Irgafos 168 and Irganox 1076 as new cocaine cutting agents: A COVID-19 pandemic impact on cocaine profiling and trafficking in Brazil.

BACKGROUNDS: Restrictions in movement and closure of borders imposed by the Sars-Cov- 2 worldwide pandemic have affected the global illicit drug market, including cocaine trafficking. In this scenario, comparing cutting agents added to the cocaine and the drug purity are valuable strategies to understand how the drug trade has been impacted by the pandemic. METHODS: In this work, 204 cocaine salt materials seized in the Brazilian Federal District, before (2019) and during COVID-19 pandemics (2020) were analyzed by two analytical techniques: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Statistical analyses, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), were applied to evaluate the COVID-19 pandemic impact in the local market. Bibliometric analysis was performed as a forensic intelligence tool. RESULTS: From 2019-2020, cocaine average purity decreased 26 % while the frequency of cutting agents, as caffeine and anesthetics (lidocaine, tetracaine) increased. The high percentage of unknown were increased. Different cocaine profiling seized in 2020 showed new cutting agents, such as Irganox 1076, and Irgafos 168, indicating a trend on new adulterants/diluents introduced in the local market to mitigate the local drug shortage. Also in 2020, there was an increase in the local cocaine seizures, despite of the cocaine drug purity decreased by 26 % compared to 2019. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these data showed that the covid-19 pandemics has impacted cocaine trafficking in the Brazilian Federal District, an increase in cocaine seizures, which may indicate greater demand for the drug and, specially, changes in the cocaine purity and cutting agents profiling showing how traffickers tried to minimize difficulties in crossing the Brazilian border during COVID-19 restrictions. The information is relevant since Brazil is one of the major departure points for traded cocaine to the world. Bibliometric analysis showed that Irgafos 168 and Irganox 1076 were consistently identified as cocaine cutting agents for the first time.

Metal levels in waste pickers in Brasilia, Brazil: hair and nail as exposure matrices.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare workplace conditions and metal exposures in 431 waste pickers who worked nearby at the Estrutural Dump in Brasilia utilizing hair (n = 310) and nail (n = 355) as matrices of exposure. Waste pickers were grouped according to their workplace (open waste dump: G1 and sorting plants: G2). Hair and nail samples were collected and analyzed using ICP-MS. The work duration in the facilities was significantly different between the groups with averages of 16.46 (8.48) yrs and 9.26 (6.28) yrs for hair donors in G1 and G2, and 15.92 (7.72) yrs and 8.55 (5.77) yrs for toenail donors in G1 and G2, respectively. The arithmetic means (µg/g) of cadmium, copper, lead, and manganese in hair were significantly higher in G2 (0.076 ± 0.133; 19.61 ± 18.16; 2.27 ± .56 and 3.87 ± 5.59, respectively) compared to G1 (0.069 ± 0.235; 15.72 ± 15.18; 1.72 ± 4.04 and 3.65 ± 5.5, respectively). Concentrations of arsenic, barium, cadmium, copper, cobalt, lead, manganese, and molybdenum in nail were significantly higher in G2 (0.57 ± 0.39; 22.74 ± 42.06; 0.1 ± 0.08; 22.7 ± 51.60; 0.48 ± 0.45; 4.69 ± 9.43; 19.07 ± 20.75; 1.80 ± 1.76, respectively) compared to G1 (0.40 ± 0.28; 15.32 ± 22.31; 0.08 ± 0.11; 11.91 ± 16.25; 0.37 ± 0.37; 3.94 ± 15.04; 13.01 ± 19.08; 1.16 ± 1.80, respective. Our findings suggest that the studied population was exposed to toxic metals and indicates the need for chemical exposure prevention policies to monitor chemical risk exposures in waste pickers.

Sintomas de disfunções psicológicas após adoecimento crítico / Symptoms of psychological dysfunction after critical illness

Objetivo:estimar a prevalência e identificar fatores associados aos sintomas de ansiedades e/ou depressão. Método: Estudo transversal realizado em um hospital de grande porte. Os dados foram coletados através de ficha sociodemográfica e clínica e escalas para triagem de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão. Nas análises, empregou-se estatística descritiva e modelo de regressão. Resultados: Foram incluídos 83 pacientes, majoritariamente homens, com idade média de 47 anos, cor parda, baixo nível educacional, casados, católicos e com renda mensal inferior a um salário mínimo. 36,3% apresentaram sintomas de ansiedade, 29,5% de depressão e 21% de ambos. Sexo masculino e idade mais jovem associaram-se como proteção para o desenvolvimento de sintomas psicológicos. Conclusão: Pessoas submetidas a cuidados intensivos enfrentam disfunções psicológicas após a alta, portanto, torna-se pertinente a implementação de medidas assistenciais e políticas públicas para o enfrentamento desses prejuízos.(AU)

