Resistance of the fiber-derived geotextile from Typha domingensis submitted to field degradation.

Geotextiles made from plant fibers creates a suitable environment for plant growth as part of soil bioengineering techniques. The faster decomposition of plant fiber geotextiles compared to synthetic ones demands the use of composites that enhance their waterproofing and extend their durability in the environment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the resistance of a geotextile made with Thypha domingensis to degradation caused by climatic variables. Tensile strength tests were conducted in the laboratory in order to evaluate the degradation of geotextiles treated with single and double layers of waterproofing resin. Based on Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images, it was verified that applying double layer of waterproofing resin delays the fibers degradation up to 120 days of exposure to the effects of climatic variables other than temperature. The maximum resistance losses due to the geotextile's exposure to degradation were statistically significant for all three treatments: control-without waterproofing resin, with one layer resin, and with two layers resin. Therefore, waterproofing resin, provides a long-term protective solution for geotextiles made from cattail fibers.

"Effects of soil management, rotation and sequence of crops on soil nitrous oxide emissions in the Cerrado: A multi-factor assessment".

The emission of nitrous oxide (N2O), one of the main greenhouse gases, which contributes significantly to global warming, is a major challenge in modern agriculture. The effects of land use systems on N2O emissions are the result of multiple variables, whose interactions need to be better understood. In this sense, this study analyzed the possible effects of different soil managements, crop rotations and sequences, as well as edaphoclimatic factors causing N2O emissions from soils in the Cerrado biome (scrubland). The following four land-use systems were evaluated: 1) No-tillage cultivation with biennial crop rotations and sequences: legume-grass and alternating grass-legume crops in the second season - NT-SS/MP; 2) No-tillage with biennial rotations and sequences: grass-legume and alternating second crop of legume-grass - NT-MP/SS; 3) Conventional planting with disc harrow and biennial legume-grass rotation-CT-S/M; and 4) Native Cerrado (CE), no agricultural land use. The legume and grass species, planted in the two no-tillage treatments were soybean, followed by sorghum BRS3.32 (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) (SS), and maize, followed by pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) (MP). Nitrous oxide emissions were evaluated for 25 months (October 2013 to October 2015), and the results were grouped in annual, total, growing and non-growing seasons, as well as yield-scaled N2O emissions. The mean N2O fluxes were 24.14, 15.71, 32.49 and 1.87 µg m-2 h-1 in the NT-SS/MP, NT-MP/SS, CT-S/M and Cerrado areas respectively. Cumulative N2O fluxes over the total evaluation period from the systems NT-SS/MP, NT-MP/SS, CT-S/M and CE, respectively, were 3.47, 2.29, 4.87 and 0.26 kg ha-1. A correlation between N2O fluxes and the environmental variables was observed, with the exception of water-filled pore space (WFPS), but N2O peaks were associated with WFPS values of >65%. In the 2014-2015 growing season, yield-scaled N2O emissions from NT-MP/SS were lower than from CT-S/M. A multi-factor approach indicated that conventional management with main season soybean or maize and no alternating crop sequence intensifies soil N2O emissions in the Cerrado.

Effect of rapamycin on Cryptococcus neoformans: cellular organization, biophysics and virulence factors.

Background: Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes infections mainly in immunosuppressed individuals, such as transplant recipients. Aims: This study investigated the effects of rapamycin, an immunosuppressant drug, on the cellular organization, biophysical characteristics, and main virulence factors of C. neoformans. Methods: Morphological, structural, physicochemical and biophysical analyses of cells and secreted polysaccharides of the reference H99 C. neoformans strain were investigated under the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of rapamycin. Results: Rapamycin at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 2.5 µM reduced C. neoformans cell viability by 53%, decreased capsule, increased cell size, chitin and lipid body formation, and changed peptidase and urease activity. Conclusion: Further studies are needed to assess how rapamycin affects the virulence factors and pathogenicity of C. neoformans.

Cryptococcosis is a fungal infection caused by a type of fungus called Cryptococcus. Among the Cryptococcus group, Cryptococcus neoformans is often linked to fungal infections in people who have a weak immune system (known as being immunosuppressed). The main aim of this work was to look at the effect of an immunosuppressant called rapamycin, which is commonly used to prevent organ transplant rejection, on the ability of C. neoformans to cause infection. The results showed that this drug stopped the growth of the fungus, dampening its ability to cause disease.

Cyclosporine Affects the Main Virulence Factors of Cryptococcus neoformans In Vitro.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of cyclosporine on the morphology, cell wall structure, and secretion characteristics of Cryptococcus neoformans. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cyclosporine was found to be 2 µM (2.4 µg/mL) for the H99 strain. Yeast cells treated with cyclosporine at half the MIC showed altered morphology, including irregular shapes and elongated projections, without an effect on cell metabolism. Cyclosporine treatment resulted in an 18-fold increase in chitin and an 8-fold increase in lipid bodies, demonstrating changes in the fungal cell wall structure. Cyclosporine also reduced cell body and polysaccharide capsule diameters, with a significant reduction in urease secretion in C. neoformans cultures. Additionally, the study showed that cyclosporine increased the viscosity of secreted polysaccharides and reduced the electronegativity and conductance of cells. The findings suggest that cyclosporine has significant effects on C. neoformans morphology, cell wall structure, and secretion, which could have implications for the development of new antifungal agents.

