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1.
Sci Rep ; 8(1): 736, 2018 01 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29335438

RESUMO

Many previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have documented sex differences in brain morphology, but the patterns of sexual brain differences in transgender women - male sex assigned at birth - with a diagnosis of gender dysphoria (TW) have been rarely investigated to date. We acquired T1-weighted MRI data for the following four (n = 80) groups: treatment-naïve TW (TNTW), TW treated with cross-sex hormones for at least one year (TTW), cisgender men, and cisgender women (cisgender individuals as controls). Differences in whole-brain and regional white matter volume and grey matter volume (GMV) were assessed using voxel-based morphometry. We found lower global brain volumes and regional GMVs in a large portion of the posterior-superior frontal cortex in the cisgender women group than in the TTW and cisgender men groups. Additionally, both transgender groups exhibited lower bilateral insular GMVs than the cisgender women group. Our results highlight differences in the insula in both transgender groups; such differences may be characteristic of TW. Furthermore, these alterations in the insula could be related to the neural network of body perception and reflect the distress that accompanies gender dysphoria.


Assuntos
Hormônios Esteroides Gonadais/administração & dosagem , Substância Cinzenta/anatomia & histologia , Pessoas Transgênero , Substância Branca/anatomia & histologia , Adulto , Antropometria , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem
2.
Cereb Cortex ; 26(9): 3851-65, 2016 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26315689

RESUMO

Aging is associated with decreased resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) within the default mode network (DMN), but most functional imaging studies have restricted the analysis to specific brain regions or networks, a strategy not appropriate to describe system-wide changes. Moreover, few investigations have employed operational psychiatric interviewing procedures to select participants; this is an important limitation since mental disorders are prevalent and underdiagnosed and can be associated with RSFC abnormalities. In this study, resting-state fMRI was acquired from 59 adults free of cognitive and psychiatric disorders according to standardized criteria and based on extensive neuropsychological and clinical assessments. We tested for associations between age and whole-brain RSFC using Partial Least Squares, a multivariate technique. We found that normal aging is not only characterized by decreased RSFC within the DMN but also by ubiquitous increases in internetwork positive correlations and focal internetwork losses of anticorrelations (involving mainly connections between the DMN and the attentional networks). Our results reinforce the notion that the aging brain undergoes a dedifferentiation processes with loss of functional diversity. These findings advance the characterization of healthy aging effects on RSFC and highlight the importance of adopting a broad, system-wide perspective to analyze brain connectivity.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento/patologia , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Encéfalo/anatomia & histologia , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Conectoma/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Transtornos Cognitivos/patologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/patologia , Transtornos Mentais/fisiopatologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Rede Nervosa/anatomia & histologia , Rede Nervosa/fisiologia , Vias Neurais/anatomia & histologia , Vias Neurais/fisiologia , Valores de Referência , Descanso/fisiologia , Adulto Jovem
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