Objective: To estimate the prevalence and identify factors associated with symptoms of anxiety and/or depression. Method: Cross-sectional study carried out in a large hospital. Data was collected using a sociodemographic and clinical form and scales to screen for symptoms of anxiety and depression. Descriptive statistics and a regression model were used in the analysis. Results: 83 patients were included, mostly men, with an average age of 47, brown, with a low level of education, married, Catholic and with a monthly income of less than one minimum wage. 36.3% had symptoms of anxiety, 29.5% of depression and 21% of both. Male gender and younger age were associated as protective factors for the development of psychological symptoms. Conclusion: People undergoing intensive care face psychological dysfunction after discharge, so it is pertinent to implement care measures and public policies to deal with this damage.(AU)

Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia e identificar factores asociados a síntomas de ansiedad y/o depresión. Método: Estudio transversal realizado en un gran hospital. Los datos se recogieron mediante un formulario sociodemográfico y clínico y escalas de detección de síntomas de ansiedad y depresión. En los análisis se utilizó estadística descriptiva y un modelo de regresión. Resultados: Fueron incluidos 83 pacientes, en su mayoría hombres, con edad media de 47 años, morenos, con bajo nivel de escolaridad, casados, católicos y con renta mensual inferior a un salario mínimo. 36,3% presentaban síntomas de ansiedad, 29,5% de depresión y 21% de ambos. El sexo masculino y la menor edad se asociaron como factores protectores para el desarrollo de síntomas psicológicos. Conclusión: Las personas sometidas a cuidados intensivos enfrentan disfunción psicológica después del alta, por lo que es pertinente implementar medidas de atención y políticas públicas para enfrentar este daño.(AU)

Escala de Percepção de Risco sobre Covid-19/Isolamento Social: Propriedades Psicométricas / Escala de Percepción de Riesgo sobre Covid-19 y Aislamiento Social: Propiedades Psicométricas / Psychometric Properties of Risk Perception Scale about Covid-19 and Social Isolation (RPSCI)

Risk perception is a concept related to the decision-making process and allows people to perceive the hazards surrounding the context and choose the best preventive methods to avoid them. The COVID-19 pandemic was a remarkable era in which people had to adopt protective methods, such as social isolation, to reduce the possibility of being contaminated by the virus. This study covers the development, psychometric properties, and norms of a scale to assess Risk Perception regarding COVID-19 and Social Isolation. The analysis suggested good expert agreement regarding the adequacy of the scale content and items and factor analysis suggested two factors, called the emotional and cognitive domains. The composite reliability suggested the internal consistency of the scale and its factors. All the results of this study suggest that this scale presents evidence of construct validity, constituting a reliable instrument. This new instrument may be used to evaluate risk perception related to COVID-19 and Social Isolation.

La percepción del riesgo es un concepto relacionado con el proceso de toma de decisiones y permite a las personas percibir los peligros en el contexto y elegir los mejores métodos de prevención para evitarlos. La pandemia de COVID-19 es una era notable en la que las personas deben adoptar métodos, como el aislamiento social, para reducir la posibilidad de ser contaminados por el virus. Este estudio proporciona el desarrollo, las propiedades psicométricas y las normas de una escala para evaluar Percepción de Riesgo sobre el COVID-19 y el Aislamiento Social. El análisis sugirió un buen acuerdo de expertos sobre el ajuste del contenido y la escala de ítems y el análisis factorial apuntó dos factores denominados dominios emocional y cognitivo. La confiabilidad compuesta sugirió consistencia interna de la escala y sus factores. Todos los resultados de este estudio proponen que esta escala presenta evidencia de validez de constructo y es un instrumento confiable. Este nuevo instrumento podrá ser utilizado para evaluar la percepción de riesgo sobre el COVID-19 y el aislamiento social.

A percepção de risco é um conceito relacionado ao processo de tomada de decisão e permite que as pessoas percebam os perigos em torno do contexto e escolham os melhores métodos de prevenção para evitá-los. A pandemia do COVID-19 é uma era marcante em que as pessoas devem adotar métodos de proteção, como o isolamento social, para reduzir a possibilidade de serem contaminados pelo vírus. Este estudo fornece o desenvolvimento, as propriedades psicométricas e normas de uma escala para avaliar Percepção de Risco sobre COVID-19 e Isolamento Social. A análise sugeriu boa concordância dos especialistas sobre o ajuste de conteúdo e itens da escala, e a análise fatorial sugeriu dois fatores denominados domínios emocionais e cognitivos. A confiabilidade composta sugeriu a consistência interna da escala e seus fatores. Todos os resultados deste estudo sugerem que esta escala apresenta evidências de validade de construto, sendo um instrumento confiável. Este novo instrumento poderá ser utilizado para avaliar a percepção de risco sobre a COVID-19 e o Isolamento Social.

A systematic review and repeatability study on the use of deep learning for classifying and detecting tuberculosis bacilli in microscopic images.

