Resin-modified glass ionomer containing calcium glycerophosphate: physico-mechanical properties and enamel demineralization.

BACKGROUND: Sources of calcium and phosphate have been added to dental restorative materials to improve their anticaries effect. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effect of adding calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP) to resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) on the physico-mechanical properties, ion release, and enamel demineralization. Material and Methods: Specimens were fabricated for each experimental group: RMGIC without CaGP (Control), RMGIC with 1, 3 and 9% CaGP. To determine the release of fluoride (F), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P), six specimens were immersed in demineralization and remineralization solutions for 15 days. In another experimental trial, the following physico-mechanical properties were evaluated at time intervals of 1 and 7 days after fabrication: compressive strength (n=12), diametral tensile strength (n=12), surface hardness of material (n=6) and the degree of conversion of monomers (n=8). To study enamel demineralization, specimens (n=12) were attached to enamel blocks and submitted to pH-cycling. Subsequently, surface and cross-sectional hardness and the concentration of F, Ca and P in enamel were determined. RESULTS: The addition of CaGP to RMGIC led to higher mean release of F, Ca and P when compared with control (p<0.001). Mechanical properties were within the range of those of the ionomer cements after addition of 1% and 3% CaGP. The degree of conversion did not differ between groups at the 1st and the 7th day (p>0.439). The addition of 3% and 9% CaGP reduced mineral loss and increased F, Ca and P in the enamel when compared with control (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The addition of 3% CaGP in RMGIC increased the release of F, P and Ca, reduced enamel demineralization, and maintained the physico-mechanical properties within the parameters for this material.

Resin-modified glass ionomer containing calcium glycerophosphate: physico-mechanical properties and enamel demineralization

Abstract Sources of calcium and phosphate have been added to dental restorative materials to improve their anticaries effect. Objective This study evaluated the effect of adding calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP) to resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) on the physico-mechanical properties, ion release, and enamel demineralization. Material and Methods: Specimens were fabricated for each experimental group: RMGIC without CaGP (Control), RMGIC with 1, 3 and 9% CaGP. To determine the release of fluoride (F), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P), six specimens were immersed in demineralization and remineralization solutions for 15 days. In another experimental trial, the following physico-mechanical properties were evaluated at time intervals of 1 and 7 days after fabrication: compressive strength (n=12), diametral tensile strength (n=12), surface hardness of material (n=6) and the degree of conversion of monomers (n=8). To study enamel demineralization, specimens (n=12) were attached to enamel blocks and submitted to pH-cycling. Subsequently, surface and cross-sectional hardness and the concentration of F, Ca and P in enamel were determined. Results The addition of CaGP to RMGIC led to higher mean release of F, Ca and P when compared with control (p<0.001). Mechanical properties were within the range of those of the ionomer cements after addition of 1% and 3% CaGP. The degree of conversion did not differ between groups at the 1st and the 7th day (p>0.439). The addition of 3% and 9% CaGP reduced mineral loss and increased F, Ca and P in the enamel when compared with control (p<0.05). Conclusion The addition of 3% CaGP in RMGIC increased the release of F, P and Ca, reduced enamel demineralization, and maintained the physico-mechanical properties within the parameters for this material.

Efeito da incorporação do glicerofosfato de cálcio ao cimento de ionômero de vidro nas propriedades físico-mecânicas e na desmineralização do esmalte / The effect of calcium glycerophosphate added to the glass ionomer cement on the physico-mechanical properties and enamel demineralization

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da incorporação do glicerofosfato de cálcio (CaGP) ao cimento de ionômero de vidro (CIV) nas propriedades físicomecânicas e na desmineralização do esmalte. Foram confeccionados corpos-de-prova (n=56) para cada grupo experimental: CIV sem CaGP (CIV), CIV com CaGP 1, 3 e 9%. Seis corpos-de-prova foram utilizados na determinação da liberação de fluoreto (F), cálcio (Ca) e fósforo (P) em soluções de desmineralização e remineralização durante 15 dias. As propriedades físico-mecânicas avaliadas 24 horas e 7 dias após a confecção foram: resistência à compressão (n=12), resistência à tração diametral (n=12), dureza de superfície do material (n=6) e grau de conversão de monômeros (n=8). Para o estudo da desmineralização do esmalte, corpos-de-prova (n=12) foram adaptados a blocos de esmalte selecionados pelo teste de dureza de superfície inicial (DS1) e submetidos às ciclagens de pH. A seguir, foi analisada a dureza de superfície final (DS2) e a concentração de F, Ca e P no esmalte. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância seguida pelo teste de Student-Newman-Keuls (p<0,05). A adição de CaGP levou a maior média de liberação de F, Ca e P pelos materiais quando comparado ao CIV (p<0,001). As propriedades mecânicas (tração, compressão e dureza) com a adição de 1% e 3% CaGP apresentaram dentro da variação dos cimentos ionoméricos. O grau de conversão não diferiu entre os grupos nos tempos de 24 horas e 7 dias (p>0,439). A adição de 3% e 9% CaGP reduziu a perda mineral e aumentou o F, Ca e P no esmalte quando comparado ao CIV (p<0,05). Pode-se concluir que a incorporação de 3% CaGP ao CIV aumenta a liberação de F, P e Ca, promove redução na desmineralização do esmalte mantendo as propriedades físico-mecânicas dentro dos parâmetros para este material(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of addition of calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP) to the glass ionomer cement (GIC) on the physico-mechanical properties and demineralization of the enamel. Specimens (n=56) were fabricated from each experimental group: GIC without CaGP (GIC), GIC with 1, 3 and 9% CaGP. To determine the release of fluoride (F), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) were used six specimens immersed into a demineralization and remineralization solutions during 15 days. The physico-mechanical properties evaluated 24 hours and 7 days after fabrication were: compressive strength (n=12), diametral tensile strength (n=12), surface hardness of material (n=6) and the degree of conversion of monomers (n=8). For the study of enamel demineralization, specimens (n=12) were attached to enamel blocks selected by the initial surface hardness test (SH1) and submitted to the pH-cycling. Following, final surface hardness (SH2) and the concentration of F, Ca and P in enamel were determined. Data were subjected to analysis of variance followed by Student-Newman-Keuls test (p<0.05). The addition of CaGP led to higher mean release of F, Ca and P by materials compared to the GIC (p<0.001). The mechanical properties (diametral tensile, compressive strength and hardness) were within the range of the ionomeric cements after addition of 1% and 3% CaGP. The degree of conversion was not different between groups at 24 hours and 7 days (p>0.439). The addition of 3% and 9% CaGP reduced mineral loss and increased F, Ca and P in the enamel when compared to the GIC (p<0.05). It can be concluded that the incorporation of 3% CaGP in the GIC increases the release of F, P and Ca, promotes reduction in enamel demineralization maintaining the physico-mechanical properties within the parameters for this material(AU)