Participation of TNF-α in Inhibitory Effects of Adipocytes on Osteoblast Differentiation.

Mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue (AT-MSCs) are attractive tools for cell-based therapies to repair bone tissue. In this study, we investigated the osteogenic and adipogenic potential of BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs as well as the effect of crosstalk between osteoblasts and adipocytes on cell phenotype expression. Rat BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs were cultured either in growth, osteogenic, or adipogenic medium to evaluate osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation. Additionally, osteoblasts and adipocytes were indirectly co-cultured to investigate the effect of adipocytes on osteoblast differentiation and vice versa. BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs exhibit osteogenic and adipogenic potential under non-differentiation-inducing conditions. When exposed to osteogenic medium, BM-MSCs exhibited higher expression of bone markers compared with AT-MSCs. Conversely, under adipogenic conditions, AT-MSCs displayed higher expression of adipose tissue markers compared with BM-MSCs. The presence of adipocytes as indirect co-culture repressed the expression of the osteoblast phenotype, whereas osteoblasts did not exert remarkable effect on adipocytes. The inhibitory effect of adipocytes on osteoblasts was due to the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in culture medium by adipocytes. Indeed, the addition of exogenous TNF-α in culture medium repressed the differentiation of BM-MSCs into osteoblasts mimicking the indirect co-culture effect. In conclusion, our study showed that BM-MSCs are more osteogenic while AT-MSCs are more adipogenic. Additionally, we demonstrated the key role of TNF-α secreted by adipocytes on the inhibition of osteoblast differentiation. Thus, we postulate that the higher osteogenic potential of BM-MSCs makes them the first choice for inducing bone repair in cell-based therapies.

Poly(vinylidene-trifluoroethylene)/barium titanate composite for in vivo support of bone formation.

In this study, we evaluated the effect of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)/barium titanate (P(VDF-TrFE)/BT) membrane on in vivo bone formation. Rat calvarial bone defects were implanted with P(VDF-TrFE)/BT and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes, and at 4 and 8 weeks, histomorphometric and gene expression analyses were performed. A higher amount of bone formation was noticed on P(VDF-TrFE)/BT compared with PTFE. The gene expression of RUNX2, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand, and osteoprotegerin indicates that P(VDF-TrFE)/BT favored the osteoblast differentiation compared with PTFE. These results evidenced the benefits of using P(VDF-TrFE)/BT to promote new bone formation, which may represent a promising alternative to be employed in guided bone regeneration.

Articaine versus lidocaine for third molar surgery: A randomized clinical study

Objective: Pain reduction has been the subject of continuous research in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery since postoperative pain with ranging of intensity and duration may affects the patient submitted in an oral surgical procedure. The aim of present study was to compare the analgesic effectiveness between two different anesthetic solutions (articaine and lidocaine) in third molar surgery. Study Design: A prospective, randomized and clinical study with patients submitted to third molar surgery at two distinct times. The visual analogue scale, the McGill Pain Questionnaire and the analgesic consumption record were used to measure the pain after each surgical time. Results: Duration of surgery, latency, the amount of anesthetic used and analgesic consumption showed clinical differences with highlights of articaine, though statistical significance was not observed (P<0.05). The pain scores indicated similar anesthetic efficacy with both solutions. Conclusion: In the present study no significant differences were observed between lidocaine and articaine in the control of postoperative pain (AU)

Articaine versus lidocaine for third molar surgery: a randomized clinical study.

OBJECTIVE: Pain reduction has been the subject of continuous research in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery since postoperative pain with ranging of intensity and duration may affects the patient submitted in an oral surgical procedure. The aim of present study was to compare the analgesic effectiveness between two different anesthetic solutions (articaine and lidocaine) in third molar surgery. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, randomized and clinical study with patients submitted to third molar surgery at two distinct times. The visual analogue scale, the McGill Pain Questionnaire and the analgesic consumption record were used to measure the pain after each surgical time. RESULTS: Duration of surgery, latency, the amount of anesthetic used and analgesic consumption showed clinical differences with highlights of articaine, though statistical significance was not observed (P<0.05). The pain scores indicated similar anesthetic efficacy with both solutions. CONCLUSION: In the present study no significant differences were observed between lidocaine and articaine in the control of postoperative pain.