Suicídio no Espírito Santo e em sua Região Serrana, 1996-2020: análise temporal / Suicidio en Espírito Santo y su Región Serrana, 1996-2020: análisis temporal / Suicide in Espirito Santo and its Mountain Region, 1996-2020: temporal analysis

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a tendência da mortalidade por suicídio no estado do Espírito Santo e em sua Região Serrana no período de 1996 a 2020. Métodos Estudo descritivo e analítico de série temporal com dados consolidados dos óbitos por suicídio na população acima de 15 anos de idade obtidos no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. As unidades de análise foram o estado do Espírito Santo e sua Região Serrana. A análise da tendência foi verificada pela regressão de Prais-Winsten e pelo cálculo da variação percentual anual. Resultados Foram notificados 3.922 óbitos por suicídio no Espírito Santo e, destes, 525 na Região Serrana. A tendência da mortalidade por suicídio no estado foi crescente na população geral acima de 15 anos (APC= 5,1; IC95%= 0,28-9,92; p=0,039). A tendência da mortalidade se manteve crescente entre a população feminina, tanto em relação ao estado (APC= 6;5; IC95%= 1,55-14,46; p=0,012) como na região serrana (APC= 15,2; IC95%= 1,21-29,20; p=0,035). A mortalidade foi crescente na faixa etária de 30 a 59 anos no estado (APC= 3,4; IC95%= 0,62-6,10; p=0,018) e na Região Serrana (APC= 2,9; IC95%= 2,02-3,86; p <0,001). Conclusão A tendência foi crescente na população geral do estado do Espírito Santo e em sua Região Serrana entre adultos jovens e do sexo feminino. A relevância da violência autoprovocada verificada nas taxas analisadas neste estudo aponta para a necessidade do emprego de estratégias preventivas, especialmente entre as mulheres.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar la tendencia de la mortalidad por suicidio en el estado de Espírito Santo y en su Región Serrana en el período de 1996 a 2020. Métodos Estudio descriptivo y analítico de serie temporal con datos consolidados de las muertes por suicidio en la población mayor de 15 años obtenidos del Sistema de Información sobre Mortalidad. Las unidades de análisis fueron el estado de Espírito Santo y su Región Serrana. El análisis de la tendencia se verificó por regresión de Prais-Winsten y por cálculo de la variación porcentual anual. Resultados Se notificaron 3.922 muertes por suicidio en Espírito Santo, de las cuales 525 fueron en la Región Serrana. La tendencia de la mortalidad por suicidio en el estado fue creciente en la población general mayor de 15 años (APC= 5,1; IC95 %= 0,28-9,92; p=0,039). La tendencia de la mortalidad se mantuvo creciente en la población femenina, tanto con relación al estado (APC= 6;5; IC95 %= 1,55-14,46; p=0,012) como en la Región Serrana (APC= 15,2; IC95 %= 1,21-29,20; p=0,035). La mortalidad fue creciente en el grupo de edad de 30 a 59 años en el estado (APC= 3,4; IC95 %= 0,62-6,10; p=0,018) y en la Región Serrana (APC= 2,9; IC95 %= 2,02-3,86; p <0,001). Conclusión La tendencia fue creciente en la población general del estado de Espírito Santo y en su Región Serrana en adultos jóvenes y de sexo femenino. La relevancia de la violencia autoprovocada verificada en los índices analizados en este estudio indica la necesidad de emplear estrategias preventivas, específicamente en mujeres.

Abstract Objective To analyze the trend of suicide mortality in the state of Espirito Santo and its Mountain Region from 1996 to 2020. Methods Descriptive and analytical time series study with consolidated data on deaths by suicide in the population over 15 years old obtained from the Mortality Information System. The units of analysis were the state of Espirito Santo and its Mountain Region. The trend analysis was verified by Prais-Winsten regression and by calculating the annual percentage change. Results A total of 3922 deaths by suicide were reported in Espirito Santo and of these, 525 in the mountain Region. The trend of suicide mortality in the state was increasing in the general population over 15 years old (APC= 5.1; 95%CI= 0.28-9.92; p=0.039). The mortality rate continued to grow among the female population, both in relation to the state (APC= 6.5; 95%CI= 1.55-14.46; p=0.012) and in the mountain region (APC= 15.2; 95%CI= 1.21-29.20; p=0.035). Mortality increased in the age group from 30 to 59 years old in the state (APC= 3.4; 95%CI= 0.62-6.10; p=0.018) and in the Mountain Region (APC= 2.9; 95%CI= 2.02-3.86; p<0.001). Conclusion The suicide trend was growing in the general population of the state of Espirito Santo and its Mountain Region among young and female adults. The relevance of self-inflicted violence verified in the rates analyzed in this study points to the need to use preventive strategies, especially among women.

Vigilância epidemiológica das tentativas de suicídio: Avaliando a qualidade dos dados / Epidemiological surveillance of attempted suicide: assessing the data quality

Resumo Contexto: A ocorrência de uma notificação para tentativa de suicídio (TS) é apontada como um importante fator de risco para o suicídio e constitui-se a primeira etapa para a inclusão do indivíduo nas linhas de cuidado. Objetivo: Avaliar a completitude do preenchimento dos formulários de registros dos casos de TS notificados no SINAN no município de Afonso Cláudio-Espírito Santo, Brasil, no período de 2014 a 2019. Método: Estudo descritivo com dados do Sistema de Informação de Notificação de Agravos. Adotou-se escore proposto por Romero e Cunha. Foi calculado o coeficiente não paramétrico de correlação linear de Spearman (rs). Resultados: Na FNI violência interpessoal/autoprovocada, as variáveis "encaminhamento" classifcou-se com completitude "ruim" e correlação positiva (rs=0,357; p=0,007); "escolaridade", obteve resultado "ruim" na completitude e correlação não significativa (rs=-0,076; p=0,058); "possui algum tipo de deficiência/transtorno" completitude "regular" e correlação positiva (rs =0,511; p<0,001); "ocorreu outras vezes" e "suspeita de uso de álcool" denotaram grau de completitude "ruim", com correlação positiva fraca (rs = 0,340; p =0,011) e resultado não significativo da correlação, respectivamnete. Na FI de notificação intoxicação exógena para TS, as variáveis "escolaridade", obteve completitude "ruim"; "evolução do caso" e "classificação final", ambas apresentaram completitude "muito ruim", com correlação significativa decrescente para "classificação final" (rs= -0,430; p< 0,001). Conclusão: A análise revelou que há lacunas importantes na qualidade da informação acerca do atributo completitude.

