciudad de João Pessoa. Se ancla en los presupuestos del abordaje Histórico-Cultural de Vygotsky, considerando el psicólogo como mediador de relaciones y conocimientos. En una perspectiva de actuación preventiva e institucional, la intervención se realizó por profesionales de la Psicología junto a profesores, tutores y ministrantes de talleres de la escuela, y el enfoque fue la educación sexual, visando instrumentalizarlos sobre el tema para posibilitarlos a abordar adecuadamente las demandas de los niños. La experiencia apuntó que la formación con los profesionales de la escuela presenta un potencial de promover nuevas reflexiones y posibilidades de actuación en sala de clase. Además de eso, corroboró la perspectiva del papel del profesional de Psicología como mediador de las reflexiones, de los procesos formativos y de cambios en las metodologías, aunque en ese proceso haya barreras y dificultades.

The purpose of this article is to report a practical experience in School Psychology at a public school in the city of João Pessoa. It is anchored in the assumptions of Vigotski's Historical-Cultural approach, considering the psychologist as a mediator of relationships and knowledge. In a perspective of preventive and institutional action, the intervention was carried out by Psychology professionals together with teachers, tutors, and school teachers, and the focus was sex education, aiming to give them other possibilities on the theme in order to enable an adequate approach to the demands of the students. Experience has shown that training with school professionals has the potential to promote new reflections and possibilities for action in the classroom. In addition, it corroborated the perspective of the role of the psychology professional as a mediator of reflections, training processes, and changes in methodologies, even though there are obstacles and difficulties in this process.