First occurrence of feline sporotrichosis in a metropolitan area of Central-West Brazil.

Sporotrichosis is a neglected mycosis that affects human and animal hosts, including domestic cats. In Brazil, its most frequently diagnosed etiological agent is Sporothrix brasiliensis. Zoonotic transmission of S. brasiliensis occurs via direct contact between an infected cat and a susceptible human host. Notification of confirmed cases of feline sporotrichosis is not mandatory in Brazil. The metropolitan area of Goiania city can be considered a silent area for the occurrence of feline sporotrichosis. In this context, voluntary reporting of feline sporotrichosis cases is recommended for all healthcare professionals. This study aimed to report the first occurrence of S. brasiliensis in a cat from the metropolitan area of Goiania city. Cytopathology, mycology, thermal dimorphism and calmodulin gene amplification tests were performed. The mycological and molecular biological diagnoses corresponded to S. brasiliensis. The etiological agent of zoonotic sporotrichosis was detected in the metropolitan area of Goiania city, and therefore there is a risk of the emergence of new cases of cats infected with S. brasiliensis and the occurrence of zoonotic transmission of this fungus.

First occurrence of feline sporotrichosis in a metropolitan area of Central-West Brazil

ABSTRACT Sporotrichosis is a neglected mycosis that affects human and animal hosts, including domestic cats. In Brazil, its most frequently diagnosed etiological agent is Sporothrix brasiliensis. Zoonotic transmission of S. brasiliensis occurs via direct contact between an infected cat and a susceptible human host. Notification of confirmed cases of feline sporotrichosis is not mandatory in Brazil. The metropolitan area of Goiania city can be considered a silent area for the occurrence of feline sporotrichosis. In this context, voluntary reporting of feline sporotrichosis cases is recommended for all healthcare professionals. This study aimed to report the first occurrence of S. brasiliensis in a cat from the metropolitan area of Goiania city. Cytopathology, mycology, thermal dimorphism and calmodulin gene amplification tests were performed. The mycological and molecular biological diagnoses corresponded to S. brasiliensis. The etiological agent of zoonotic sporotrichosis was detected in the metropolitan area of Goiania city, and therefore there is a risk of the emergence of new cases of cats infected with S. brasiliensis and the occurrence of zoonotic transmission of this fungus.

Seroprevalence of Equine Leptospirosis in the State of Goiás, Brazil.

Leptospirosis, caused by Leptospira, is a zoonotic disease that, in horses, is linked to abortions, uveitis, and sporadic occurrences of liver and kidney disease, often resulting in significant economic losses for farmers. Research on the prevalence of leptospirosis in horses in the central-west region of Brazil has been relatively scarce. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of leptospirosis in equine herds in the state of Goiás (Central Brazil). Blood samples were collected from 894 equids at 294 randomly selected farms divided into three different strata according to their herd characteristics. The microscopic agglutination test for the detection of anti-Leptospira agglutinins was carried out and the results showed that among the 294 sampled farms, 213 (72.9%; CI 95% 71.7-78.9) had one or more animals positive for leptospirosis, and of the 894 horses sampled, 513 (61.6%; CI 95% 54.3-69.0) were seropositive for leptospirosis. Djasiman, Icterohaemorrhagiae, and Australis were the most prevalent serogroups. The results showed a high prevalence of seropositive animals and a widespread distribution of positive farms in the state of Goiás. Thus, environmental sanitation measures and health education to prevent and control equine leptospirosis in the state are required.

Genotypical Relationship Between Human and Poultry Strains of Campylobacter jejuni.

This study aimed to compare the genotype diversity of C. jejuni isolates. From the total of 64 C. jejuni strains evaluated, 44 were isolated from broiler carcasses (2015-2016) and 20 from hospitalized patients with gastroenteritis caused by the microorganism (2000-2006). The strains were correlated for the presence of flaA, pldA, cadF, ciaB, cdtABC, luxS, dnaJ, cbrA, htrA, pVir, Hcp, cstII, and neuA genes by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and for phylogenetic proximity by PFGE (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis). Of the total strains studied, 28 (43.7%) presented all the studied genes, except pVir. Among these strains, 25 (89.3%) were of poultry origin. Poultry strains showed a higher prevalence (P < 0.05) of genes linked to adhesion, colonization, invasion, cytotoxicity, biofilm formation, and adaptation to adverse conditions. Additionally, the profile that denotes the presence of all genes identified in the study (P1) was identified in 56.8% of poultry strains and in 15.0% of human strains. Molecular typing analysis identified five pulsotypes, none of which grouped strains from different origins. Although human strains were from hospitalized patients, they presented limited virulence capacity and adaptability to adverse conditions compared to chicken carcasses, besides being different in molecular typing. However, the ability to cause Guillain-Barré Syndrome is equal for both strains. In general, poultry strains, being more recent, are more specialized to adapt to the environment, invade, and cause disease in the human host.