Tuberculosis (TB) is among the leading causes of death worldwide from a single infectious agent. This disease usually affects the lungs (pulmonary TB) and can be cured in most cases with a quick diagnosis and proper treatment. Microscopic sputum smear is widely used to diagnose and manage pulmonary TB. Despite being relatively fast and low cost, it can be exhausting because it depends on manually counting TB bacilli (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) in microscope images. In this context, different Deep Learning (DL) techniques are proposed in the literature to assist in performing smear microscopy. This article presents a systematic review based on the PRISMA procedure, which investigates which DL techniques can contribute to classifying TB bacilli in microscopic images of sputum smears using the Ziehl-Nielsen method. After an extensive search and a careful inclusion/exclusion procedure, 28 papers were selected from a total of 400 papers retrieved from nine databases. Based on these articles, the DL techniques are presented as possible solutions to improve smear microscopy. The main concepts necessary to understand how such techniques are proposed and used are also presented. In addition, replication work is also carried out, verifying reproducibility and comparing different works in the literature. In this review, we look at how DL techniques can be a partner to make sputum smear microscopy faster and more efficient. We also identify some gaps in the literature that can guide which issues can be addressed in other works to contribute to the practical use of these methods in laboratories.

Targeting Ca2+ and Mitochondrial Homeostasis by Antipsychotic Thioridazine in Leukemia Cells.

Mitochondria have pivotal roles in cellular physiology including energy metabolism, reactive oxygen species production, Ca2+ homeostasis, and apoptosis. Altered mitochondrial morphology and function is a common feature of cancer cells and the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis has been identified as a key to the response to chemotherapeutic agents in human leukemias. Here, we explore the mechanistic aspects of cytotoxicity produced by thioridazine (TR), an antipsychotic drug that has been investigated for its anticancer potential in human leukemia cellular models. TR exerts selective cytotoxicity against human leukemia cells in vitro. A PCR array provided a general view of the expression of genes involved in cell death pathways. TR immediately produced a pulse of cytosolic Ca2+, followed by mitochondrial uptake, resulting in mitochondrial permeabilization, caspase 9/3 activation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis. Ca2+ chelators, thiol reducer dithiothreitol, or CHOP knockdown prevented TR-induced cell death. TR also exhibited potent cytotoxicity against BCL-2/BCL-xL-overexpressing leukemia cells. Additionally, previous studies have shown that TR exhibits potent antitumor activity in vivo in different solid tumor models. These findings show that TR induces a Ca2+-mediated apoptosis with involvement of mitochondrial permeabilization and ER stress in leukemia and it emphasizes the pharmacological potential of TR as an adjuvant in antitumor chemotherapy.

Treatment of dentin hypersensitivity with laser: systematic review / Tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária com laser: revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dentin hypersensitivity is an exacerbated response to a stimulus, causing acute and short-term pain. Over the years, several treatments for dentin hypersensitivity have emerged, including laser therapy. Thus, the objective of this work was to carry out a review about the available devices and the existing procedures of laser therapy in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. CONTENTS: A systematic review of studies published from 2016 to 2020 was carried out through bibliographic search in the electronic databases Pubmed and the Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde - (Virtual Health Library), using the following descriptors: "Laser" And "Dentin Hypersensitivity". Of the total of 51 articles found in the search, 14 were eligible for a review. There was an evaluation of the possible risks of bias for each of the articles included. CONCLUSION: As a result, a variety of devices available on the market and different protocols that prove to be effective for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity when compared to the initial pain situation (baseline) were found. When laser treatment is compared with other existing therapies, it's not so clear which would be the most effective, due to the wide variety of study methodologies. However, an association of therapies that act in the two mechanisms of pain interception (neural and blocker) seems to be an appropriate conduct in the control of dentin hypersensitivity, and this combination can happen through physical methods (High and low intensity laser) and chemical (neural and blocker agents).

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A hipersensibilidade dentinária é uma resposta exacerbada a um estímulo, causando dor aguda e de curta duração. Ao longo dos anos, diversos tratamentos para a hipersensibilidade dentinária têm surgido, incluindo a laserterapia. O objetivo foi realizar uma revisão acerca dos aparelhos disponíveis e dos protocolos do tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária com laser. CONTEÚDO: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de estudos publicados de 2016 a 2020, por meio da busca bibliográfica nas bases de dados eletrônicos Pubmed e da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, utilizando os seguintes descritores: "Laser" e "Dentin Hypersensitivity". Do total de 51 artigos encontrados na busca, 14 foram elegíveis para a revisão. Foram analisados os possíveis riscos de viés para cada um dos artigos incluídos. CONCLUSÃO: Diante da variedade de protocolos existentes quanto ao uso do laser, tanto alta (LAP) quanto de baixa potência (LBP), nadiminuição do desconforto causado pela HD, pode-se concluir de maneira geral que o emprego do laser tem se mostrado efetivo na grande maioria dos protocolos utilizados nos estudos, porém, ainda não é claro qual seria a estratégia mais efetiva a longo prazo. A associação de intervenções que atuem nos dois mecanismos de interceptação da dor (neural e obliterador) parece ser uma conduta apropriada no controle da HD, podendo essa combinação acontecer por meio de métodos físicos (laser de alta e baixa intensidade) e químicos (agentes neurais e obliteradores). A terapia mais adequada para HD depende de criteriosa anamnese e exame físico, enquanto o sucesso do tratamento dependerá da remoção dos fatores causais e de um plano de tratamento feito individualmente para cada paciente.