Abstract Context: The occurrence of an attempted suicide notification (TS) is pointed as an important risk fator for suicide and constitutes the first step to including the person into the care system. Goal: To avaluate the form filling completeness of the TS cases informed to SINAN in the municipality of Afonso Claudio-Espirito Santo, Brazil, from 2014 to 2019. Methodology: a descriptive data study of the Harm Notification Information System. It was adopted the score recommended by Romero and Cunha. It was calculated the Spearman's nonparametric coefficient of linear correlation (rs). Results: In the FNI interpersonal/self-generated harm, the variable "referral" was classified as "poor" in the positive correlation (rs=0.357; p=0.007); variable "schooling" tested "poor" in completeness and non significative correlation of (rs=0.076; p=0.058); variable "having any kind of disability/disorder" presented "regular" completeness and positive correlation of (rs=0.511; p<0.001); "happened previously" and "alcohol intake suspicion" presented "poor" completeness score, with a weak positive correlation of (rs=0.340; p=0.011) and a non significative result of the correlation, respectively. In FI of exogenous intoxication notification for TS, the variable "schooling" obtained "poor" completeness score, with a decreasing significative correlation for the "final classification" (rs= -0.430; p< 0.001). Conclusion: The study showed that there are important gaps on the data quality of the completeness attribute.

Educação Física cai no Enem: professor, você sabe quais foram os conteúdos mais recorrentes entre 2009 e 2019? / Physical Education falls on Enem: teacher, do you know what was the most recurrent content between 2009 and 2019? / La Educación Física cae en Enem: maestro, ¿sabe usted cuál fue el contenido más recurrente entre 2009 y 2019?

O presente artigo apresenta uma pesquisa documental que tem como objetivo geral mapear e categorizar as questões de Educação Física nas provas do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem) entre 2009 e 2019. Os critérios de inclusão das questões para análise foram: questões que tinham relação direta com o objeto da Educação Física, entendido como Cultura Corporal. Dentre os resultados identificamos que: 1) temos em média entre 7 a 10 questões por prova; 2) as aplicações abordam em média 4 temas estruturantes, sendo que "ginástica" e "esporte" são os temas de maior ocorrência e "jogos e brincadeiras" de menor ocorrência; 3) os objetos de conhecimento: O corpo no mundo dos símbolos e como produção de cultura; Esporte; O corpo e a expressão artística e cultural; Exercício físico e saúde; e Práticas corporais e autonomia; respectivamente, são os que mais se evidenciam nas questões.

This article presents documentary research whose general objective is to map and categorize Physical Education questions in the National High School Exam (Enem) tests between 2009 and 2019. The inclusion criteria of the questions for analysis were questions that were directly related to the object of Physical Education, understood as Corporal Culture. Among the results we identified that: 1) we have an average of 7 to 10 questions per test; 2) the applications address an average of 4 structuring themes, with "gymnastics" and "sport" being the most frequent themes and "games and games" being the least frequent; 3) the objects of knowledge: The body in the world of symbols and as a production of culture; Sport; The body and artistic and cultural expression; Physical exercise and health; and Body practices and autonomy; respectively, are the most evident in the questions.

Este artículo presenta una investigación documental cuyo objetivo general es mapear y categorizar las preguntas de Educación Física en las pruebas del Examen Nacional de Enseñanza Media (Enem) entre 2009 y 2019. Los criterios de inclusión de las preguntas para el análisis fueron: preguntas que estuvieran directamente relacionadas con el objeto de la Educación Física, entendida como Cultura Corporal. Entre los resultados identificamos que: 1) tenemos un promedio de 7 a 10 preguntas por prueba; 2) las aplicaciones abordan un promedio de 4 temas estructurantes, siendo "gimnasia" y "deporte" los temas más frecuentes y "juegos y juegos" el menos frecuente; 3) los objetos de conocimiento: El cuerpo en el mundo de los símbolos y como producción de cultura; Deporte; El cuerpo y la expresión artística y cultural; Ejercicio físico y salud; y Prácticas corporales y autonomía; respectivamente, son los más evidentes en las preguntas.

Stage IV invasive breast cancer in an indigenous villager: a case report and review of literature

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Among the risk factors related to this disease, lifestyle and unhealthy diet have important relevance. In the present report, we describe the case of an indigenous villager who consumed processed foods, such as snacks, soft drinks, artificial juice and biscuits. Therefore, we were able to observe a transition in habits of the indigenous population with possible epidemiological repercussions.

Perfil de comportamento e hábitos de vida de homens frente à masculinidade / Behavior profile and life habits of men in the face of masculinity

Objetivo: avaliar o perfil de comportamento e hábitos de homens frente à masculinidade. Método: descritivo exploratório de abordagem quantitativa, com 61 funcionários masculinos em uma empresa de grande porte num município do Vale do Araguaia, região da Amazônia legal no Mato Grosso, Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu por entrevista, a partir do uso do questionário do Ministério da Saúde "Descubra que tipo de homem você é" que foi avaliado por estatística descritiva no programa Epi Info versão 3.5.1. Resultados: constatou-se que 38% raramente consome legumes e verduras; em contrapartida 20% afirmaram consumir doces e alimentos gordurosos diariamente. Sobre o sono, 51% dos entrevistados afirmaram que tem somente até 6 horas de sono por noite. Quanto à atividade física 38% relataram que não praticam, 41% pratica 3 vezes por semana e 21% pratica mais de 3 vezes por semana. Em relação às bebidas de alcoólicas 57% fazem o consumo moderado, e 10% afirmaram serem tabagistas. Com relação à última visita aos serviços de saúde 53% relatam ter realizado há 1 ano, 74% afirmaram que se deslocam ao serviço de saúde somente em caso de doença. Conclusões: observou-se que os homens não aderem à prevenção de doenças e visualizam o serviço de saúde bem como a assistência à saúde como um serviço voltado para ações meramente curativas.

