Hypoglycemic effect of Coffea arabica leaf extracts and major bioactive constituents.

The present study focused on investigating the antioxidant, antiglycation activity, digestive enzymes inhibition, bioaccessibility and hypoglycemic effect of C. arabica leaves extracts. The extracts deactivated the O2•-, ROO•, H2O2, HOCl reactive oxygen species. Coffee leaves showed strong inhibition of α-glucosidase (IC50 = 40.30 µg mL-1) greater than the isolated metabolites and acarbose. There was also inhibition of pancreatic lipase (IC50 = 56.43 µg mL-1) in addition to a hypoglycemic effect in zebrafish similar to acarbose and metformin. With the exception of rutin, all biocompounds were detected at all stages of in vitro digestion. Finally, these results suggest that C. arabica leaf extracts possess antidiabetic and anti-obesity properties that can be attributed to the main metabolites and the synergistic action between them.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Antifungal and antibiofilm activities of the essential oil of leaves from Lippia gracilis Schauer against phytopathogenic fungi.

AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal and antibiofilm effects of essential oil (EO) from leaves of Lippia gracilis and its major constituents, thymol and carvacrol, against phytopathogenic fungi. METHODS AND RESULTS: The leaves of L. gracilis were hydrodistilled to obtain the EO and the chemical composition was determined by GC/MS analysis. The antifungal activity of EO of L. gracilis was evaluated on the vegetative and mycelial growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani. In addition, the ability of the oil to inhibit fungal biofilm formation was assessed by total biomass quantification using crystal violet staining, analysis of metabolic activity, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover the antifungal and antibiofilm activities of the monoterpenes, thymol and carvacrol, present in EO of L. gracilis were evaluated against F. oxysporum. The analysis of the chemical composition of EO extracted from L. gracilis, revealed the presence of monoterpenes (94·13%), which included carvacrol (48·57%) and thymol (7·78%), and 4 sesquiterpenes (3·74%). In general, EO showed significant antifungal activity and inhibited the formation of fungal biofilms. Furthermore, thymol and carvacrol showed significant antifungal and antibiofilm activities against F. oxysporum. SEM images showed structural changes in fungal morphology upon treatment with EO of L. gracilis. CONCLUSION: The results presented in this study showed promising antifungal and antibiofilm effects of EO of L. gracilis and its major components, carvacrol and thymol. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: These findings indicate that the EO extracted from L. gracilis, and the monoterpenes, carvacrol and thymol have a great potential as antifungal and antibiofilm agents. Furthermore, this is the first report of the antibiofilm activity of the EO of L. gracilis and its major components against phytopathogenic fungi.

Environmental matching used to predict range expansion of two invasive corals (Tubastraea spp.).

The scleractinian corals Tubastraea coccinea Lesson, 1829 and T. tagusensis Wells, 1982 have invaded reefs along Brazil's coastline. Over the period 2011-2017 a standard, fast, easily repeatable semi-quantitative method was used to produce maps of distribution and a site (n = 77) specific Relative Abundance Index (RAI) to determine range expansion at Cabo Frio, an upwelling region. Invaded sites doubled from six to 12 over the period (one per year) and mean abundance increased tenfold from 0.2 to 2.6 RAI and 0.22 to 1.8 RAI (T. coccinea and T. tagusensis respectively). Site specific oceanographic conditions (temperature, salinity and water transparency) and distance from currently invaded sites (a proxy for propagule pressure) were chosen and used as determinants of invasion success in order to model the expansion. Model results compared favourably with empirical measurements and the simple, regional, and spatially explicit model predicted future range expansion under 10 and 20 year scenarios.

Morphometry and morphology of nucleus of the Sertoli and interstitial cells of the tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1881) (Pisces: Characidae) during the reproductive cycle.

This study allowed the characterization of the tambaqui Colossoma macropomum testes structural organization, emphasizing Sertoli and interstitial cells and analyzing morphometrically the Sertoli cell nucleus diameter and the interstitial tissue area during the reproductive cycle. Fragments of tambaqui testes were collected in the following reproductive cycle stages: immature, resting, maturation I and II, mature, and regression, and were histologically processed. The Sertoli cells were found at the periphery of the cysts of germinative lineage cells and the nuclei were shown to be smaller as these cells developed. The interstitial cells were better observed between the seminiferous lobules next to vessels in the interstitial tissue of maturing testes.