Antibiotic Resistance in the Alternative Lifestyles of Campylobacter jejuni.

Campylobacter jejuni is the main pathogen identified in cases of foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide. Its importance in poultry production and public health is highlighted due to the growing antimicrobial resistance. Our study comparatively investigated the effect of five different classes of antimicrobials on the planktonic and biofilm forms of 35 strains of C. jejuni with high phylogenetic distinction in 30 of them. In the planktonic form, the existence of susceptible strains to colistin (7/35 - 20%) and resistance to meropenem (3/35 - 8.6%) represent a novelty in strains evaluated in Brazil. In biofilms formed with the addition of chicken juice, the number of resistant strains was significantly higher for colistin, erythromycin and meropenem (100%), but the susceptibility to tetracycline was shown as a control strategy for specific cases. High concentrations (1,060 ± 172.1mg/L) of antibiotics were necessary to control the biofilm structure in susceptible strains in the planktonic form, which is consistent with the high biomass produced in these strains. Stainless steel and polyurethane were the most (BFI=2.1) and least (BFI=1.6) favorable surfaces for the production of biomass treated with antimicrobials. It is concluded that the antimicrobial action was detected for all tested drugs in planktonic form. In sessile forms, the biomass production was intensified, except for tetracycline, which showed an antibiofilm effect.

Effectiveness of tobramycin and ciprofloxacin against bacterial isolates in canine otitis externa in Uberaba, Minas Gerais / Eficácia de tobramicina e ciprofloxacina contra isolados bacterianos de otite externa canina em Uberaba, Minas Gerais

Canine otitis externa is a common and recurrent disease in domestic dogs. Although not being life threatening, it can result in the overuse of antibiotics, increased bacterial resistance and reduction of options for treatment. This study aimed to determine: the principal characteristics (age, race, and gender) of dogs affected by otitis externa; the most frequently bacteria identified as being associated with it and their antimicrobial resistance profiles. A total of 221 bacterial isolates were identified by morphological staining and biochemical processes and tested against eleven antibiotics. Among the 148 dogs diagnosed with otitis externa, 51.4% (76/148) were males and 48.6% (72/148) females. The cases were detected mainly in dogs with age above 7 years (54.7%; 81/148. Among the races examined, poodles were the most numerous (14.84%; 22/148). The most common bacteria found were: coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (StCN), 33.9% (75/221); coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (StCP), 19% (42/221); Proteus spp., 17.2% (38/221) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 9.5% (21/221). Simultaneous resistance to more than three classes of antimicrobials were most frequently detected in P. aeruginosa (61.9%; 13/21) and Proteus spp (39.47%; 15/38). According to data obtained from this study, two veterinary medications found to be most effective for topical treatment were tobramycin and ciprofloxacin.(AU)

A otite externa canina é uma doença comum e recorrente em cães domésticos. Embora não seja uma ameaça à vida, pode resultar no uso excessivo de antibióticos, aumento da resistência bacteriana e redução das opções de tratamento. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar: as principais características (idade, raça e gênero) de cães afetados por otite externa; as bactérias mais frequentemente identificadas como associadas a enfermidade e seus perfis de resistência. Um total de 221 isolados bacterianos foram identificados por características morfo-tintoriais e testes bioquímicos, e posteriormente testados contra onze antibióticos. Entre os 148 cães com diagnóstico de otite externa, 51,4% (76/148) eram machos e 48,6% (72/148) fêmeas. Os casos foram detectados principalmente em cães com idade acima de 7 anos (54,7%; 81/148). Entre as raças examinadas, poodles foram os mais acometidos (14,84%; 22/148). As bactérias mais encontradas foram: Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo. (StCN), 33,9% (75/221), Staphylococcus coagulase-positiva (StCP), 19% (42/221), Proteus spp., 17,2% (38/221) e Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 9,5% (21/221) Resistência simultânea a mais de três classes de antimicrobianos foi mais frequentemente detectada em P. aeruginosa (61,9%; 13/21) e Proteus spp (39,47%; 15/38). Segundo os dados obtidos neste estudo, os antibióticos com maior capacidade de inibição do crescimento bacteriano in vitro foram tobramicina e ciprofloxacina.(AU)