Objective: to evaluate the profile of behavior and habits of men towards masculinity. Method: this is a descriptive exploratory quantitative approach performed with 61 male employees in a large company in a municipality of Vale do Araguaia, Amazônia legal, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Data collection took place by interview, using the Ministry of Health questionnaire "Find out what kind of man you are", which was assessed by descriptive statistics in the Epi Info version 3.5.1 program. Results: it was found that 38% rarely consumed vegetables and greens; on the other hand, 20% said they consume sweets and fatty foods daily. About sleep, 51% of respondents said they only have up to 6 hours of sleep per night. Regarding physical activity, 38% reported not practicing, 41% practicing 3 times a week and 21% practicing more than 3 times a week. Concerning alcoholic beverages, 57% made moderate consumption, and 10% said they were smokers. About the last visit to the health services, 53% reported having performed 1 year ago, 74% said that they go to the health service only in case of illness. Conclusions: it was observed that men do not adhere to disease prevention and visualize the health service as well as health care as a service aimed at merely curative actions. Discussing human health and implementing the National Policy for Comprehensive Health Care for Man (PNAISH) has been a challenge faced continuously by health professionals and researchers in order to promote health actions that genuinely reach Brazilian men.

Conhecimento, atitude e prática dos enfermeiros da atenção primária em relação a parada cardiorrespiratória / Knowledge, attitude and practice of primary care nurses in connection with the cardiorrespiratory arrest / Conocimiento, actitud y práctica de las enfermeras de atención primaria en relación con el desfile cardiorrespiratorio

Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento, atitude e prática, dos enfermeiros atuantes na atenção primária, no atendimento a Parada Cardiorrespiratória (PCR). Método: Tratar-se de um estudo de corte transversal, os dados foram coletados a partir Escala de Avaliação do Conhecimento Atitude Prática na Reanimação Cardiorrespiratória - CAPRCP-25. Resultados: Dos 29 enfermeiros inseridos nas UBS, 24 (82,75%) participaram do estudo. 87,5% dos participantes tiveram dificuldades de identificar a sequência correta do atendimento, 70,8% em identificar os ritmos indicativos de desfibrilação, 70,8% não reconhecem as técnicas utilizadas na aplicação de medicação na PCR e 62,5% relataram não possuir segurança quanto a todos os passos a serem realizados no atendimento a PCR. Conclusão: Apesar de reconhecer a importância do tema, a competência do enfermeiro no atendimento a vítimas de PCR mostrou-se insatisfatória. Tal fato torna-se fundamental a implantação de treinamento e capacitação contínua dos profissionais.(AU)

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses working in primary care in Cardiorespiratory arrest (CRP). Method: This was a cross-sectional study, in which data were collected from the Practical Attitude on Cardiorespiratory Resuscitation Knowledge Assessment Scale - CAPRCP-25. Results: Of the 29 nurses in the UBS, 24 (82.75%) participated in the study. 87.5% of participants had difficulty identifying the correct sequence of care, 70.8% in identifying the defibrillation indicative rhythms, 70.8% did not recognize the techniques used in the application of medication in CRP and 62.5% reported no have confidence in all the steps to be taken in attending the PCR. Conclusion: Despite recognizing the importance of the theme, the nurse's competence in caring for CRP victims was unsatisfactory. This fact becomes fundamental to the implementation of training and continuous qualification of professionals.(AU)

Objetivo: Evaluar el conocimiento, la actitud y la práctica de las enfermeras que trabajan en la atención primaria en la atención de la Paro cardiorespiratorio (PCR). Método: Este fue un estudio de corte transversal, en el que los datos se recopilaron de la Escala de Evaluación del Conocimiento de Actitud Práctica en Resucitación Cardiorrespiratoria - CAPRCP-25. Resultados: De las 29 enfermeras en la UBS, 24 (82.75%) participaron en el estudio. El 87.5% de los participantes tuvo dificultades para identificar la secuencia correcta de atención, el 70.8% en la identificación de los ritmos indicativos de desfibrilación, el 70.8% no reconoció las técnicas utilizadas en la aplicación de medicamentos en la PCR y el 62.5% informó que no Tenga confianza en todos los pasos a seguir para asistir al PCR. Conclusion: a pesar de reconocer la importancia del tema de la PCR, la competencia de la enfermera en el cuidado de las víctimas de la PCR fue insatisfactoria. Este hecho se vuelve fundamental para la implementación de la capacitación y la capacitación continua de los profesionales.(AU)

Fatores associados ao papilomavírus humano entre mulheres com câncer de colo uterino / Factors associated to the human papillomavirus in women with cervical cancer

RESUMO Objetivo analisar os fatores associados ao papilomavírus humano com o câncer de colo uterino. Métodos estudo transversal, por meio de dados secundários de 75 prontuários. Realizaram-se os testes qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher, considerando a infecção pelo papilomavírus como desfecho, sendo empregado odds ratio como medida de efeito, e adotado nível de significância de 5%. Resultados idade até 24 anos (odds ratio=19,11; p=0,001), ter concluído o ensino médio ou nível superior (odds ratio=4,06; p=0,031), possuir múltiplos parceiros sexuais (odds ratio=5,50; p=0,028) e não ter vivenciado a menopausa (p=0,009) foram características associadas com a infecção pelo papilomavírus. Conclusão comportamento sexual e questões socioeconômicas estão relacionadas ao câncer de colo de útero associado à infecção pelo papilomavírus.

