Radiographic findings in the coxofemoral joint of Australian Cattle Dogs / Achados radiográficos em articulação coxofemoral de cães da raça Australian Cattle Dog

Australian Cattle Dogs (ACD) are medium-sized animals widely used in fieldwork for managing cattle and sheep. There needs to be more information about the conditions these dogs can develop despite being well-characterized animals since the beginning of the 20th century. Hip dysplasia (HD) is a developmental abnormality between the femoral head and the acetabular fossa, which can be debilitating. However, the available literature has no studies on the prevalence of this condition in dogs of this breed. This study aimed to evaluate radiographs of ACD qualitatively and quantitatively. For this purpose, 49 dogs considered healthy without clinical signs of HD were radiographically assessed, and the animals were classified as dysplastic (D) and non-dysplastic (ND). A frequency of 46.9% of dysplastic dogs was observed, with males being more affected. The cortical index (CI) and angle of inclination (AI) could not differentiate D from ND animals; only the Norberg angle (NA) was effective in this differentiation. No correlation was observed between AI, CI, and AN.(AU)

Os cães da raça Autralian Cattle Dog (ACD) são animais de porte médio, muito utilizados no trabalho de campo para manejo de gado e ovelha. Apesar de serem animais bem caracterizados desde o início do século XX, há poucas informações sobre afecções que esses cães podem desenvolver. A displasia coxofemoral (DCF) é uma anormalidade do desenvolvimento entre a cabeça do fêmur e a fossa acetabular podendo ser debilitante. Contudo, não há estudos, na literatura disponível, sobre a prevalência desta afecção em cães dessa raça. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar qualitativamente e quantitativamente radiografias de cães da raça ACD. Para tanto, foram avaliados radiograficamente 49 cães considerados hígidos e sem sinais clínicos de DCF. Os animais foram classificados em displásicos (D) e não displásicos (ND). Observou-se a frequência de 46,9% de cães displásicos, sendo os machos mais acometidos. O índice cortical (IC) e o ângulo de inclinação (AI) não foram capazes de diferenciar os animais D dos ND, apenas o ângulo de Norberg (AN) foi eficaz nessa diferenciação. Não houve correlação entre AI, IC e AN.(AU)

Osteopatia craniomandibular em cães sem raça definida / Craniomandibular osteopathy in mixed breed dogs

Background: Craniomandibular osteopathy (CMO) is a degenerative, osteopetrotic, and self-limiting bone disease that is rare in the canine species. The most affected bones and joints are the branches of the mandible, tympanic bulla, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with generalized thickening of the bone trabeculae, increased lines of bone cementation, and bone proliferation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate 2 cases of CMO in mixed-breed dogs belonging to the same litter sent to the Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (LRD / FV / UFPel). Cases: Three dogs (mixed-breed, 2 females and 1 male) belonging to the same litter presented at eight months of age with increases in volume and pain in the face, difficulties in moving the jaw, anorexia, and sialorrhea. The 2 bitches were euthanized and sent to LRD / FV / UFPel for necropsy. The animals underwent radiography of the left and right lateral and dorsoventral lateral projections in the imaging sector of the Hospital de Clínicas Veterinária (HCV) at UFPel. During the necropsy, fragments of organs from the abdominal and thoracic cavities, as well as the central nervous system and head bones, were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. The tissue samples were cleaved, processed routinely, embedded in paraffin, cut into sections of 3 µm thickness, and stained using hematoxylin and eosin (HE). The bone fragments were decalcified in a 50/50 solution of 8% hydrochloric acid and 8% formic acid and subsequently cleaved and stained with HE. The head and jaw of one of the canines were dissected and subjected to maceration in water at room temperature. Radiographic examination of the 2 remaining animals showed irregular and exuberant bone proliferation in the mandible and temporomandibular region. In the tympanic bullae, occipital bone, and zygomatic process, thickening of the structures was observed with increased opacity. On necropsy, the canines were cachectic with marked muscle atrophy and increased volume of the mandibular branches and head bones, in addition to marked edema in the adjacent subcutaneous tissue. The regional lymph nodes were enlarged, and in one of the animals, bilateral lesions in the femurs were also observed. In the head subjected to biological maceration, areas of bone proliferation and rarefaction were observed, with increased volume and destruction of the TMJ. On histopathological evaluation of the ventral portion of the mandibular bodies, a network of bony trabeculae was observed, composed of a chondroid matrix with different degrees of mineralization. The cortical portion of the bones exhibited loss of lamellar compactness, with greater spread of the bone trabeculae. The bone trabeculae were perpendicular to the long axis of the cortical of the mandible and were distributed in the medullary spaces, presenting some dense foci of inflammatory infiltrates composed predominantly of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Discussion: The breeds most predisposed to developing CMO are West Highland White Terrier and Scottish Terrier; however, the disease has also been described in other non-Terrier breed. Nevertheless, there are no descriptions in the literature of mixed-breed dogs, with this report being the first of CMO in mixed-breed dogs. The bones most frequently affected in CMO are those of the head. In Terrier dogs, the TMJ is also affected. In the cases of this study, severe CMO occurred, affecting both the head bones and TMJ, and in 1 of the canines, it also affected the femurs. Although CMO has not previously been reported in mixed-breed dogs, the condition can seriously affect these animals, and differential diagnosis should always be made.(AU)