DLLME-SFO-GC-MS procedure for the determination of 10 organochlorine pesticides in water and remediation using magnetite nanoparticles.

There exists a high demand for fast, simple, and reliable methodologies for determining the presence of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) on environmental samples. Moreover, the toxicity and accumulation of potential OCPs in several environments have led to the development of technologies that achieve their removal from contaminated waters. In this study, a novel method combining a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure based on the solidification of floating organic drop is developed and validated for the extraction, preconcentration, and determination of 10 OCPs: α-BHC, p,p'-DDE, δ-BHC, dieldrin, p,p'-DDT, endosulfan I, endosulfan sulfate, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide (isomer B), and methoxychlor in water samples. The results show that the calibration curves were linear for all the studied compounds, and the coefficients of correlation higher than 0.99. The variation coefficient for precision and accuracy was lower than 10%, and the accuracy ranged from 93 to 105%. Low limit of detection and limit of quantification values ranging from 0.06-3.00 ng mL-1 and 0.20-10 ng mL-1 were obtained, respectively. The capability of the proposed method was confirmed using an analysis of the water samples before and after the degradation process; this was achieved by employing nanomaterials, while performing an analysis of 160 real samples that were sourced from a Brazilian river. A cobalt-doped magnetite was applied for the environmental remediation of the studied compounds, and it was verified that the novel material has the potential to be used in environmental remediation with a degradation efficiency exceeding 80% for the majority of the studied compounds.

In vitro evaluation of bilayer membranes of PLGA/hydroxyapatite/ß-tricalcium phosphate for guided bone regeneration.

Membranes for guided bone regeneration represent valuable resources, preventing fibroblast infiltration and aiding anatomical bone reconstruction. Nonetheless, available membranes lack bone regenerative capacity, suitable mechanical behavior, or adequate degradation profile. Therefore, to overcome these limitations, this study developed bilayer membranes with a dense layer (dry phase inversion) of PLGA (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)):HAp (hydroxyapatite) - 95:05 (wt%) - and an electrospun layer of PLGA and HAp:ß-TCP (ß-tricalcium phosphate) with ratios of 60:40, 70:30 and 85:15 (wt%), evaluating its mechanical, morphological and in vitro properties. The bilayer membranes displayed adequate interlayer adhesion, dense layer pore size of 4.20 µm and electrospun layer with porosity degree of 38.2%, thus capable of preventing fibroblast infiltration while allowing osteoblast migration and nutrient permeation. They also showed Tg of 82 °C and higher storage modulus, which was constant up to 54.6 °C, characteristics important for membrane implantation and use with no mechanical compromise. In vitro degradation mass loss was only 10% after 60 days, a profile suitable for the application requirement. Membranes with calcium phosphates had better osteoblast attachment, proliferation and migration. Taken together, results indicate the great potential of PLGA/HAp/ß-TCP bilayer membranes on bone reconstruction with proper degradation profile, morphology, mechanical behavior and bone regenerative capacity.

Diagnosis and epidemiology of Leishmania infantum in domestic cats in an endemic area of the Amazon region, Brazil.

Visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by Leishmania infantum for which dogs are the main reservoir. In South America, presence of this disease is expanding along with increasing dispersion of its principal vector, the sand-fly Lutzomyia longipalpis. Feline leishmaniasis is an emerging disease in domestic cats, but epidemiological studies in endemic areas of the Amazon region of Brazil are scarce and the role of cats as reservoirs of L. infantum has been debated. The aim of this study was to investigate L. infantum infection in cats living in the Amazon biome region, using serological and molecular methods. A total of 105 cats were subjected to clinical examination and blood samples were taken for immunofluorescent-antibody (IFAT) serological evaluation, to determine anti-Leishmania antibody titers. Conventional PCR and Sanger's sequencing targeting L. infantum chitinase and Leishmania species ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1) encoding genes were performed on conjunctival swabs from these cats. Seropositivity was detected in 32 animals (30.48%), thus confirming that contact between these cats and the parasite was occurring. PCR followed by amplicon sequencing showed that three samples (2.86%) were positive for a chitinase gene and six (5.71%) were positive for the ITS-1 gene. Parasite-positive diagnoses presented a statistically significant association with free access to the streets (p = 0.0111), cohabitation with dogs affected previously by VL (p = 0.0006) and absence of backyard cleaning and garbage collection (p = 0.00003). These results emphasize that cats should be included in epidemiological surveys of leishmaniasis, especially in endemic areas, if not as the reservoir host (unproven), at least as a "sentinel host" that is useful for revealing situations of endemic circulation of L. infantum. Moreover, in these areas, feline leishmaniasis needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis among domestic cats presenting alopecia, rarefied hair, lacerations and ulcerative dermatitis.

A systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of lumbar sympathectomy for plantar hyperhidrosis.

On July 25, 2017, we conducted an extensive database tracking to identify all studies published from January 1990 to July 2017. Screening updates were performed until December 2017. RESULTS: There were no deaths, and the resolution of symptoms of primary plantar hyperhidrosis (PPH) occurred in 92% of patients after mechanical sympathectomy. A total of 177 patients (44%) were reported to have mild to severe compensatory sweating after a mean 6 months follow-up. The preservation of L2 did not interfere with the primary outcome, and it is possible to perform lumbar sympathectomy in men with L2 preservation, achieving satisfactory cure results of PPH, minimizing the risk of sexual dysfunction. There were no deaths, and the resolution of symptoms of PPH occurred in 10% of patients after chemical sympathicolysis after a mean 6 months follow-up. A total of 13 patients (12.5%) were reported to have mild to severe compensatory sweating using the same technique. CONCLUSION: The mechanical lumbar sympathectomy is effective and safe and improves quality of life, evaluated by the high symptom resolution of PPH and low rate of complications. The chemical sympathicolysis in the immediate postoperative period presented satisfactory results; however, it was shown to be significantly less effective than the mechanical approach in a follow-up of at least 6 months.

Caracterização das Matrículas dos Alunos com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo por Regiões Brasileiras / Characterization of Enrollments of Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders by Brazilian Regions

RESUMO: O objetivo central deste estudo consistiu em caracterizar as matrículas contidas nos microdados do Censo Escolar dos estudantes com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) na sala comum nas cinco regiões do país, considerando os possíveis impactos da Lei Nº 12.764/2012. Para tal, realizou-se uma pesquisa comparativa de caráter documental, com recorte nos anos de 2009 a 2016. Para a coleta, tratamento e análise dos dados, utilizou-se o software de análise estatística IBM SPSS. As variáveis estudadas foram: total das matrículas na sala comum; sexo; etapa de ensino e total de matrículas no Atendimento Educacional Especializado. Os resultados demonstraram crescimento das matrículas dos alunos com TEA no ensino regular, sendo este mais evidente após 2012; mudança no percentual de alunos do sexo feminino e masculino ao longo do período estudado, caminhando para uma proporção de uma menina para cada 4.5 meninos com TEA; grande índice de evasão escolar, associado à baixa concentração das matrículas no AEE. Concluiu-se que, apesar do acesso à sala comum ter sido consideravelmente grande em todas as regiões do país, ainda é preciso repensar as estratégias de suporte para esse público. Quanto a Lei Nº 12.764/2012, esta aparentou impactar apenas nas duas primeiras variáveis estudadas.

ABSTRACT: The main objective of this study was to characterize the enrollments contained in the microdata of the School Census of students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in the common classroom in the five Brazilian regions, considering the possible impacts of Law No. 12.764 / 2012. In order to do it, a comparative documental research was carried out, with a cutoff period between the years of 2009 and 2016. For data collection, treatment and analysis, the software IBM SPSS Statistics was used. The variables studied were: total enrollment in the common classroom; gender; educational stage and total enrollment in Specialized Educational Service (SES). The results showed an increase in enrollments of students with ASD in regular education, which is more evident after 2012; a change in the ratio of female and male students along the period studied, tending towards a proportion of one female student for each 4.5 male students with ASD; high rates of school evasion, which is associated with a low rate of enrollment in SEA. It was concluded that even though the access to regular classroom increased considerably in all Brazilian regions, it is still necessary to rethink the support strategies for this target population. With regards to the Law No. 12.74/2012, its impact could be noticed only in the first two studied variables.

Analysis of database about vaccination against Human Papillomavirus in Sergipe in 2014 / Análise do banco de dados referente à vacinação contra papilomavírus humano no estado de Sergipe no ano de 2014