ABSTRACT Objective to analyze the factors associated with the human papillomavirus as related to cervical cancer. Methods cross-sectional study carried out using secondary data from 75 medical records. The chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used, considering papillomavirus infections as an outcome. Odds ratio were used to measure the effect, and the level of significance adopted was 5%. Results the characteristics associated to the infection by the papillomavirus were: being 24 years old or younger (odds ratio=19.11; p=0.001), having finished high school or higher education (odds ratio=4.06; p=0.031), having multiple sex partners (odds ratio=5.50; p=0.028), and having not gone through menopause (p=0.009). Conclusion sexual behavior and socioeconomic issues are related to cervical cancer as associated with the papillomavirus infection.

Relationship of alcohol consumption and mental disorders common with the quality of life of patients in primary health care. / Relação do uso de álcool e transtornos mentais comuns com a qualidade de vida de pacientes na atenção primária em saúde.

The objective was to measure the Quality of Life (QoL) of the patients treated in Primary Health Care in the city of Rio de Janeiro and its own association with CMD, alcohol consumption and socio-demographic aspects. This is a cross-sectional study involving 624 patients in 2012/2013, using: General Health Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Screening for Somatoform Symptoms, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test e World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument (bref version). There were conducted a bivariate analysis and a multiple linear regressions for each domain of QOL. The QoL score for the domains, physical, psychological, social relationships and environment were: 61,2; 62,6; 66 and 50,9. In multivariate analysis, the QOL was negatively associated to the CMD, especially in the psychological domain (ß = -15,75; p-value = 0,00), and the dependence on physical (ß = -5,38; p-value = 0,05). There was a positive and significant association of the QoL with the risk consumption (ß = 5,77) and the harmful consumption (ß = 6,15) in the environment domain, and with the first in the psychological domain (ß = 7,08). CMD and alcohol dependence are associated with the loss of QOL, but other patterns of consumption, even being harmful are associated with higher QOL.

Objetivou-se mensurar a Qualidade de Vida (QV) de pacientes da Atenção Primária em Saúde do município do Rio de Janeiro e verificar sua associação com Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC), uso de álcool e aspectos sociodemográficos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 624 pacientes em 2012/2013 e aplicação dos instrumentos: "General Health Questionnaire", "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale", "Screening for Somatoform Symptoms", "Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test" e "World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument (bref version)". Realizou-se análise bivariada (Teste-t) e regressões lineares múltiplas para cada domínio de QV. Os escores QV para os domínios físico, psicológico, relações sociais e meio-ambiente foram: 61,2; 62,6; 66 e 50,9. Na análise multivariada, a QV associou-se negativamente aos TMC, principalmente no domínio psicológico (ß = -15,75; p-valor = 0,00), e a dependência no domínio físico (ß = -5,38; p-valor = 0,05). Houve associação positiva e significativa da QV com consumo de risco (ß = 5,77) e nocivo (ß = 6,15) no domínio meio ambiente, e com o primeiro no domínio psicológico (ß = 7,08). TMC e a dependência de álcool estão associados à perda da QV, porém outros padrões de consumo, mesmo sendo nocivos, se associaram a maior QV.

Relação do uso de álcool e transtornos mentais comuns com a qualidade de vida de pacientes na atenção primária em saúde / Relationship of alcohol consumption and mental disorders common with the quality of life of patients in primary health care

Resumo Objetivou-se mensurar a Qualidade de Vida (QV) de pacientes da Atenção Primária em Saúde do município do Rio de Janeiro e verificar sua associação com Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC), uso de álcool e aspectos sociodemográficos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 624 pacientes em 2012/2013 e aplicação dos instrumentos: "General Health Questionnaire", "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale", "Screening for Somatoform Symptoms", "Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test" e "World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument (bref version)". Realizou-se análise bivariada (Teste-t) e regressões lineares múltiplas para cada domínio de QV. Os escores QV para os domínios físico, psicológico, relações sociais e meio-ambiente foram: 61,2; 62,6; 66 e 50,9. Na análise multivariada, a QV associou-se negativamente aos TMC, principalmente no domínio psicológico (β = -15,75; p-valor = 0,00), e a dependência no domínio físico (β = -5,38; p-valor = 0,05). Houve associação positiva e significativa da QV com consumo de risco (β = 5,77) e nocivo (β = 6,15) no domínio meio ambiente, e com o primeiro no domínio psicológico (β = 7,08). TMC e a dependência de álcool estão associados à perda da QV, porém outros padrões de consumo, mesmo sendo nocivos, se associaram a maior QV.

Abstract The objective was to measure the Quality of Life (QoL) of the patients treated in Primary Health Care in the city of Rio de Janeiro and its own association with CMD, alcohol consumption and socio-demographic aspects. This is a cross-sectional study involving 624 patients in 2012/2013, using: General Health Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Screening for Somatoform Symptoms, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test e World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument (bref version). There were conducted a bivariate analysis and a multiple linear regressions for each domain of QOL. The QoL score for the domains, physical, psychological, social relationships and environment were: 61,2; 62,6; 66 and 50,9. In multivariate analysis, the QOL was negatively associated to the CMD, especially in the psychological domain (β = -15,75; p-value = 0,00), and the dependence on physical (β = -5,38; p-value = 0,05). There was a positive and significant association of the QoL with the risk consumption (β = 5,77) and the harmful consumption (β = 6,15) in the environment domain, and with the first in the psychological domain (β = 7,08). CMD and alcohol dependence are associated with the loss of QOL, but other patterns of consumption, even being harmful are associated with higher QOL.

