Therapeutic or lifelong training effects on pancreatic morphological and functional parameters in an animal model of aging and obesity.

AIMS: Obesity, aging, and physical training are factors influencing pancreatic functional and morphological parameters. Aiming to clarify the impact of the interaction of these factors, we analyzed the effect of therapeutic or lifelong physical training on body adiposity and pancreatic functional and morphological parameters of aged and obese rats. METHODS: 24 male Wistar rats were (initial age = 4 months and final age = 14 months) randomly divided into three aged and obese experimental groups (n = 8/group): untrained, therapeutic trained, and lifelong trained. Body adiposity, plasmatic concentration and pancreatic immunostaining of insulin, markers of tissue inflammation, lipid peroxidation, activity and immunostaining of antioxidant enzymes, and parameters of pancreatic morphology were evaluated. RESULTS: Lifelong physical training improved the body adiposity, plasmatic insulin concentration, and macrophage immunostaining in the pancreas. The animals submitted to therapeutic and lifelong training showed an increase in the density of the pancreatic islets; lower insulin, Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB), and Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-ß) immunostaining in the pancreatic parenchyma, as well as lower pancreatic tissue lipid peroxidation, lower fibrosis area, increased catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) immunostaining, with the greatest effect in the lifelong training group. CONCLUSION: Lifelong training promoted greater beneficial effects on the pancreatic functional and morphological parameters of aged and obese animals compared to therapeutic exercise.

A prática e o conhecimento da mulher idosa para o envelhecimento ativo / The practice and knowledge of the elderly woman for active aging

Objetivos: Analisare descrevera prática e o conhecimento da mulher idosa sobre como manter um envelhecimento ativo e saudávele as dificuldades encontradas. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, comabordagem qualitativa, realizada em um Centro de Convivência, de caráter público, na cidade de Teresina, Piauí. Os participantes do estudo foram 12 mulheres idosas que frequentem o Centrode Convivência. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo, cuja finalidade é analisar a partir das falas dos entrevistados.Resultados: Foi analisado o perfil sociodemográico das idosas e também abordou as categorias temáticas do estudo, de acordo com a similaridade semântica, que representam as descrições das falas das idosas entrevistadas que foram as práticas das idosas para um envelhecimento saudável e ativo e dificuldades das idosas para o envelhecimento ativo.Conclusão: O envelhecimento ativo é encarado como um processo de otimização das oportunidades de saúde, participação e segurança.

Objectives: Analyze and describe the practice and knowledge ofthe elderly woman about how to maintain an active and healthy aging and the difficulties encountered. Methods:This is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach, performed at a Center for Coexistence of public character, in the city of Teresina, Piaui. The study participants were 12 elderly women who attend the Center for Coexistence. The data analysis was performed by means of the content analysis technique, whose purpose is to analyze the effectof the statements of the interviewees. Results:Weanalyzed the sociodemográico profile of elderly people and also addressed the thematic categories of the study, in accordance with the semantic similarity, which represent the descriptions of the statements of the elderly interviewees who were the practices of elderly people for a healthy and active aging and difficulties of elderly people for active aging. Conclusion:The active aging is seen as a process of optimizing opportunities for health, participation and security

Avaliação multidimensional da mulher idosa em um centro de convivência / Multidimensional evaluation of elderly women in a

Objetivo: Analisar por meio da avaliação multidimensional os determinantes do envelhecimento ativo em Mulheres Idosas. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa realizada em um Centro de Convivência, de caráter público, situado na cidade de Teresina, Piauí, Brasil. Os participantes do estudo foram 76 mulheres idosas que frequentem o Centro de Convivência. A coleta dos dados ocorreu no Centro de Convivência por meio da aplicação de um questionário nos meses de outubro e novembro de 2018. Os dados foram registrados em uma planilha Microsoft Excel e posteriormente exportadas no programa IbmSpssStatistics 20.0 para tabulação dos dados. Resultados:Ao analisar os dados sóciodemográficos observou-se que a idade média foi entre 60 a 64 anos, sendo que 36,84% das idosas conviviam com cônjuges ou companheiros, a maioria das idosas (56,58%) recebem entre um e três salários mínimos por mês. A comorbidade que teve o maior índice foi o sobrepeso com 25,18 % e a queda atingindo 49,68%. Os determinantes do envelhecimento ativo 40,79% das idosas tinham dificuldades com a visão e cerca de 84,21% não tem escada no domicílio e 56% das idosas usam tapete solto (56,58). Conclusão:Portanto, apesar que nem todas as idosas obtiveram uma avaliação positiva em cada domínio da avaliação multidimensional, em uma visão geral apresentaram com envelhecimento ativo