Introduction: The development of the Human papillomavirus vaccine has created the possibility of action at the primary level for the prevention of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. Objective: To analyze the data obtained by the introduction of the vaccine against papillomavirus in the state of Sergipe, quantifying the sampling population of girls met in 2014 and quantify the hit target by each micro-region of the state. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis, descriptive with retrospective component, using only secondary data from the Health State Department - Sergipe, concerning the vaccination coverage of vaccine against human papillomavirus from March 2014 to December 2014 in 11 to 13-year-old girls. Wilcoxon test was used for mean differences in the paired regions, ages and both. Results: In the analysis of the study period, a total population of 11 to 13-year-old girls, 61785 received the first dose of the vaccine (D1), reaching a 103.25% coverage and, 30,561 of these received the second dose of vaccine, resulting in a 56.26% coverage. In all analyzed regions decreasing doses applied between the first (D1) and the second dose (D2) were found. In this analysis, the confidence interval to 95% were all small and all data were analyzed statistically significant at p<0.001. Conclusion: All micro-regions reached the vaccination goal of the State Departament of Health in the application of the first doses and two of them were above the national average. However, none reached the target in the second dose, four micro-regions were below the national average and tree above. The age group of 12 years was the only one to not reach the goal neither in the first nor in the second dose.

Introdução: O desenvolvimento da vacina contra o Papilomavírus humano criou a possibilidade de agir a nível primário na prevenção de câncer cervical e lesões pré-cancerosas. Objetivo: Analisar os dados obtidos através da instituição da vacina contra o Papilomavirus no estado de Sergipe, quantificando amostralmente a população de meninas atendidas no ano de 2014 e quantificar a meta atingida por cada microrregião do estado. Métodos: Análise de corte transversal, descritiva, com componente retrospectivo, utilizando-se exclusivamente dados secundários provenientes da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde - Sergipe, referentes à cobertura vacinal contra o papilomavirus humano no ano de 2014 em meninas de 11 a 13 anos de idade. Foi utilizado o teste de Wilcoxon para diferenças de médias pareadas nas regiões, nas idades e em ambos. Resultados: No período de análise do estudo, de uma população total de meninas na faixa etária de 11 a 13 anos, 61.785 receberam a primeira dose da vacina (D1), atingindo uma cobertura de 103,25% e destas, 30.561 receberam a segunda dose da vacina gerando uma cobertura de 56,26%. Em todas as regiões analisadas foram encontradas diminuição de doses aplicada entre a primeira (D1) e a segunda dose (D2). Nesta análise, o intervalo de confiança para 95% foram todos pequenos e todos os dados analisados foram estatisticamente significantes com p<0,001. Conclusão: Todas as microrregiões atingiram a meta de vacinação da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde na aplicação das primeiras doses, duas delas ficaram acima da média nacional. No entanto, nenhuma atingiu a meta na segunda dose, quatro microrregiões ficaram abaixo da média nacional e três acima. A faixa etária de de 12 anos foi a única que não alcançou a meta vacinal nem na primeira, nem na segunda dose.

Notas desobedientes: decolonialidade e a contribuição para a crítica feminista à ciência / Notas desobedientes: decolonialidad y la contribución a la crítica feminista a la ciencia / Disobedient notes: decoloniality and the contribution to the feminist critique of science

Resumo Este escrito busca compartilhar reflexões, tensionamentos e intenções que o contato com o pensamento decolonial pode provocar nos estudos sobre gênero e ciência, significando um possível movimento de insubmissão capaz de potencializar a crítica feminista à ciência. Os caminhos aqui percorridos pelas ideias são produzidos pela imersão no pensamento decolonial, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, em confronto com uma trajetória de pesquisas realizadas sobre as expressões da discriminação de gênero nas universidades e na Política de Ciência, Tecnologia & Inovação no contexto do Nordeste brasileiro. Como maior contribuição, traz para o centro do debate a desobediência epistêmica como necessária à crítica feminista - como contraposição não somente ao sexismo de modo abstrato, mas que o compreenda como parte indissociável das relações raciais, étnicas, econômicas e epistêmicas.

Resumen Este escrito busca compartir reflexiones, tensiones e intenciones que el contacto con el pensamiento decolonial puede provocar en los estudios sobre género y ciencia, significando un posible movimiento de insumisión capaz de potenciar la crítica feminista a la ciencia. Los caminos aquí transitados por las ideas son producidos por la inmersión en el pensamiento decolonial, por medio de investigación bibliográfica, en confrontación con una trayectoria de investigaciones realizadas sobre las expresiones de la discriminación de género en las universidades y en la Política de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación en el Nordeste de Brasil. Como mayor contribución, aporta al centro del debate la desobediencia epistémica como necesaria para la crítica feminista, como contraposición no sólo al sexismo de modo abstracto, sino que lo comprenda como parte indisociable de las relaciones raciales, étnicas, económicas y epistémicas.

Abstract This paper requests to share reflections, tensions and intentions that the decolonial thought can provide in the studies on gender and science, meaning a possible movement of insubmission capable of fortification the feminist critique of science. In this, the ideas are produced by the bibliographical research on decolonial thinking in contrast with a trajectory of previous researches on gender discrimination in the universities and Policy of Science, Technology & Innovation in the Northeast of Brazil. As a principal contribution, it puts epistemic disobedience as necessary to feminist critique - as contraposition to sexism only in an abstract way, but to understand it as an inseparable part of racial, ethnic, economic, and epistemic relations.

