Masticatory muscle activity evaluation by electromyography in subjects with zygomatic implants.

BACKGROUND: Zygomatic implants are an alternative treatment in the rehabilitation of atrophic maxilla to promote stability in the stomatognathic system. The aim of this study was to compare the electromyographic (EMG) activity of masseter and temporalis muscles in controls and in individuals with complete implant-supported dentures anchored in the zygomatic bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-four volunteers of both genders (mean age 52.5 years) were selected and distributed into two groups: Individuals with zygomatic implant (ZIG; n=27) and fully dentate patients (CG; n=27). MyoSystem-BR1 was used to assess masseter and temporalis muscles EMG activity in different mandibular movements: protrusion, clenching, maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) with Parafilm M®, right and left laterality and chewing (peanuts and raisins). Data was processed, normalized (MVC) and analyzed using the SPSS 21.0. Student t-test (P ≤ 0.05) was used for group comparison. RESULTS: The results were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) for protrusion, clenching, right and left laterality and raisin chewing. For the mandibular posture conditions, the ZIG obtained higher EMG activity patterns when compared to CG. For the masticatory performance during chewing of peanuts and raisins, the ZIG showed higher EMG mean values when compared to CG. CONCLUSIONS: The zygomatic implant promoted an active response of the muscle fibers (hyperactivity) during both mandibular posture and chewing conditions, probably due to the absence of periodontal receptors, which play a significant role for preparing a bolus for swallowing.

Atrial fibrillation in the elderly / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

This review discusses atrial fibrillation according to the guidelines of Brazilian Society of Cardiac Arrhythmias and the Brazilian Cardiogeriatrics Guidelines. We stress the thromboembolic burden of atrial fibrillation and discuss how to prevent it as well as the best way to conduct cases of atrial fibrillatios in the elderly, reverting the arrhythmia to sinus rhythm, or the option of heart rate control. The new methods to treat atrial fibrillation, such as radiofrequency ablation, new oral direct thrombin inhibitors and Xa factor inhibitors, as well as new antiarrhythmic drugs, are depicted.

The introduced snail Melanoides Tuberculatus (Muller, 1774) (Mollusca: Thiaridae) in aquatic ecosystems of the Brazilian Semiarid Northeast (Piranhas-Assu River basin, State of Rio Grande do Norte) / O gastrópode introduzido Melanoides tuberculatus (Muller, 1774) (Mollusca: Thiaridae) em ecossistemas aquáticos do semiárido brasileiro da região Nordeste (Bacia do Rio Piranhas-Assu, Estado de Rio Grande do Norte)

Records of the gastropod Melanoides tuberculatus (Müller, 1774), family Thiaridae, in the Piranhas-Assu River basin in Rio Grande do Norte reveal the dispersal of this native Southeast Asian and East African species into aquatic environments of the Brazilian semiarid region, including artificial environments (reservoirs) and lotic systems. The eutrophic conditions of the local waterbodies appear to favor the present situation, where this invasive species reaches extremely high densities, sometimes over 10,000 ind.m-2 as in Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves Reservoir. These observations indicate the immediate need for new studies on the spatial distribution of the species and its potential impact on the biodiversity and water quality of the waterbodies of the semiarid region of the state. Implantation of regular and systematic monitoring of the aquatic resources of the region is urgently required.

Registros da presença do gastrópode Melanoides tuberculatus (Müller, 1774), família Thiaridae, na bacia do Rio Piranhas-Assú no Rio Grande do Norte, revelam a dispersão desta espécie nativa do sudeste asiático e leste africano para ambientes aquáticos do semiárido brasileiro, incluindo ambientes artificiais (reservatórios) e sistemas lóticos. As condições eutróficas dos corpos d'água potiguares parecem favorecer a presente situação, em que a espécie invasora atingiu densidades extremamente elevadas, com valores acima de 10.000 ind.m-2, como no reservatório Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves. Estas observações indicam a necessidade imediata de novos estudos sobre a distribuição espacial da espécie e seu potencial de impacto sobre a biodiversidade e qualidade da água dos corpos d'água do semiárido potiguar. Neste contexto, torna-se urgente a implantação de um regular e sistemático monitoramento dos recursos hídricos da região.

Alteraciones en las poblaciones de linfocitos en pacientes con transplante renal. / Changes in lyphocyte populations in patients with renal transplantation

Se evaluaron las poblaciones de linfocitos en 13 pacientes con transplante renal (un ano o menos). Se demostro una disminucion en la poblacion de linfocitos T a traves de la roseta espontanea, RE: 47,33

+/- 7, 74 y roseta activa, RA: 32,6

+/- 8,69; en comparacion con los valores normales de RE 73,86

+/- 13,66

y RA: 40,83

+/- 6,90 respectivamente. Se obtuvieron valores incrementados de blastogenesis espontanea (19,45

+/- 11,20), con respecto a los valores normales de 12,5

+/- 5,5, lo que no se correlaciono con la aparicion de rechazo clinico como ha sido reportado por algunos investigadores. Los datos sugieren que la depresion de la inmunocompetencia celular no especifica del paciente transplantado, puede ser un factor importante en el no rechazo del transplante. Por lo que el estudio de la receptividad inmunologica puede ser de gran utilidad en la individualizacion del manejo terapeutico en el pos-transplante