Objective: To analyze, through multidimensional evaluation, the determinants of active aging in Elderly Women. Methods: This is a descriptive study, with a quantitative approach, carried out in a Public Health Center, located in the city of Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.The study participants were 76 elderly women who attend the Community Center. Data collection took place at the Community Center through the application of a questionnaire in the months of October and November 2018. The data were recorded in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and later exported in the IbmSpssStatistics 20.0 program for data tabulation. Results: When analyzing the socio-demographic data, it was observed that the average age was between 60 and 64 years, with 36,84% of the elderly women living with spouses or partners, most elderly women (56,58%) receive between one and three minimum wages per month. The comorbidity that had the highest rate was overweight with 25,18% and the fall reaching 49,68%. The determinants of active aging 40,79% of the elderly women had difficulties with their vision and about 84,21% have no stairs at home and 56% of the elderly women use a loose carpet (56,58). Conclusion: Therefore, although not all elderly women obtained a positive evaluation in each domain of multidimensional evaluation, in an overview they presented with active aging.

Effects of auriculotherapy on weight and body mass index reduction in patients with overweight or obesity: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Auriculotherapy is based on the stimulation of reflex points in the ear. However, little is known about its weight-reducing effects. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of auriculotherapy on weight and/or (BMI) reduction in overweight or patients with obesity. METHODS: Twelve articles were selected for systematic review. Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating weight reduction and five investigating BMI reduction were selected for the meta-analyzes. RESULTS: The results revealed an association between auriculotherapy and weight reduction (WMD, 1.507; 95% CI, 0.606-2.407; p < 0.000). Auriculotherapy was also significantly associated with BMI reduction (WMD, 0.865; 95% CI, 0.533-1.196; p < 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: We found that auriculotherapy was effective in reducing weight and/or BMI in overweight or patients with obesity. However, the findings should be interpreted with caution due to heterogeneity.

Condições sanitárias no transporte de refeições prontas para consumo: comparação entre dois refeitórios / Hygiene conditions for the process of transport of ready meals: comparison two university bureau

O estudo visou comparar e avaliar as condições higienicossanitárias no transporte de refeições prontas para consumo em dois refeitórios localizados em Instituição de Ensino Superior com uso de checklist construído baseado nas RDC n°216 e n°275, para análise dos aspectos: carga e descarga; controle e monitoramento das refeições; utensílios e equipamento usados; veículo de transporte; higiene e sanitização do veículo; saúde e condições de higiene do condutor do veículo. Os dados foram pontuados e classificados em cinco grupos variando de crítico a excelente. O escore global da “empresa S” foi de 64,2 e o da “empresa R” 66,7 sendo ambas categorizadas como regular, não havendo distanciamento discrepante na categorização dos resultados em quatro dos seis módulos analisados. Apenas os módulos III e VI diferiram na classificação. Com isso, há necessidade de as empresas procederem planos de intervenção para melhoria da qualidade sanitária e sensorial das refeições prontas para consumo.