Dor lombar e transtornos mentais comuns na Estratégia Saúde da Família: uma associação pouco reconhecida / Low back pain and common mental disorders in Family Health Strategy: an association little recognized / Dolor lumbar y trastornos mentales comunes en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia: una asociación poco reconocida

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil sociodemográfico dos pacientes atendidos na Estratégia Saúde da Família de quatro capitais brasileiras (Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Porto Alegre e Fortaleza) com dor lombar e investigar a associação entre dor lombar e depressão, ansiedade e somatização. Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal com 1857 pacientes atendidos nos anos de 2009 (setembro a novembro) e 2010 (junho a agosto). Instrumentos: rastreio de somatização (SOMS-2), avaliação de ansiedade e depressão (HAD), Questionário Geral do Paciente, para dados sociodemográficos e o Formulário do Profissional Assistente, com as informações referentes as consultas. A dor lombar foi analisada a partir da frequência de três diferentes formas de apresentação: queixa autorreferida pelo paciente, sintoma registrado pelo médico e diagnóstico de lombalgia confirmado pelo médico. Resultados: 77,3% eram mulheres com mais de quatro anos de estudo e renda per capita inferior a um salário mínimo e meio. Encontramos associação significativa de queixa de dor lombar com ansiedade (OR=1,5, 95% IC 1,02-2,16) e somatização (OR=1,8, 95% IC 1,12-2,88), mas não com depressão. Pacientes que apresentavam queixa de dor lombar, porém sem registro do sintoma pelo médico, apresentaram associações ainda mais fortes com ansiedade (OR=1,6, 95% IC 1,03-2,63) e somatização (OR=2,3, 95% IC 1,33-3,99). A confirmação do diagnóstico de dor lombar pelo médico não se associou significativamente com nenhum transtorno. Conclusão: Considerando a dor lombar como uma das queixas de maior prevalência na Atenção Primária e sua associação significativa com ansiedade e somatização, recomenda-se a abordagem da ansiedade e somatização em pacientes com queixa de dor lombar.

Objective: To describe the demographic profile of the patients assisted in the Family Health Strategy of four Brazilian capitals (Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Porto Alegre and Fortaleza) with low back pain and investigate the association between low back pain and depression, anxiety and somatization. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 1857 patients served in the years 2009 (September to November) and 2010 (June to August). Instruments: Screening of somatization (SOMS-2), evaluation of anxiety and depression (HAD), General Questionnaire of the Patient, for sociodemographic data and the Form of the Professional Assistant, with the information regarding the consultations. The low back pain was analyzed from the frequency of three different forms of presentation: auto reference complaint by the patient, symptom recorded by the doctor and diagnosis of backache confirmed by the doctor. Results: 77.3% were women with more than four years of study and per capita income less than a minimum wage and a half. We found significant association of low back pain complaints with anxiety (OR=1.5, 95% IC 1,02-2,16) and somatization (OR=1.8, 95% IC 1,12-2,88) but not with depression. Patients who complained of low back pain, but there was no record of the symptom by the doctor, presented even stronger associations with anxiety (OR=1.6, 95% IC 1,03-2,63) and somatization (OR=2.3, 95% IC 1,33-3,99). Confirmation of the diagnosis of low back pain by the doctor has not been associated significantly with any disorder. Conclusion: Considering low back pain as one of the most prevalence complaints in Primary Care and its significant association with anxiety and Somatization, it is recommended to approach anxiety and somatization in patients with a complaint of low back pain.

Objetivo: Describir el perfil demográfico de los pacientes asistidos en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia de cuatro capitales brasileño (Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Porto Alegre y Fortaleza) con dolor lumbar e investigar la asociación entre el dolor lumbar y la depresión, ansiedad y somatización. Métodos: Estudio transversal con 1857 pacientes atendidos en los años 2009 (septiembre a noviembre) y 2010 (junio a agosto). Instrumentos: seguimiento de la somatización (SOMS-2), evaluación de la ansiedad y depresión (HAD), Cuestionario General del Paciente, para datos sociodemográficas y el Reporte del Profesional Asistente, con la información relativa a las consultas. El dolor lumbar fue analizado a partir de la frecuencia de tres diversas formas de presentación: queja auto-referida por el paciente, síntoma registrado por el médico y diagnosis del lumbago confirmado por el médico. Resultados: 77,3% fueron mujeres con más de cuatro años de estudio y renta per cápita menos de un salario mínimo y medio. Encontramos la asociación significativa de queja del dolor lumbar con la ansiedad (RM=1,5, el 95% IC 1,02-2,16) y somatización (RM=1,8, el 95% IC 1,12-2,88) pero no con la depresión. Los pacientes que se quejaron de dolor lumbar, pero no había registro del síntoma por el médico, presentaron asociaciones incluso más fuertes con la ansiedad (RM=1,6, el 95% IC 1,03-2,63) y somatización (RM=2,3, el 95% IC 1,33-3,99). La confirmación del diagnóstico de dolor lumbar por el médico no se ha asociado significativamente con ningún trastorno. Conclusión: Considerando el dolor lumbar como una de las quejas prevalentes de la mayoría en la Atención Primaria y su asociación significativa con la ansiedad y la somatización, se recomienda abordar a la ansiedad y a la somatización en pacientes con quejas de dolor lumbar.

Comparative study of post-growth annealing of Cu(hfac)2, Co2(CO)8 and Me2Au(acac) metal precursors deposited by FEBID.