Effectiveness of tobramycin and ciprofloxacin against bacterial isolates in canine otitis externa in Uberaba, Minas Gerais / Eficácia de tobramicina e ciprofloxacina contra isolados bacterianos de otite externa canina em Uberaba, Minas Gerais

Canine otitis externa is a common and recurrent disease in domestic dogs. Although not being life threatening, it can result in the overuse of antibiotics, increased bacterial resistance and reduction of options for treatment. This study aimed to determine: the principal characteristics (age, race, and gender) of dogs affected by otitis externa; the most frequently bacteria identified as being associated with it and their antimicrobial resistance profiles. A total of 221 bacterial isolates were identified by morphological staining and biochemical processes and tested against eleven antibiotics. Among the 148 dogs diagnosed with otitis externa, 51.4% (76/148) were males and 48.6% (72/148) females. The cases were detected mainly in dogs with age above 7 years (54.7%; 81/148. Among the races examined, poodles were the most numerous (14.84%; 22/148). The most common bacteria found were: coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (StCN), 33.9% (75/221); coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (StCP), 19% (42/221); Proteus spp., 17.2% (38/221) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 9.5% (21/221). Simultaneous resistance to more than three classes of antimicrobials were most frequently detected in P. aeruginosa (61.9%; 13/21) and Proteus spp (39.47%; 15/38). According to data obtained from this study, two veterinary medications found to be most effective for topical treatment were tobramycin and ciprofloxacin.

A otite externa canina é uma doença comum e recorrente em cães domésticos. Embora não seja uma ameaça à vida, pode resultar no uso excessivo de antibióticos, aumento da resistência bacteriana e redução das opções de tratamento. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar: as principais características (idade, raça e gênero) de cães afetados por otite externa; as bactérias mais frequentemente identificadas como associadas a enfermidade e seus perfis de resistência. Um total de 221 isolados bacterianos foram identificados por características morfo-tintoriais e testes bioquímicos, e posteriormente testados contra onze antibióticos. Entre os 148 cães com diagnóstico de otite externa, 51,4% (76/148) eram machos e 48,6% (72/148) fêmeas. Os casos foram detectados principalmente em cães com idade acima de 7 anos (54,7%; 81/148). Entre as raças examinadas, poodles foram os mais acometidos (14,84%; 22/148). As bactérias mais encontradas foram: Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo. (StCN), 33,9% (75/221), Staphylococcus coagulase-positiva (StCP), 19% (42/221), Proteus spp., 17,2% (38/221) e Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 9,5% (21/221) Resistência simultânea a mais de três classes de antimicrobianos foi mais frequentemente detectada em P. aeruginosa (61,9%; 13/21) e Proteus spp (39,47%; 15/38). Segundo os dados obtidos neste estudo, os antibióticos com maior capacidade de inibição do crescimento bacteriano in vitro foram tobramicina e ciprofloxacina.

Aspectos microbiológicos do sêmen de bovinos mantidos em central de reprodução animal / Microbiological aspects of sperm bovine maintained in the central specialized in animal reproduction

A produção de sêmen congelado nas centrais de reprodução é uma ferramenta importante para a pecuária brasileira, todavia o processo de coleta do sêmen pode influenciar nas características biológicas do ejaculado. Considerando a coleta para a inseminação artificial um procedimento não estéril, podendo promover vários gêneros de bactérias no ejaculado, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os aspectos microbiológicos de amostras de sêmen bovino, in natura e congelado, assim como os diluidores utilizados na rotina em uma central de produção de sêmen. Para o presente trabalho foram utilizados cinco touros da raça nelore, e, destes, avaliados dois ejaculados de cada animal, sendo coletados no intervalo de duas semanas. As colheitas de sêmen foram realizadas pelo método de vagina artificial. Também foram avaliados dois diluidores, Triladyl® e BotuBov®. Realizou-se o experimento pelo método de semeadura em Ágar TSA por esgotamento, e após 24h, 48h e 72 horas foram realizadas análises para a identificação e contagem de colônias crescidas de UFC/mL. As colônias foram avaliadas por coloração pelo método de Gram e microscopia óptica (100x) e classificadas conforme morfologia. Os dados laboratoriais foram submetidos ao teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov para a verificação de normalidade ou homocedasticidade. Observou-se o predomínio de Bastonetes Gram Negativos e Gram Positivos ao fim do experimento, bem como a presença de outros microrganismos em menores quantidades, sugerindo contaminação nas amostras. Houve presença de microrganismos tanto no sêmen in natura e congelado, quanto nos diluidores comerciais, mesmo seguindo protocolos microbiológicos para garantir a esterilidade das amostras Os resultados demonstram níveis aceitáveis de microrganismos no sêmen e nos diluidores; entretanto, estabelecer novas diretrizes no controle da qualidade microbiológica tende a ser uma linha de trabalho promissora na área da biotecnologia.(AU)