Elaboração e avaliação da aceitação de queijos processados cremosos adicionados de biomassa de banana verde / Elaboration and evaluation of the acceptance of creamous processed cheeses added from banana verde biomass

Entende-se por queijo processado o produto obtido por trituração, mistura, fusão e emulsão por meio de calor e agentes emulsionantes de uma ou mais variedades de queijo, com ou sem adição de outros produtos lácteos. A polpa de banana, quando verde, não apresenta sabor, é rica em flavonoides e amido resistente, os quais atuam na proteção da mucosa gástrica e com função de fibra alimentar no organismo humano. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo elaborar queijos processados cremosos com substituição parcial da gordura por biomassa de banana verde. Realizou-se análises físico-químicas, microbiológicas e sensoriais. Quanto ao perfil físico-quimico observou-se que as amostras estavam com valores de acidez altos e pH baixos, apresentaram alta umidade e teores de gorduras reduzidos em relação à amostra padrão (sem biomassa). Todas as amostras encontraram-se dentro do padrão microbiológico estabelecido pela Portaria 12/2011. A análise sensorial demostrou que o queijo 2 foi o que apresentou as maiores médias, para cor e consistência as médias foram 6,04 e 6,08, respectivamente, o que equivalem ao grau de aceitação “gostei muito” na escala hedônica de 7 pontos e 5,46 para o aroma, 5,88 para o sabor e 5,97 espalhabilidade, o que corresponde ao “gostei ligeiramente” na escala.

Papillomavirus infections in the oral and genital mucosa of asymptomatic women

Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been found in several regions of the body, including the oral cavity. Recently, this virus has been associated with oropharyngeal cancer, but little is known about HPV transmission to the oral cavity. We carried out a study to investigate concurrent oral and cervical infections in 76 asymptomatic women attending a healthcare program. Demographic and behavior data were obtained through a structured questionnaire. Oral and cervical mucosa scrapings were collected and stored for DNA extraction. HPV DNA amplification was performed by polymerase chain reaction assay (PCR) using both primers My09/My11 and FAP59/64, followed by HPV typing with restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP) and sequencing. The data collected revealed no risk factors for HPV infection in these 76 women. HPV prevalence of 9.2 and 5.3% was found in cervical and oral mucosa, respectively. Concurrent infections by discordant types were detected in one case only. Sequencing procedures allowed us to detect a new putative HPV 17 subtype from the Betapapillomavirus genus. Our results support the view that cervical and oral HPV infections are independent events. The observed low prevalence of both oral and cervical HPV infections could be associated with attendance in a healthcare program.

Papillomavirus infections in the oral and genital mucosa of asymptomatic women.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been found in several regions of the body, including the oral cavity. Recently, this virus has been associated with oropharyngeal cancer, but little is known about HPV transmission to the oral cavity. We carried out a study to investigate concurrent oral and cervical infections in 76 asymptomatic women attending a healthcare program. Demographic and behavior data were obtained through a structured questionnaire. Oral and cervical mucosa scrapings were collected and stored for DNA extraction. HPV DNA amplification was performed by polymerase chain reaction assay (PCR) using both primers My09/My11 and FAP59/64, followed by HPV typing with restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP) and sequencing. The data collected revealed no risk factors for HPV infection in these 76 women. HPV prevalence of 9.2 and 5.3% was found in cervical and oral mucosa, respectively. Concurrent infections by discordant types were detected in one case only. Sequencing procedures allowed us to detect a new putative HPV 17 subtype from the Betapapillomavirus genus. Our results support the view that cervical and oral HPV infections are independent events. The observed low prevalence of both oral and cervical HPV infections could be associated with attendance in a healthcare program.

Human papillomavirus detection in cervical scrapes from women attended in the Family Health Program.

OBJECTIVES: to survey the prevalence of human papillomavirus, associated risk factors and genotype distribution in women who were referred to cervical cancer screening when attended in a Family Health Program. METHOD: we conducted a cross-sectional survey, investigating 351 women. Polymerase chain reaction for DNA amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis were used to detect and typify the papillomavirus. RESULTS: virus infection was detected in 8.8% of the samples. Among the 21 different genotypes identified in this study, 14 were high risk for cervical cancer, and the type 16 was the most prevalent type. The infection was associated with women who had non-stable sexual partners. Low risk types were associated with younger women, while the high risk group was linked to altered cytology. CONCLUSION: in this sample attended a Family Health Program, we found a low rate of papillomavirus infection. Virus frequency was associated to sexual behavior. However, the broad range of genotypes detected deserves attention regarding the vaccine coverage, which includes only HPV prevalent types.