Produçäo de leite de vacas alimentadas com alta proporçäo de forragem em dietas / Feeding high forage diets to lactating dairy cows

Vinte e duas vacas primíparas e 26 multíparas da raça Holandesa foram distribuídas em três tratamentos em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. As dietas testadas consistiram de duas proporçöes forragem:concentrado, 55:45 (RCS) e 75:25 (RCSH), para silagem de milho comum, e 75:25 (BMR) para outra dieta baseada no híbrido bm3. Näo houve interaçäo entre tratamentos e ordem de lactaçäo. A proporçäo silagem de alfafa:silagem de milho na porçäo forrageira da dieta foi de 47,7:53,3. A ingestäo (kg/dia) de matéria seca e de proteína bruta foi superior para BMR e RCS (19,5 e 19,5; 3,41 e 3,42, respectivamente) em relaçäo à ingestäo para RCSH (17,6 e 3,14), enquanto que a de fibra em detergente neutro foi maior para BMR (6,61) e menor para RCSH e RCS (6,08 e 5,40, respectivamente). O consumo de fibra em detergente ácido (kg/dia) foi maior para BMR e RCSH (4,88 e 4,73) e menor para RCS (4,02). A produçäo de leite foi superior para o tratamento com maior proporçäo de concentrados (35,7kg/vaca/dia), seguida pelo tratamento BMR (34,1kg/vaca/dia) e finalmente por RCSH, com a menor produçäo (32,1kg/vaca/dia). O teor de gordura no leite foi superior nos tratamentos com alto conteúdo de forragem na dieta, enquanto que a porcentagem de proteína seguiu padräo oposto. O híbrido bm3, em dieta contendo alta proporçäo de forragem, foi eficiente em manter o nível de desempenho de vacas de alta produçäo em comparaçäo à dietas com relaçöes forragem:concentrado normal ou alta e baseadas em híbridos contendo diferente genética de milho

Produção de leite de vacas alimentadas com alta proporção de forragem em dietas / Feeding high forage diets to lactating dairy cows

Vinte e duas vacas primíparas e 26 multíparas da raça Holandesa foram distribuídas em três tratamentos em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. As dietas testadas consistiram de duas proporções forragem:concentrado, 55:45 (RCS) e 75:25 (RCSH), para silagem de milho comum, e 75:25 (BMR) para outra dieta baseada no híbrido bm3. Não houve interação entre tratamentos e ordem de lactação. A proporção silagem de alfafa:silagem de milho na porção forrageira da dieta foi de 47,7:53,3. A ingestão (kg/dia) de matéria seca e de proteína bruta foi superior para BMR e RCS (19,5 e 19,5; 3,41 e 3,42, respectivamente) em relação à ingestão para RCSH (17,6 e 3,14), enquanto que a de fibra em detergente neutro foi maior para BMR (6,61) e menor para RCSH e RCS (6,08 e 5,40, respectivamente). O consumo de fibra em detergente ácido (kg/dia) foi maior para BMR e RCSH (4,88 e 4,73) e menor para RCS (4,02). A produção de leite foi superior para o tratamento com maior proporção de concentrados (35,7kg/vaca/dia), seguida pelo tratamento BMR (34,1kg/vaca/dia) e finalmente por RCSH, com a menor produção (32,1kg/vaca/dia). O teor de gordura no leite foi superior nos tratamentos com alto conteúdo de forragem na dieta, enquanto que a porcentagem de proteína seguiu padrão oposto. O híbrido bm3, em dieta contendo alta proporção de forragem, foi eficiente em manter o nível de desempenho de vacas de alta produção em comparação à dietas com relações forragem:concentrado normal ou alta e baseadas em híbridos contendo diferente genética de milho.(AU)