The production of frozen semen in the central specialized in animal reproduction is an important tool for the Brazilian livestock. However the semen collection process can influence the biological characteristics of the ejaculated. Considering the collection for artificial insemination as non-sterile procedure, it can promote several types of bacteria in the ejaculated semen. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological aspects of bovine semen samples, fresh, frozen and thinners used in routine in a insemination center. For this study, it was used five bulls of the Nelore breed, and evaluated two ejaculated semen from each animal, being collected at two weeks interval. Semen samples were collected by the method of artificial vagina. There were also evaluated two thinners, Triladyl® and BotuBov®. Furthermore, the experiment was conducted by seeding method Agar TSA by exhaustion, and after 24 hours; 48h; and 72 hours analysis was performed for identification and counting of colonies grown in CFU / ml. The colonies were assessed by staining by the Gram method and optical microscopy (100x) and classified as its morphology. The laboratory data were submitted to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality or check homoscedasticity. There was a predominance of Rods Gram Negative and Gram Positive at the end of the experiment, as well as presence of other microorganisms in smaller amounts, suggesting contamination in the samples. There were microorganisms present in both fresh and frozen semen,and in commercial thinners, even following microbiological protocols to ensure sample sterility. The results demonstrate acceptable microorganismslevelsin semen and thinners; however, establishing new guidelines for microbiological quality control tends to be a promising biotechnology area.(AU)

Aspectos microbiológicos do sêmen de bovinos mantidos em central de reprodução animal / Microbiological aspects of sperm bovine maintained in the central specialized in animal reproduction

A produção de sêmen congelado nas centrais de reprodução é uma ferramenta importante para a pecuária brasileira, todavia o processo de coleta do sêmen pode influenciar nas características biológicas do ejaculado. Considerando a coleta para a inseminação artificial um procedimento não estéril, podendo promover vários gêneros de bactérias no ejaculado, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os aspectos microbiológicos de amostras de sêmen bovino, in natura e congelado, assim como os diluidores utilizados na rotina em uma central de produção de sêmen. Para o presente trabalho foram utilizados cinco touros da raça nelore, e, destes, avaliados dois ejaculados de cada animal, sendo coletados no intervalo de duas semanas. As colheitas de sêmen foram realizadas pelo método de vagina artificial. Também foram avaliados dois diluidores, Triladyl® e BotuBov®. Realizou-se o experimento pelo método de semeadura em Ágar TSA por esgotamento, e após 24h, 48h e 72 horas foram realizadas análises para a identificação e contagem de colônias crescidas de UFC/mL. As colônias foram avaliadas por coloração pelo método de Gram e microscopia óptica (100x) e classificadas conforme morfologia. Os dados laboratoriais foram submetidos ao teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov para a verificação de normalidade ou homocedasticidade. Observou-se o predomínio de Bastonetes Gram Negativos e Gram Positivos ao fim do experimento, bem como a presença de outros microrganismos em menores quantidades, sugerindo contaminação nas amostras. Houve presença de microrganismos tanto no sêmen in natura e congelado, quanto nos diluidores comerciais, mesmo seguindo protocolos microbiológicos para garantir a esterilidade das amostras Os resultados demonstram níveis aceitáveis de microrganismos no sêmen e nos diluidores; entretanto, estabelecer novas diretrizes no controle da qualidade microbiológica tende a ser uma linha de trabalho promissora na área da biotecnologia.