Human papillomavirus detection in cervical scrapes from women attended in the Family Health Program / Detecção do papilomavírus humano em citologias cervicais de mulheres atendidas no Programa Saúde da Família / Detección del papilomavirus humano en citologías cervicales de mujeres atendidas en el Programa de Salud de la Familia

OBJECTIVES: to survey the prevalence of human papillomavirus, associated risk factors and genotype distribution in women who were referred to cervical cancer screening when attended in a Family Health Program. METHOD: we conducted a cross-sectional survey, investigating 351 women. Polymerase chain reaction for DNA amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis were used to detect and typify the papillomavirus. RESULTS: virus infection was detected in 8.8% of the samples. Among the 21 different genotypes identified in this study, 14 were high risk for cervical cancer, and the type 16 was the most prevalent type. The infection was associated with women who had non-stable sexual partners. Low risk types were associated with younger women, while the high risk group was linked to altered cytology. CONCLUSION: in this sample attended a Family Health Program, we found a low rate of papillomavirus infection. Virus frequency was associated to sexual behavior. However, the broad range of genotypes detected deserves attention regarding the vaccine coverage, which includes only HPV prevalent types. .

OBJETIVOS: identificar a prevalência do papilomavírus humano, os fatores de risco associados e a distribuição dos genótipos nas mulheres referenciadas para rastreamento do câncer cervical, durante o atendimento no Programa de Saúde da Família. MÉTODO: foi realizado levantamento de corte transversal com 351 mulheres. A amplificação do DNA por reação da cadeia da polimerase e a análise do polimorfismo de fragmentos de restrição foram aplicadas para detectar e tipificar o papilomavírus. RESULTADOS: a infecção pelo vírus foi detectada em 8,8% das amostras. Entre os 21 genótipos diferentes identificados neste estudo, 14 foram de alto risco para o câncer cervical, e o tipo 16 foi o mais prevalente. A infecção foi associada a mulheres com parceiros sexuais diversos. Os tipos de baixo risco foram associados com mulheres mais novas, enquanto o grupo de alto risco foi vinculado a alterações citológicas. CONCLUSÃO: nesta amostra, atendida por um Programa de Saúde da Família, encontraram-se níveis baixos de infecção pelo papilomavírus. Foi detectada, também, associação entre a frequência do vírus e o comportamento sexual. Porém, a grande variedade de genótipos detectados merece atenção relacionada à cobertura vacinal, que abrange somente tipos prevalentes de HPV. .

OBJETIVOS: identificar la prevalencia del papilomavirus humano, los factores de riesgo asociados y la distribución de los genotipos en las mujeres referenciadas para rastreo del cáncer cervical durante la atención en el Programa de Salud de la Familia. MÉTODO: fue efectuado un levantamiento trasversal con 351 mujeres. La amplificación del DNA por reacción de la cadena de la polimerasa y el análisis del polimorfismo de fragmentos de restricción fueron aplicadas para detectar y tipificar el papilomavirus. RESULTADOS: la infección por el virus fue detectada en el 8,8% de las muestras. Entre los 21 genotipos diferentes identificados en este estudio, 14 fueron de alto riesgo para el cáncer cervical, y el tipo 16 fue el más prevalente. La infección fue asociada con mujeres con parejas sexuales diversas. Los tipos de bajo riesgo fueron asociados con mujeres más nuevas, mientras el grupo de alto riesgo fue simplemente vinculado a alteraciones citológicas. CONCLUSIÓN: en esta muestra atendida por un Programa de Salud de la Familia, encontramos niveles bajos de infección por el papilomavirus. Fue encontrada una asociación entre la frecuencia del virus y el comportamiento sexual. Sin embargo, la gran variedad de genotipos detectados merece atención relacionada a la cobertura de vacunación, que abarca solamente tipos prevalentes de HPV. .