Activity of Brazilian propolis against Aeromonas hydrophila and its effect on Nile tilapia growth, hematological and non-specific immune response under bacterial infection

ABSTRACT The effect of the ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) on Aeromonas hydrophila was analyzed by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Then, the effects of crude propolis powder (CPP) on growth, hemato-immune parameters of the Nile tilapia, as well as its effects on resistance to A. hydrophila challenge were investigated. The CPP (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0%) was added to the diet of 280 Nile tilapia (50.0 ± 5.7 g fish-1). Hemato-immune parameters were analyzed before and after the bacterial challenge. Red blood cell, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) were evaluated. The MIC of the EEP was 13% (v/v) with a bactericidal effect after 24 hours. Growth performance was significantly lower for those fish fed diets containing 2.5 and 3% of CPP compared to the control diet. Differences in CPP levels affected fish hemoglobin, neutrophils number and NO following the bacterial challenge. For others parameters no significant differences were observed. Our results show that although propolis has bactericidal properties in vitro, the addition of crude propolis powder to Nile tilapia extruded diets does not necessarily lead to an improvement of fish health.

Activity of Brazilian propolis against Aeromonas hydrophila and its effect on Nile tilapia growth, hematological and non-specific immune response under bacterial infection.

The effect of the ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) on Aeromonas hydrophila was analyzed by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Then, the effects of crude propolis powder (CPP) on growth, hemato-immune parameters of the Nile tilapia, as well as its effects on resistance to A. hydrophila challenge were investigated. The CPP (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0%) was added to the diet of 280 Nile tilapia (50.0 ± 5.7 g fish-1). Hemato-immune parameters were analyzed before and after the bacterial challenge. Red blood cell, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) were evaluated. The MIC of the EEP was 13% (v/v) with a bactericidal effect after 24 hours. Growth performance was significantly lower for those fish fed diets containing 2.5 and 3% of CPP compared to the control diet. Differences in CPP levels affected fish hemoglobin, neutrophils number and NO following the bacterial challenge. For others parameters no significant differences were observed. Our results show that although propolis has bactericidal properties in vitro, the addition of crude propolis powder to Nile tilapia extruded diets does not necessarily lead to an improvement of fish health.

Association between home posture habits and neck pain in High School adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Neck pain (NP) in adolescence is as frequent as in adulthood. However, the relationship between home posture habits and neck pain is still unknown. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of NP and the association with home posture habits (HPH) in adolescents. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with High School adolescents. Students answered questions regarding sociodemographic variables, lifestyle, HPH (illustration in the questionnaire), time (TV, computer, video-game) and the presence of NP. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the association between HPH and NP. RESULTS: The prevalence of NP was 48.9%. The ones who watched TV lying supine in bed for 2 hours or more a day yielded an odds ratio (OR) of 6.21 (1.45-26.52) for acute neck pain (ANP). Who watched TV and used the desktop in the slump posture yielded, respectively, an OR of 4.0 (1.63-9.85), and 2.03 (1.23-3.34) for chronic neck pain (CNP). The ones who frequently changed their positions while using the desktop and used it for 2 hours or more a day yielded an OR of 0.34 (0.14-0.85) for ANP. CONCLUSION: Our findings support the high prevalence of NP in adolescence and raise the association between some HPH and neck pain.

Efeitos dos antidiabéticos orais sobre a pressão arterial / Effects of oral antidiabetics on blood pressure

hipertensão arterial (HA) é uma doença multifatorial que vem crescendo em todo o mundo e está fortemente associada a comorbidades como a obesidade e o diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Esse sinergismo aumenta o risco cardiovascular e a mortalidade. Devido à prevalência de diabéticos entre os pacientes hipertensos, o conhecimento de potenciais efeitos pressóricos e cardioprotetores de medicações disponíveis para o tratamento do DM2 é de grande interesse e importância na prática clínica, além de ser ideal para melhorar a qualidade de vida desses pacientes, com menor intervenção de polifarmácia. Neste trabalho reunimos evidências atuais dos efeitos cardíacos dos hipoglicemiantes orais ­ especialmente sobre a pressão arterial (PA) ­, enfatizando suas classes mais recentes, como os inibidores do Dipeptidil-peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) e dos inibidores dos cotransportadores de sódio e glicose do tipo 2 (iSGLT2).

Hypertension is a multifactorial disease that is growing worldwide and has strong association with comorbidities such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), which increase cardiovascular risk and mortality. Due to the great prevalence of T2DM in hypertensive subjects, the knowledge of potential effects in blood pressure and for cardiovascular protection of available T2DM oral medications is of great interest and importance in clinical practice, improving patients' quality of life and minimizing polypharmacy. In this review we collected current evidence of the cardiac effects of oral hypoglycemic drugs ­ especially on blood pressure ­, with emphasis on the newer classes such as Dipeptidilpeptidase- IV (DPP-IV) and sodium glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (iSGLT2).