The production of frozen semen in the central specialized in animal reproduction is an important tool for the Brazilian livestock. However the semen collection process can influence the biological characteristics of the ejaculated. Considering the collection for artificial insemination as non-sterile procedure, it can promote several types of bacteria in the ejaculated semen. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological aspects of bovine semen samples, fresh, frozen and thinners used in routine in a insemination center. For this study, it was used five bulls of the Nelore breed, and evaluated two ejaculated semen from each animal, being collected at two weeks interval. Semen samples were collected by the method of artificial vagina. There were also evaluated two thinners, Triladyl® and BotuBov®. Furthermore, the experiment was conducted by seeding method Agar TSA by exhaustion, and after 24 hours; 48h; and 72 hours analysis was performed for identification and counting of colonies grown in CFU / ml. The colonies were assessed by staining by the Gram method and optical microscopy (100x) and classified as its morphology. The laboratory data were submitted to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality or check homoscedasticity. There was a predominance of Rods Gram Negative and Gram Positive at the end of the experiment, as well as presence of other microorganisms in smaller amounts, suggesting contamination in the samples. There were microorganisms present in both fresh and frozen semen,and in commercial thinners, even following microbiological protocols to ensure sample sterility. The results demonstrate acceptable microorganismslevelsin semen and thinners; however, establishing new guidelines for microbiological quality control tends to be a promising biotechnology area.

Gallus gallus domesticus: immune system and its potential for generationof immunobiologics

ABSTRACT: Gallus gallus domesticus immune system is a promising tool for generation of antibody-based immunobiologics. Immunoglobulin y (IgY) is extracted from egg yolk and has equivalent functions to mammals igg antibody. Avian immune system can be stimulated to produce a high-quality antibody repertoire. In this review, we present an overview of avian immune system emphasizing igy and its applications as an immunobiologic.

RESUMO: O sistema imunológico deGallus gallus domesticus é uma ferramenta promissora para a geração de imunobiológico a partir de anticorpos. A imunoglobulina Y (IgY) é extraída da gema do ovo e apresenta funções equivalentes ao anticorpo IgG dos mamíferos. O sistema imune aviário pode ser estimulado para produzir um repertório de anticorpos de alta qualidade. Nesta revisão apresentamos aspectos gerais do sistema imune aviário enfatizando o IgY e suas aplicações como um imunobiológico.

Gallus gallus domesticus: immune system and its potential for generation of immunobiologics / Gallus gallus domesticus: sistema imunológico e seu potencial para geração de imunobiológicos

Gallus gallus domesticus immune system is a promising tool for generation of antibody-based immunobiologics. Immunoglobulin y (IgY) is extracted from egg yolk and has equivalent functions to mammals igg antibody. Avian immune system can be stimulated to produce a high-quality antibody repertoire. In this review, we present an overview of avian immune system emphasizing igy and its applications as an immunobiologic.(AU)

O sistema imunológico de Gallus gallus domesticus é uma ferramenta promissora para a geração de imunobiológico a partir de anticorpos. A imunoglobulina Y (IgY) é extraída da gema do ovo e apresenta funções equivalentes ao anticorpo IgG dos mamíferos. O sistema imune aviário pode ser estimulado para produzir um repertório de anticorpos de alta qualidade. Nesta revisão apresentamos aspectos gerais do sistema imune aviário enfatizando o IgY e suas aplicações como um imunobiológico.(AU)

Gallus gallus domesticus: immune system and its potential for generationof immunobiologics / Gallus gallus domesticus: sistema imunológico e seu potencial para geração de imunobiológicos

ABSTRACT: Gallus gallus domesticus' immune system is a promising tool for generation of antibody-based immunobiologics. Immunoglobulin y (IgY) is extracted from egg yolk and has equivalent functions to mammal's igg antibody. Avian immune system can be stimulated to produce a high-quality antibody repertoire. In this review, we present an overview of avian immune system emphasizing igy and its applications as an immunobiologic.

RESUMO: O sistema imunológico deGallus gallus domesticus é uma ferramenta promissora para a geração de imunobiológico a partir de anticorpos. A imunoglobulina Y (IgY) é extraída da gema do ovo e apresenta funções equivalentes ao anticorpo IgG dos mamíferos. O sistema imune aviário pode ser estimulado para produzir um repertório de anticorpos de alta qualidade. Nesta revisão apresentamos aspectos gerais do sistema imune aviário enfatizando o IgY e suas aplicações como um imunobiológico.