Non-noble metals, such as Cu and Co, as well as noble metals, such as Au, can be used in a number modern technological applications, which include advanced scanning-probe systems, magnetic memory and storage, ferroelectric tunnel junction memristors, metal interconnects for high performance integrated circuits in microelectronics and nano-optics applications, especially in the areas of plasmonics and metamaterials. Focused-electron-beam-induced deposition (FEBID) is a maskless direct-write tool capable of defining 3-dimensional metal deposits at nanometre scale for above applications. However, codeposition of organic ligands when using organometallic precursors is a typical problem that limits FEBID of pure metal nanostructures. In this work, we present a comparative study using a post-growth annealing protocol at 100, 200, and 300 °C under high vacuum on deposits obtained from Co2(CO)8, Cu(II)(hfac)2, and Me2Au(acac) to study improvements on composition and electrical conductivity. Although the as-deposited material was similar for all precursors, metal grains embedded in a carbonaceous matrix, the post-growth annealing results differed. Cu-containing deposits showed the formation of pure Cu nanocrystals at the outer surface of the initial deposit for temperatures above 100 °C, due to the migration of Cu atoms from the carbonaceous matrix containing carbon, oxygen, and fluorine atoms. The average size of the Cu crystals doubles between 100 and 300 °C of annealing temperature, while the composition remains constant. In contrast, for Co-containing deposits oxygen release was observed upon annealing, while the carbon content remained approximately constant; the cobalt atoms coalesced to form a metallic film. The as-deposited Au-containing material shows subnanometric grains that coalesce at 100 °C, maintaining the same average size at annealing temperatures up to 300 °C. Raman analysis suggests that the amorphous carbonaceous matrix of the as-written Co, Cu and Au deposits turned into nanocrystalline graphite with comparable crystal sizes of 12-14 nm at 300 °C annealing temperature. However, we observed a more effective formation of graphite clusters in Co- than in Cu- and Au-containing deposits. The graphitisation has a minor influence on the electrical conductivity improvements of Co-C deposits, which is attributed to the high as-deposited Co content and the related metal grain percolation. On the contrary, electrical conductivity improvements by factors of 30 and 12 for, respectively, Cu-C and Au-C deposits with low metal content are mainly attributed to the graphitisation. This relatively simple vacuum-based post-growth annealing protocol may be useful for other precursors as it proved to be efficient in reliably tuning the electrical properties of as-deposited FEBID materials. Finally, a H2-assisted gold purification protocol is demonstrated at temperatures around 300 °C by fully removing the carbon matrix and drastically reducing the electrical resistance of the deposit.

Metabolic and endocrinological factors related to nephrolithiasis pre and post multiple techniques of bariatric surgery: a sistematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Despite of benefits of bariatric surgery for obesity treatment, the procedure may be related to some complications. AIM: Analyze studies to address the relation between nephrolithiasis and bariatric surgery. METHODS: Ten papers about this theme were selected from 2005-2013 in Pubmed, describing the relation of nephrolithiasis or their risk factors with several types of bariatric surgery. RESULTS: Retrospective studies with minimal follow-up of three years demonstrated 7,65% in surgery patients and 4,63% non-surgery with nephrolithiasis (p<0,05). Prospective studies (8 of 10) revealed large percentage of calculi appearing and significant increase in oxaluria. CONCLUSION: There is correlation between obesity surgery and nephrolithiasis.

Metabolic and endocrinological factors related to nephrolithiasis pre and post multiple techniques of bariatric surgery: a sistematic review / Fatores endócrinos e metabólicos relacionados à nefrolitíase pré e pós técnicas diversas de cirurgia bariátrica: uma revisão sistemática

INTRODUCTION: Despite of benefits of bariatric surgery for obesity treatment, the procedure may be related to some complications. AIM: Analyze studies to address the relation between nephrolithiasis and bariatric surgery. METHODS: Ten papers about this theme were selected from 2005-2013 in Pubmed, describing the relation of nephrolithiasis or their risk factors with several types of bariatric surgery. RESULTS: Retrospective studies with minimal follow-up of three years demonstrated 7,65% in surgery patients and 4,63% non-surgery with nephrolithiasis (p<0,05). Prospective studies (8 of 10) revealed large percentage of calculi appearing and significant increase in oxaluria. CONCLUSION: There is correlation between obesity surgery and nephrolithiasis. .

INTRODUÇÃO: Apesar dos benefícios das operações bariátricas para o tratamento da obesidade, elas podem acompanhar algumas complicações. OBJETIVO: Analisar estudos que enfoquem a relação entre nefrolitíase e procedimentos cirúrgicos bariátricos. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados 10 estudos de 2005 a 2013 no PubMed que descreviam a relação de nefrolitíase ou seus fatores de risco com diversas técnicas de cirurgia bariátrica. RESULTADOS: Estudos retrospectivos, com seguimento por no mínimo três anos, demonstraram que 7,65% dos pacientes operados e 4,63% dos não operados apresentaram nefrolitíase (p<0,05). Estudos prospectivos (8 dos 10) verificaram grande porcentagem de aparecimento de nefrolitíase ou aumento significativo na oxalúria. CONCLUSÃO: Os estudos mostraram que há relação entre operações para obesidade e nefrolitíase. .