Association between polymorphisms in genes related to DNA base-excision repair with risk and prognosis of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

PURPOSE: We examined the influence of OGG1 c.977C>G (rs1052133), APEX1 c.444T>G (rs1130409), XRCC1 c.-77T>C (rs3213245), c.580C>T (rs1799782), c.839G>A (rs25489) and c.1196G>A (rs25487) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), involved in base-excision repair (BER) pathway, on oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) risk and prognosis. METHODS: Aiming to identify the genotypes, DNA from 200 consecutive OPSCC patients and 200 controls was analyzed by PCR-RFLP. The prognostic impact of genotypes of SNPs on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival of OPSCC patients was examined using the Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox regression analyses. RESULTS: XRCC1 c.580CT or TT genotypes (19.5 vs. 11.0 %, P = 0.04) and XRCC1 TTGG haplotype from c.-77T>C, c.580C>T, c.839G>A and c.1196G>A SNPs (17.5 vs. 10.0 %, P = 0.04) were more common in patients with OPSCC than in controls. Carriers of combined genotypes of c.580C>T and TTGG haplotype of XRCC1 gene were under 3.35- and 3.22-fold increased risk of OPSCC than others. For survival analysis, we selected only patients with tumor at stage IV. The median follow-up time was 24.5 months. At 24 months of follow-up, PFS was shorter in patients with OGG1 c.977CC genotype when compared with others genotypes (35.5 vs. 52.1 %, log-rank test, P = 0.03). After multivariate Cox analysis, patients with OGG1 c.977CC genotype had more chance to present tumor progression when compared with others (HR 1.68, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Our data present, for the first time, evidence that inherited OGG1 c.977C>G; XRCC1 c.-77T>C, c.580C>T, c.839G>A and c.1196G>A abnormalities of DNA BER pathway are important determinants of OPSCC and predictors of patient outcomes.

Organizações não governamentais de tuberculose do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: motivações e vínculos na primeira década do século XXI / Non-Governmental organizations for tuberculosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: reasons and interests in the first decade of century XXI / Organizaciones no gubernamentales vinculadas a la tuberculosis en Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: motivaciones y enlaces en la primera década del siglo XXI

Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa realizada com representantes de Organizações Não Governamentais (Fórum ONGs/TB) no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, para compreender as motivações desses sujeitos ao se afiliarem ao Fórum. A análise de discurso possibilitou entender que o risco de adoecimento ou morte por TB ganhou magnitude com o evento da coinfecção HIV/aids – TB, gerando ações de cooperação entre Estado e sociedade, referenciando a necessidade de se reduzirem os riscos de infecção por tuberculose. No Brasil, o surgimento da aids entre 1980 e 1990 mobilizou uma parte da sociedade civil organizada diferente da que hoje se mobiliza contra a TB. Atualmente, há tensões de sentido acerca do que deseja o grupo de pessoas afetadas pela tuberculose – os representantes das ONGs – e do que se defende. Portanto, são necessários mais estudos para compreender a participação desses grupos frente à tuberculose.

This study is a qualitative research carried out with representatives of a Nongovernmental Forum of Tuberculosis (Forum TB) in Rio de Janeiro. It is aimed to understand their motivations to affiliate to the Forum. Discourse Analysis was used as a method by the possibilities of understanding the production of meanings. The risk of illness/death by TB won magnitude with co-infection HIV/aids - TB, generating cooperative actions between State and society to address the need of reducing the risks of infection by tuberculosis. The emergence of AIDS epidemic in Brazil between 1980 and 1990, involved segments of the society that are markedly different from those that are nowadays mobilized against TB. There are still tensions about what these groups pretend and what is defended. Further studies are needed to understand the participation of civil society groups against TB.

La presente es una investigación cualitativa con representantes de un Foro de Organizaciones No Gubernamentales de Tuberculosis (Foro TB) en Río de Janeiro, Brasil. La misma fue diseñada con el fin de comprender las motivaciones de estos sujetos para afiliarse al Foro. El presente análisis de discurso posibilitó arribar a la comprensión de que el riesgo de enfermedad / muerte ganó magnitud con la coinfección VIH / SIDA - TB, generando acciones de cooperación entre Estado y sociedad que hacen referencia a la necesidad de reducir los riesgos de infección por tuberculosis. La aparición de la epidemia del SIDA en Brasil entre 1980 y 1990, movilizó parte de la sociedad civil. Este sector es muy diferente de la población que vive hoy con TB. Actualmente, podemos considerar que todavía hay tensiones de sentido acerca de lo que este grupo de personas afectadas por la tuberculosis quieren — y qué es exactamente lo que ellos defienden. Se concluye que son necesarios más estudios para comprender la participación de grupos de la sociedad civil organizada frente la tuberculosis.