Megaesófago adquirido em cão - relato de caso / Acquired megaesophagus in a dog - case report / Megaesofago adquirido en perro relato de caso

O megaesofago adquirido é uma causa pouco frequente de regurgitação em caninos. O diagnóstico é confirmado por radiografias simples ou contrastadas o caso de uma cadela de 9 anos com histórico de regurgitação por seis meses e endoscopia, tomografia, cintilografia ou ressonância magnética. Este trabalho relata Qualittas exames radiográficos simples e contrastados sem evidência de megaesofago. A esofagografia foi repetida por meio do fornecimento de contraste de bário misturado confirmar o megaesofago. Apesar de essa técnica ser pouco realizada, é um método a alimento comercial seco para cães, que permitiu evidenciar a dilatação esofágica e alternativo eficaz no diagnóstico de megaesofago canino, principalmente quando as demais abordagens radiográficas forem inconclusivas.(AU)

Diagnosis is confirmed by simple or contrast radiographs, endoscopy, tomography. dogs scintigraphy, or magnetic resonance imaging. Esophagography with barium sulfate contrast is the most commonly used method, however, it may be inconclusive dilation marking does not occur. This paper reports the case of a 9-year-old female dog, with a history of regurgitation over six months, simple and contrast radiographic exams showing no evidence of megaesophagus. The esophagography exam was repeated with the addition of barium contrast mixed with commercial dry pet food which verified esophageal dilatation and confirmed megaesophagus. Although this aluno de graduação technique is not widely used, it is an effective alternative method for diagnosis of canine.(AU)

El megaesofago adquirido es una causa poco frecuente de regurgitación en caninos. El diagnóstico se realiza por medio de radiografías simples y contrastadas. endoscopia, tomografía, centellografía o resonancia magnética. Este trabajo relata el caso de una perra de 9 años, con histórico de regurgitación de seis meses y exámenes radiográficos simples e contrastados sin evidencia de megaesofago. La esofagografia fue repetida utilizando contraste de bario mezclado con un alimento comercial seco para perros, que permitió diagnosticar la distensión esofágica, confirmando asi el megaesofago. A pesar de ser una técnica poco utilizada, la misma resultó ser un método alternativo eficiente en el diagnóstico de megaesófago adquirido canino, principalmente cuando las otras técnicas radiográficas no son conclusivas.(AU)

Megaesófago adquirido em cão - relato de caso / Acquired megaesophagus in a dog - case report / Megaesofago adquirido en perro – relato de caso

O megaesofago adquirido é uma causa pouco frequente de regurgitação em caninos. O diagnóstico é confirmado por radiografias simples ou contrastadas o caso de uma cadela de 9 anos com histórico de regurgitação por seis meses e endoscopia, tomografia, cintilografia ou ressonância magnética. Este trabalho relata Qualittas exames radiográficos simples e contrastados sem evidência de megaesofago. A esofagografia foi repetida por meio do fornecimento de contraste de bário misturado confirmar o megaesofago. Apesar de essa técnica ser pouco realizada, é um método a alimento comercial seco para cães, que permitiu evidenciar a dilatação esofágica e alternativo eficaz no diagnóstico de megaesofago canino, principalmente quando as demais abordagens radiográficas forem inconclusivas.