Relação entre leptospirose e o vírus da leucose enzootica em bovinos leiteiros no município de Uberaba, Minas Gerais / Relation between leptospirosis and enzootic leukosis virus in dairy cattle from Uberaba City, Minas Gerais

A Leucose Enzoótica Bovina (LEB) e a Leptospirose bovina são doenças de grande impacto econômico na pecuária brasileira. O diagnóstico pode ser realizado por meio da detecção de anticorpos séricos específicos. Não há estudos que demonstrem uma correlação entre a sorologia de Leucose e Leptospirose em bovinos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a associação entre os resultados sorológicos positivos dessas duas doenças infecciosas. Foram utilizadas 200 amostras de soro sanguíneo de fêmeas bovinas de aptidão leiteira com idade igual ou superior a 24 meses, sendo 100 soros positivos e 100 soros negativos para anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp., testados por meio de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM). Os 200 soros foram submetidos à prova de Imunodifusão em Gel de Agar (IDGA) para diagnóstico de anticorpos específicos anti-LEB. Anticorpos anti-LEB foram detectados em 30% (60/200; IC95%: 24,8%-35,2%) dos soros estudados (n=200). Foi verificada uma diferença estatística (P<0,05) entre o diagnóstico de anticorpos anti-LEB entre as fêmeas soropositivas para leptospirose (37%; IC95%:27,5%-46,5%) e as soronegativas (23%; IC95%:14,8%-31,3%). As fêmeas expostas ao contato com leptospiras tiveram 1,97 mais risco de serem soropositivas para LEB. Os resultados obtidos sugerem a existência de uma associação entre a soropositividade para LEB e a leptospirose bovina.(AU)

The enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL) and bovine leptospirosis are infectious diseases that have a negative economic impact on the cattle industry. Diagnosis is carried out by detection the specific antibodies. There are not studies correlating either serological results for EBL and leptospirosis in cattle. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of an association between the serology results for EBL and Leptospira antibodies. Were tested 200 serum samples from adult cows aged over 24 months of which were 100 seropositive and 100 seronegative for antiLeptospira spp. antibodies by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Agar Gel Immunodiffusion Test (AGID) was carried out to detection of anti-EBL antibodies in all these 200 sera samples. Were detected anti-EBL antibodies in 30% (60/200; 95% CI: 24.8% - 35.2%) of tested sera samples. Statistical difference (P<0.05) was observed between EBL seropositivity among Leptospira seropositive cows (37%; 95% CI: 27.5% -46.5%) and seronegative cows (23%; 95% CI: 14.8% -31.3%). The cows exposed to Leptospira infection were 1.97 more likely to be seropositive for EBL. The results suggest the existence of a positive association between seropositivity for EBL and bovine leptospirosis.(AU)

Relação entre leptospirose e o vírus da leucose enzootica em bovinos leiteiros no município de Uberaba, Minas Gerais / Relation between leptospirosis and enzootic leukosis virus in dairy cattle from Uberaba City, Minas Gerais

A Leucose Enzoótica Bovina (LEB) e a Leptospirose bovina são doenças de grande impacto econômico na pecuária brasileira. O diagnóstico pode ser realizado por meio da detecção de anticorpos séricos específicos. Não há estudos que demonstrem uma correlação entre a sorologia de Leucose e Leptospirose em bovinos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a associação entre os resultados sorológicos positivos dessas duas doenças infecciosas. Foram utilizadas 200 amostras de soro sanguíneo de fêmeas bovinas de aptidão leiteira com idade igual ou superior a 24 meses, sendo 100 soros positivos e 100 soros negativos para anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp., testados por meio de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM). Os 200 soros foram submetidos à prova de Imunodifusão em Gel de Agar (IDGA) para diagnóstico de anticorpos específicos anti-LEB. Anticorpos anti-LEB foram detectados em 30% (60/200; IC95%: 24,8%-35,2%) dos soros estudados (n=200). Foi verificada uma diferença estatística (P<0,05) entre o diagnóstico de anticorpos anti-LEB entre as fêmeas soropositivas para leptospirose (37%; IC95%:27,5%-46,5%) e as soronegativas (23%; IC95%:14,8%-31,3%). As fêmeas expostas ao contato com leptospiras tiveram 1,97 mais risco de serem soropositivas para LEB. Os resultados obtidos sugerem a existência de uma associação entre a soropositividade para LEB e a leptospirose bovina.

The enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL) and bovine leptospirosis are infectious diseases that have a negative economic impact on the cattle industry. Diagnosis is carried out by detection the specific antibodies. There are not studies correlating either serological results for EBL and leptospirosis in cattle. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of an association between the serology results for EBL and Leptospira antibodies. Were tested 200 serum samples from adult cows aged over 24 months of which were 100 seropositive and 100 seronegative for antiLeptospira spp. antibodies by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Agar Gel Immunodiffusion Test (AGID) was carried out to detection of anti-EBL antibodies in all these 200 sera samples. Were detected anti-EBL antibodies in 30% (60/200; 95% CI: 24.8% - 35.2%) of tested sera samples. Statistical difference (P<0.05) was observed between EBL seropositivity among Leptospira seropositive cows (37%; 95% CI: 27.5% -46.5%) and seronegative cows (23%; 95% CI: 14.8% -31.3%). The cows exposed to Leptospira infection were 1.97 more likely to be seropositive for EBL. The results suggest the existence of a positive association between seropositivity for EBL and bovine leptospirosis.