Human papillomavirus genotypes in asymptomatic young women from public schools in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this work was to survey HPV information from a random population of young women from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included cervical samples from 241 female students. To determine human papillomavirus status, polymerase chain reaction amplification was performed. HPV typing was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Demographic data, life style, sexual and gynecological history were obtained through use of a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: The average age of the women was 19.6 years-old (SD=3.4 years). HPV prevalence was 27.4%. Nineteen different HPV genotypes were detected, including 13 high risk types. HPV 16 was the most prevalent type (6.2%), followed by 31 (4.1 %) and 66 (3.7%). Most of the oncogenic types belonged to the A9 species (28/48). The frequency of women infected by at least one oncogenic type was significantly higher than those only infected by low risk types (18.7% versus 7.5%). Cervical changes were detected in 12.5% of the sample and were significantly linked to infection with HPV types of the A9 species. Demographic variables, sexual initiation, or number of sexual partners were not associated with HPV prevalence, variety of HPV genotypes or oncogenic types. CONCLUSIONS: The relative frequency of HPV genotypes other than vaccine types in young females should be taken into account when evaluating vaccination strategies. Due to the high prevalence of HPV infection among the population studied, implementation of sex education in schools, promotion of condom use and an organized screening program to prevent cervical cancer must be encouraged for this age group.

Human papillomavirus genotypes in asymptomatic young women from public schools in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil / Genótipos de papilomavírus humanos em mulheres jovens assintomáticas de escolas públicas do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this work was to survey HPV information from a random population of young women from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included cervical samples from 241 female students. To determine human papillomavirus status, polymerase chain reaction amplification was performed. HPV typing was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Demographic data, life style, sexual and gynecological history were obtained through use of a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: The average age of the women was 19.6 years-old (SD=3.4 years). HPV prevalence was 27.4 percent. Nineteen different HPV genotypes were detected, including 13 high risk types. HPV 16 was the most prevalent type (6.2 percent), followed by 31 (4.1 percent) and 66 (3.7 percent). Most of the oncogenic types belonged to the A9 species (28/48). The frequency of women infected by at least one oncogenic type was significantly higher than those only infected by low risk types (18.7 percent versus 7.5 percent). Cervical changes were detected in 12.5 percent of the sample and were significantly linked to infection with HPV types of the A9 species. Demographic variables, sexual initiation, or number of sexual partners were not associated with HPV prevalence, variety of HPV genotypes or oncogenic types. CONCLUSIONS: The relative frequency of HPV genotypes other than vaccine types in young females should be taken into account when evaluating vaccination strategies. Due to the high prevalence of HPV infection among the population studied, implementation of sex education in schools, promotion of condom use and an organized screening program to prevent cervical cancer must be encouraged for this age group.

INTRODUÇÃO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a infecção por HPV em uma população randômica de mulheres jovens no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Este estudo incluiu amostras cervicais de 241 jovens. A detecção de papilomavírus humanos foi realizada pela reação da cadeia da polimerase e a tipificação deste vírus determinada pelo polimorfismo do comprimento do fragmento de restrição. Dados demográficos, estilo de vida, história sexual e ginecológica foram obtidos através de um questionário. A média de idade das mulheres foi 19,6 anos (SD=3,4). RESULTADOS: A prevalência de HPV foi de 27,4 por cento e 19 diferentes tipos foram detectados, incluindo 13 oncogênicos. O HPV 16 foi o tipo mais prevalente (6,2 por cento), seguido do 31 (4,1 por cento) e do 66 (3,7 por cento). A maioria dos tipos oncogênicos pertencia à espécie A9 (28/48). A frequência de mulheres infectadas por ao menos um tipo oncogênico foi significantemente mais alta do que aquelas infectadas por tipos de baixo risco (18,7 por cento versus 7,5 por cento). Alterações cervicais foram detectadas em 12,5 por cento das jovens e foram positivamente relacionadas a tipos de HPV da espécie A9. Variáveis demográficas, iniciação sexual e número de parceiros sexuais não foram associados com a prevalência de HPV, variedade de genótipos ou tipos oncogênicos. CONCLUSÕES: A frequência razoável de outros genótipos além dos vacinais nestas jovens deve ser considerada para avaliação de estratégias de vacinação. Devido à alta prevalência de HPV na população estudada, a implantação de educação sexual nas escolas, incentivo ao uso de preservativo e exames preventivos devem ser encorajados nesta faixa etária.