Diagnosis is confirmed by simple or contrast radiographs, endoscopy, tomography. dogs scintigraphy, or magnetic resonance imaging. Esophagography with barium sulfate contrast is the most commonly used method, however, it may be inconclusive dilation marking does not occur. This paper reports the case of a 9-year-old female dog, with a history of regurgitation over six months, simple and contrast radiographic exams showing no evidence of megaesophagus. The esophagography exam was repeated with the addition of barium contrast mixed with commercial dry pet food which verified esophageal dilatation and confirmed megaesophagus. Although this aluno de graduação technique is not widely used, it is an effective alternative method for diagnosis of canine.

El megaesofago adquirido es una causa poco frecuente de regurgitación en caninos. El diagnóstico se realiza por medio de radiografías simples y contrastadas. endoscopia, tomografía, centellografía o resonancia magnética. Este trabajo relata el caso de una perra de 9 años, con histórico de regurgitación de seis meses y exámenes radiográficos simples e contrastados sin evidencia de megaesofago. La esofagografia fue repetida utilizando contraste de bario mezclado con un alimento comercial seco para perros, que permitió diagnosticar la distensión esofágica, confirmando asi el megaesofago. A pesar de ser una técnica poco utilizada, la misma resultó ser un método alternativo eficiente en el diagnóstico de megaesófago adquirido canino, principalmente cuando las otras técnicas radiográficas no son conclusivas.

Meroanencephaly in an English Pointer neonate

Background: Malformations are structural or functional abnormalities in the organs and structures present at birth. Theseconditions are rarely described in the newborns of dogs and can lead to their death. Meroanencephaly is a defect of theneural tube closure malformation, a type of anencephaly and results from a failure of closure of the rostral neuropore(neural crest), and consequently the development of the calvary becomes defective. This study aims to characterize theclinical-pathological aspects of neonatal meroanencephaly since brain malformations are rare in newborn dogs.Case: A 2-day-old English Pointer canine was sent for a necropsy. The newborn belonged to a litter of eight puppies, andonly this one had macroscopic cranial alterations. Another puppy that died as a consequence of being trampled by thebitch was also necropsied. The newborn was alive for 48 h until death and presented apathy, crying, sucking reflex andopisthotonus. Macroscopic examination of the baby revealed flattening of the skull, with a slit at the site of bone symphysis fusion, and a slit in the skin of the parietal region, covered by thin, translucent meningeal tissue. The newborn hadno other macroscopic changes. The heads of the two animals were examined by radiography to identify the features ofanencephaly in one of the animals by visualizing skull bone flattening. Upon removing the skin and exposing the cranialcavity, an irregular reddish mass was revealed, that corresponded microscopically to area cerebrovasculosa, composed ofneurons and rudimentary glial tissue, vascular neoformation and, hemorrhage and congestion. The cranial nerves was notpossible to observe. There was disorganization of the brain areas with no limitation of white and gray matter and scarceneurons and also a region similar to the cerebellum, with a molecular layer but without the Purkinje neurons. In the spinal...(AU)

Meroanencephaly in an English Pointer neonate

Background: Malformations are structural or functional abnormalities in the organs and structures present at birth. Theseconditions are rarely described in the newborns of dogs and can lead to their death. Meroanencephaly is a defect of theneural tube closure malformation, a type of anencephaly and results from a failure of closure of the rostral neuropore(neural crest), and consequently the development of the calvary becomes defective. This study aims to characterize theclinical-pathological aspects of neonatal meroanencephaly since brain malformations are rare in newborn dogs.Case: A 2-day-old English Pointer canine was sent for a necropsy. The newborn belonged to a litter of eight puppies, andonly this one had macroscopic cranial alterations. Another puppy that died as a consequence of being trampled by thebitch was also necropsied. The newborn was alive for 48 h until death and presented apathy, crying, sucking reflex andopisthotonus. Macroscopic examination of the baby revealed flattening of the skull, with a slit at the site of bone symphysis fusion, and a slit in the skin of the parietal region, covered by thin, translucent meningeal tissue. The newborn hadno other macroscopic changes. The heads of the two animals were examined by radiography to identify the features ofanencephaly in one of the animals by visualizing skull bone flattening. Upon removing the skin and exposing the cranialcavity, an irregular reddish mass was revealed, that corresponded microscopically to area cerebrovasculosa, composed ofneurons and rudimentary glial tissue, vascular neoformation and, hemorrhage and congestion. The cranial nerves was notpossible to observe. There was disorganization of the brain areas with no limitation of white and gray matter and scarceneurons and also a region similar to the cerebellum, with a molecular layer but without the Purkinje neurons. In the spinal...