Prevalência de parasitos gastrintestinais e de toxoplasmose em ovinos da região de Uberaba, MG / Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites and toxoplasmosis sheep in the region of Uberaba, state of Minas Gerais

Com o objetivo de identificar os principais parasitos gastrintestinais que acometem os ovinos, bem como a ocorrência de anticorpos IgG contra Toxoplasma gondii, foram realizados 270 exames coprológicos (OPG/OOPG) e 250 sorológicos (imunofluorescência indireta-IFI) nos ovinos da região de Uberaba-MG. Das amostras de fezes coletadas, 217 (80,37%) eram positivas, com prevalência de Strongyloidea (88,47%), Eimeria spp. (63,13%), Strongyloides sp. (24,42%), Skrjabinema sp. (0,73%) e Moniezia sp. (0,73%) e Capillaria sp. (0,46%). Dos 250 soros testados para Toxoplasma gondii, 144 (57,60%) apresentavam títulos acima do ponto de corte (64), sendo 77,78% com título de 64 e 22,22% de 128. Esses resultados são importantes para nortear proprietários e veterinários sobre a necessidade de diagnosticar e controlar as parasitoses que acometem os rebanhos ovinos.

In order to identify the gastrointestinal sheep´s parasites, and the occurrence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, 270 stool tests (OPG/OOPG) and 250 serological tests (indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) were performed in properties in the region of Uberaba-MG. From the stool samples collected 217 (80.37%) were positive, with a prevalence of Strongyloidea (88.47%), Eimeria spp. (63.13%), Strongyloides sp. (24.42%), Skrjabinema sp. (0.73%), Moniezia (0.73%) and 0.46% Capillaria sp. From the 250 sera tested for Toxoplasma gondii, 144 (57.60%) had titers above the cut-off (64), 77.77% with title 64 and 22.22% with title 128. These results are important to guide owners and veterinarians about the need for prevention and control methods for parasites that affect sheep flocks.

Seroprevalence and risk factors for Leptospirosis in goats in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

The prevalence of Leptospirosis in goat herds of the State of Minas Gerais has seldom been studied. The present research had as its objectives: (1) investigate the seroprevalence of Leptospirosis in the county of Uberlândia, MG, (2) verify the Leptospirosis serovars, and (3) identify the risk factors associated with infection on the farms examined. Serum samples from 230 animals in 11 properties were tested using the microscopic agglutination test. An epidemiological examination furnished data for analysis regarding the risk factors. The prevalence of Leptospirosis was found to be 31.3% with variation from 1:100 to 1:800. The most frequent serovars were: Autumnalis (30.30%), Tarassovi (19.20%), Pyrogenes (13.13%), and Icterohaemorrhagiae (11.11%). The ages and races of the animals were among the risk factors found to be significantly correlated (P<0.05) with infection. At the farm level, the intensity of production, use of salaried workers, and association of other animals were all found to be related with the frequency of Leptospirosis. The results demonstrated that inadequate management was a factor which favored the occurrence of infection in the region of the study.

Estudo retrospectivo de cães positivos para cinomose, em ensaio imunocromatográfico, atendidos no hospital veterinário de Uberaba - MG

A Cinomose canina é causada por um vírus do gênero Morbillivirus pertencente à família Paramyxoviridae. O tropismo viral pelos leucócitos pode levar à leucopenia com linfopenia, seguida de imunossupressão. Além disso, também pode ser observada trombocitopenia imunomediada. A detecção de antígenos virais, em swabs das conjuntivas de cães suspeitos de estarem infectados com cinomose, pode ser feita por meio da técnica de imunocromatografia. A infecção com o vírus da cinomose pode ser prevenida através da vacinação dos animais. A determinação da associação entre a infecção pelo Morbillivirus e alterações hematológicas e/ou bioquímicas em cães naturalmente infectados, pode auxiliar no acompanhamento do animal enfermo. Neste estudo retrospectivo, foram analisados os dados hematológicos e bioquímicos de 149 cães, de diferentes raças e idades, atendidos no Hospital Veterinário de Uberaba, Minas Gerais, no período entre os anos de 2008 a 2012, todos com diagnóstico positivo para antígenos virais de cinomose. 18,79% foram vacinados; 45,63% não eram vacinados e 35,57% estavam com vacinação atrasada. Em relação ás alterações hematológicas, obteve-se em maior quantidade: 48,32% anemia; 26,10% desidratação e 50,33% trompocitopenia. Já nas alterações de leucometria, observou-se em maior quantidade: 42,21% com valores normais de leucócitos; 57,71% linfopenia. A maioria dos casos positivos ocorreram no período seco do ano.(AU)