Twenty two primiparous and 26 multiparous Holstein cows were distributed in three treatments in a completely randomized design. Diets were prepared to have 55:45 (RCS) and 75:25 (RCSH) forage to concentrate ratio, for normal corn silage, and 75:25 (BMR) for another diet based on the bm3 corn hybrid silage. No interaction was observed between treatment and parity. Alfalfa silage to corn silage ratio were 47.7:53.3 in the forage portion of the diets. Dry matter and crude protein intakes (kg/day)were higher for BMR and RCS (19.5 and 19.5; 3.41 and 3.42, respectively), as compared to the intakes for RCSH (17.6 and 3.14, respectively), while neutral detergent fiber had higher ingestion with BMR treatment (6.61) and lower with RCSH and RCS treatments (6.08 and 5.40, respectively). Acid detergent fiber was highly consumed (kg/day) for BMR and RCSH treatments (4.88 and 4.73, respectively). Milk production was higher for the treatment with high levels of concentrates (35.7kg/cow/day), followed by the BMR treatment (34.1kg/cow/day)and finally, by RCSH with lower production response (32.1kg/cow/day). Fat test in the milk was higher for high forage diets, while milk protein content followed the opposite pattern. Hybrid bm3, used in high forage diets, was efficient to maintain performance of high producing dairy cows, when compared to diets with normal or high forage diets based on different corn genetics.(AU)

Morphometry and morphology of nucleus of the Sertoli and interstitial cells of the tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1881) (Pisces: Characidae) during the reproductive cycle

This study allowed the characterization of the tambaqui Colossoma macropomum testes structural organization, emphasizing Sertoli and interstitial cells and analyzing morphometrically the Sertoli cell nucleus diameter and the interstitial tissue area during the reproductive cycle. Fragments of tambaqui testes were collected in the following reproductive cycle stages: immature, resting, maturation I and II, mature, and regression, and were histologically processed. The Sertoli cells were found at the periphery of the cysts of germinative lineage cells and the nuclei were shown to be smaller as these cells developed. The interstitial cells were better observed between the seminiferous lobules next to vessels in the interstitial tissue of maturing testes

Structural and ultrastructural characteristics of interrenal gland and chromaffin cell of matrinxã, Brycon cephalus Gunther 1869 (Teleostei-Characidae).

This work presents the structure and ultrastructure of the interrenal gland and chromaffin cells, as well as the morphology of the head kidney of Brycon cephalus. The head kidney is composed of fused bilateral lobes located anterior to the swim bladder and ventrolateral to the spinal column. The parenchyma revealed lympho-haematopoietic tissue, melano-macrophage centres, interrenal gland and chromaffin cells. The interrenal gland consisted of cords or strands of cells grouped around the posterior cardinal vein and their branches. Chromaffin cells are found in small groups, closely associated with the interrenal gland and/or under the endothelium of the posterior cardinal vein. So far, the ultrastructural analysis has revealed only one interrenal cell type which contained abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum and numerous mitochondria with tubulo-vesicular cristae, characteristic of steroid-producing cells. Two types of chromaffin cells were observed. The first type was characterized by the presence of vesicles with round, strongly electron-dense granules, which were eccentrically located. Such cells were interpreted as noradrenaline cells. Meanwhile, cells which contained smaller vesicles and electron-lucent granules, with a small halo separating the granule from the vesicular limiting membrane, were identified as adrenaline cells.

Anthracene derivatives from Auxemma oncocalyx.

Three anthracene derivatives, auxenone, oncocalyxonol and auxemim, were isolated from Auxemma ontocalyx. The structures of these compounds as 1,4,8-trihydroxy-2-methoxy-5-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone, rel-9alpha,11alpha-epoxy-1,4,8alpha,11alpha-tetrahydroxy-2-methoxy-8a beta-methyl-5,6,7,8,8a,9, 10,10a beta-octahydro-10-anthracenone and rel-8alpha,11beta-epoxy-2,11-dimethoxy-8a beta-methyl-5,6,7,8,8a,9-hexahydro-1,4-anthracenedione were determined by analysis of spectral data (1D and 2D NMR, IR, HREIMS and UV).

Carcinoma espinho-celular em úlcera plantar de lepra / ?

One case of squamous cell carcinoma arising in a plantar ulcer of leprosy is described