Fatores de risco e proteção para o consumo de drogas: conhecimento de estudantes de uma escola pública / Risk factors and protection against drug use: knowledge of public school students

RESUMO Objetivou-se investigar os fatores de risco e proteção para o consumo de drogas entre estudantes de uma escola municipal em Vitória - ES. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratória, com uma população de 500 alunos, matriculados em 2011. Dos escolares, 62,5% relatam que conversar sobre drogas com os pais diminui as chances de consumir, 41,7% referem que conviver com familiares e/ou amigos usuários os torna mais vulneráveis ao uso. Ainda, 70,8% destes, relataram que a autoestima elevada previne ouso de SPAs. Portanto, para desenvolver atividades de prevenção ao uso de SPAs, primeiramente faz-se necessário conhecer as atitudes e crenças dos alunos, bem como da escola, família e comunidade.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the risk and protective factors for drug use among students of a municipal school in Vitoria - ES. This is a descriptive, exploratory, with a population of 500 students enrolled in 2011. Of students, 62.5% report that talk about drugs with their parents decreases the chances of consuming, 41.7% report living with family and / or friends users makes them more vulnerable to use. Still, 70.8% of these reported that high self esteem prevents the use of PAS. Therefore, to develop prevention activities to the use of PAS, first it is necessary to know the attitudes and beliefs of students as well as school, family and community.

Uso de substâncias psicoativas ilícitas por estudantes de pedagogia de uma universidade pública / Use of illicit drugs by students of a public university of pedagogy

RESUMO Esta pesquisa objetivou traçar o perfil do uso de drogas ilícitas entre acadêmicos do curso de graduação em Pedagogia do Centro de Educação da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Realizou-se um estudo quantitativo, exploratório, descritivo e transversal. A população estudada foi constituída de alunos matriculados no referido curso no segundo semestre de 2010. O questionário utilizado foi o proposto pela Secretaria Nacional de Políticas sobre Drogas. Encontrou-se um maior uso de drogas na vida de tranqulizantes e ansiolíticos (15%) e anfetamínicos (7,8%). Os estudantes do sexo masculino usam mais maconha do que as mulheres, assim como os estudantes que relataram não ter religião. O presente estudo detectou que a maconha, os inalantes e solventes, os tranqulizantes e os anfetamínicos, são as principais drogas de escolha pelos universitários.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to profile the use of illicit drugs by students of undergraduate education in the Center of Education of the Federal University of Espírito Santo. We conducted a quantitative, exploratory, descriptive and transversal study. The study population consisted of students enrolled in that course in the second half of 2010. The questionnaire used was the one proposed by the National Secretariat about Drug Policy. Was found a higherdrug use in the lives of tranquilizers and anxiolytics (15%) and amphetamines (7.8%). The male students use more marijuana than women, as well as students who reported having no religion. This study found that marijuana, inhalants and solvents, tranquilizers and amphetamines, were the main drugs of choice for students of graduation.

Prevalência de adesão a fármacos anti-hipertensivos: registro de mundo real / Prevalence of adherence to antihypertensive drugs: real world registry

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) é um problema de saúde pública tanto em países desenvolvidos quanto em desenvolvimento. Adesão a fármacos prescritos representa importante fator de bom prognóstico para os pacientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as taxas de adesão a fármacos anti-hipertensivos de pacientes hipertensos. MÉTODOS:Estudo de mundo real, multicêntrico, transversal, prospectivo e analítico, que recrutou 850 pacientes hipertensos (média de idade de 62 ± 11 anos, 225 homens e 625 mulheres) no período de agosto de 2010 a julho de 2012. Foram avaliadas as características clínicas, sociais, econômicas e culturais dos pacientes.A adesão aos fármacos anti-hipertensivos foi avaliada através do questionário de Morisky-Green. Foi realizada estatística descrita das prevalências das características analisadas. RESULTADOS:As principais características clínicas, sociais, econômicas e culturais dos pacientes foram dislipidemia (DLP) 319 pacientes (37%), diabetes mellitus (DM) 213 (25%), tabagismo 204 (24%), doença arterial periférica 159 (19%), acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) prévio 69 (8%), doença renal crônica 37 (4%),analfabetismo 303 (35%), doença arterial coronariana (DAC) 85 (10%). Antecedentes familiares: HAS 142 (17%), DAC 96(11,2%), AVE 94 (11%), DM 90 (10%), DLP 77 (9%) e doença renal crônica 27 (3%). A taxa de adesão a fármacos anti-hipertensivos foi de 40%. CONCLUSÃO: A taxa de adesão aos anti-hipertensivos foi baixa, refletindo que menos da metade dos pacientes tomavam adequadamente os fármacos. Portanto a sua adesão representou importante fator do tratamento de hipertensos que necessita ser melhorado.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Systemic hypertension (SH) is a public health problem both in developed and developing countries. Adherence to antihypertensive drugs representsan important factor for good patients' prognosis. We aimed to evaluate the rate of adherence to antihypertensive drugs among hypertensive patients. METHODS: This is a multicenter, cross-sectional, prospective, analytical, real world registry, which enrolled 850 hypertensive patients (mean age 62 ± 11 years, 225 men and 650 women) between August 2010 and July 2012. Clinical, social, cultural and economic characteristics were evaluated. The adherence to antihypertensive drugs was assessed by Morisky-Green questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: The main clinical, social, cultural and economic characteristics were: dyslipidemia (DLP), 319 patients (37%); diabetes mellitus (DM), 213 (25%); smoking,204 (24%); peripheral artery disease, 159 (19%); prior stroke, 69 (8%); chronic renal disease (CRD), 37 (4%); illiteracy, 303 (35%); coronary artery disease (CAD), 85 (10%). Family history: systemic hypertension, 142 (17%); CAD, 96 (11.2%); stroke, 94 (11%); DM, 90 (10%); DLP, 77 (9%); and CRD, 27 (3%). The rate of adherence to antihypertensive drugs was of 40%. CONCLUSION:The rate of adherence to antihypertensive drugs was low, showing that less than 50% of the patients were taking their medicines according to recommendations. Therefore, adherence to antihypertensive drugs represents an important point of treatment that should be improved.