The Canine Distemper is caused by a virus of the genus Morbillivirus belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae. The viral tropism by leukocytes can lead to leukopenia with lymphopenia, followed by immunosuppression. It also can be seen immunomediated thrombocytopenia. The detection of viral antigens in the conjunctival swabs of dogs suspected of being infected with canine distemper, can be made by immunochromatography technique. The infection with canine distemper virus may be prevented by vaccinating the animals. The determination of the association between infection and Morbillivirus hematological and / or biochemical changes in naturally infected dogs, can assist in monitoring the animal sick. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the data of 149 hematological and biochemical dogs of different breeds and ages met at the Veterinary Hospital of Uberaba, Minas Gerais, in the period between the years 2008 to 2012, all with positive diagnosis of distemper viral antigens . 18.79% were vaccinated; 45.63% were not vaccinated and were 35.57% with vaccination records. Regarding hematological ace, was obtained in greater quantity: 48.32% anemia, dehydration 26.10% and 50.33% trompocitopenia. Have changes in leukocyte count was observed in greater amounts: 42.21% with normal leukocytes; 57.71% lymphopenia. Most of the positive cases occurred in the dry season.(AU)

Estudo retrospectivo de cães positivos para cinomose, em ensaio imunocromatográfico, atendidos no hospital veterinário de Uberaba - MG

A Cinomose canina é causada por um vírus do gênero Morbillivirus pertencente à família Paramyxoviridae. O tropismo viral pelos leucócitos pode levar à leucopenia com linfopenia, seguida de imunossupressão. Além disso, também pode ser observada trombocitopenia imunomediada. A detecção de antígenos virais, em swabs das conjuntivas de cães suspeitos de estarem infectados com cinomose, pode ser feita por meio da técnica de imunocromatografia. A infecção com o vírus da cinomose pode ser prevenida através da vacinação dos animais. A determinação da associação entre a infecção pelo Morbillivirus e alterações hematológicas e/ou bioquímicas em cães naturalmente infectados, pode auxiliar no acompanhamento do animal enfermo. Neste estudo retrospectivo, foram analisados os dados hematológicos e bioquímicos de 149 cães, de diferentes raças e idades, atendidos no Hospital Veterinário de Uberaba, Minas Gerais, no período entre os anos de 2008 a 2012, todos com diagnóstico positivo para antígenos virais de cinomose. 18,79% foram vacinados; 45,63% não eram vacinados e 35,57% estavam com vacinação atrasada. Em relação ás alterações hematológicas, obteve-se em maior quantidade: 48,32% anemia; 26,10% desidratação e 50,33% trompocitopenia. Já nas alterações de leucometria, observou-se em maior quantidade: 42,21% com valores normais de leucócitos; 57,71% linfopenia. A maioria dos casos positivos ocorreram no período seco do ano.

The Canine Distemper is caused by a virus of the genus Morbillivirus belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae. The viral tropism by leukocytes can lead to leukopenia with lymphopenia, followed by immunosuppression. It also can be seen immunomediated thrombocytopenia. The detection of viral antigens in the conjunctival swabs of dogs suspected of being infected with canine distemper, can be made by immunochromatography technique. The infection with canine distemper virus may be prevented by vaccinating the animals. The determination of the association between infection and Morbillivirus hematological and / or biochemical changes in naturally infected dogs, can assist in monitoring the animal sick. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the data of 149 hematological and biochemical dogs of different breeds and ages met at the Veterinary Hospital of Uberaba, Minas Gerais, in the period between the years 2008 to 2012, all with positive diagnosis of distemper viral antigens . 18.79% were vaccinated; 45.63% were not vaccinated and were 35.57% with vaccination records. Regarding hematological ace, was obtained in greater quantity: 48.32% anemia, dehydration 26.10% and 50.33% trompocitopenia. Have changes in leukocyte count was observed in greater amounts: 42.21% with normal leukocytes; 57.71% lymphopenia. Most of the positive cases occurred in the dry season.