Grandparents' and Grandchildren's Shared Festive Leisure.

Festive leisure provides experiences that can generate intergenerational well-being. The study aimed to examine the festive leisure activities shared by grandparents and grandchildren, and the link with times, spaces, motives, and well-being that these activities bring to both generations. A cross-sectional telematic survey was carried out with 357 grandparents living in the northern part of Spain, who had grandchildren aged between 6 and 12 years. Both a descriptive and inferential analysis was performed. A high proportion of grandparents and grandchildren share festive activities, which occur on weekends and holiday periods. Private spaces, such as bars, cafeterias, and restaurants are the ones chosen for going out to eat or drink, and open public spaces like parks, squares, and streets are dedicated to traditional festivals, and are excellent scenarios for coexistence and intergenerational social interaction. The reasons that drive this practice are associated with the strengthening of emotional ties and family intimacy. Grandparents consider the practice of shared festive leisure to be beneficial for their personal development because they perceive that, thanks to this leisure, they improve their creativity, physical condition, their happiness and fun, the relationship with their grandchildren, and develop new manual and technical skills.

Family Leisure, Self-Management, and Satisfaction in Spanish Youth.

Youth values leisure as a right, a source of growth and integral development, and a context for experimentation. It has been shown that organized leisure leads to more benefits than unorganized leisure; when undertaken (Throughout the document, an attempt will be made to use inclusive language, although "under Law 3/2007 of 22 March, for the effective equality of women and men, any reference to positions, persons or groups included in this document in masculine, are to be understood as including both women and men.") by the young people themselves, these benefits lead to the development of prosocial skills, self-efficacy, autonomy, and increased independence, personal motivation, and responsibility, as well as acting as a protective factor against risky behaviors. When organized leisure activities are also shared with the family, the benefits influence a positive family environment. This study focused on analyzing the relationship between family-shared leisure practices that are managed by Spanish youth in post-compulsory secondary education and the importance and satisfaction granted to these experiences. The sample consisted of 1,764 post-compulsory secondary education students from all over Spain. Youths responsibility for the organization of their leisure activities, the perception of the relationship between enjoyment of the activity and involvement in its management, the organization of the spaces in which leisure activities are carried out, their satisfaction with them, and the importance attached to shared practice and family experiences were recorded. The results showed a shortage of self-managed youth leisure practices, but increased responsibility, spatial organization, and satisfaction were confirmed when leisure experiences are shared with the family. The need to encourage opportunities for children to self-organize their leisure practices from an early age is commented on.

Psychological factors related to physical education classes as predictors of students' intention to partake in leisure-time physical activity.

In view of the rise in sedentary lifestyle amongst young people, knowledge regarding their intention to partake in physical activity can be decisive when it comes to instilling physical activity habits to improve the current and future health of school students. Therefore, the object of this study was to find a predictive model of the intention to partake in leisure- time physical activity based on motivation, satisfaction and competence. The sample consisted of 347 Spanish, male, high school students and 411 female students aged between 13 and 18 years old. We used a questionnaire made up of the Sport Motivation Scale, Sport Satisfaction Instrument, and the competence factor in the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale and Intention to Partake in Leisure-Time Physical Activity, all of them adapted to school Physical Education. We carried out confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation models. The intention to partake in leisure-time physical activity was predicted by competence and the latter by satisfaction/fun. Intrinsic motivation was revealed to be the best predictor of satisfaction/fun. Intrinsic motivation should be enhanced in order to predict an intention to partake in physical activity in Physical Education students.

Factores psicológicos relacionados con las clases de educación física como predictores de la intención de la práctica de actividad física en el tiempo libre en estudiantes / Psychological factors related to physical education classes as predictors of students’ intention to partake in leisure-time physical activity

Resumen Debido al aumento del sedentarismo entre los jóvenes, conocer la intención de práctica de actividad física en esta población puede ser determinante a la hora de inculcar futuros hábitos de práctica física para mejorar la salud actual y futura de los escolares. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo fue hallar un modelo predictivo de la intención de práctica de actividad física en tiempo libre a partir de la motivación, la satisfacción y la competencia. La muestra fue de 347 hombres y 411 mujeres de educación secundaria en España, con edades de entre 13 y 18 años. Se utilizó un cuestionario compuesto por el Sport Motivation Scale, Sport Satisfaction Instrument, el factor competencia de Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scalee Intention to partake in leisure-time physicalactivity, todos ellos adaptados a la Educación Física escolar. Se realizaron análisis factoriales confirmatorios y modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. La intención de práctica fue predicha por la competencia y ésta por la satisfacción/diversión. La motivación intrínseca se mostró como el mejor predictor de la satisfacción/diversión. Para predecir la intención de práctica física se debería potenciar la motivación intrínseca entre el alumnado de Educación Física.

Abstract In view of the rise in sedentary lifestyle amongst young people, knowledge regarding their intention to partake in physical activity can be decisive when it comes to instilling physical activity habits to improve the current and future health of school students. Therefore, the object of this study was to find a predictive model of the intention to partake in leisure- time physical activity based on motivation, satisfaction and competence. The sample consisted of 347 Spanish, male, high school students and 411 female students aged between 13 and 18 years old. We used a questionnaire made up of the Sport Motivation Scale, Sport Satisfaction Instrument, and the competence factor in the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale and Intention to Partake in Leisure-Time Physical Activity, all of them adapted to school Physical Education. We carried out confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation models. The intention to partake in leisure-time physical activity was predicted by competence and the latter by satisfaction/fun. Intrinsic motivation was revealed to be the best predictor of satisfaction/fun. Intrinsic motivation should be enhanced in order to predict an intention to partake in physical activity in Physical Education students.

Ocio deportivo, imagen corporal y satisfacción vital en jóvenes españoles / Sport leisure, body image satisfaction and life satisfaction in Spanish youth

Los objetivos de este estudio son (1) analizar el efecto del género y de la edad en la participación en actividades de ocio y en la satisfacción con la imagen corporal (SIC) y vital (SV) y, (2) examinar cómo éstas últimas varían según la participación en distintas modalidades de ocio (deportivo, cultural, electrónico, festivo y otros). Se recogieron datos de 1764 estudiantes de Enseñanza Secundaria Postobligatoria (con una edad media de 18.6 años) de centros públicos y privados españoles, que completaron un cuestionario sobre la organización de los tiempos académicos y de ocio. Los resultados indican que el ocio deportivo (práctica de actividad físico-deportiva durante el ocio) se relaciona positivamente con la SIC y SV en los jóvenes estudiados. El género (y no la edad) es una variable de confusión en esta relación que debe ser controlada y analizada. El ocio deportivo se asocia con mayores niveles de SIC y de SV respecto a algunos tipos de ocio, pero no a todos. El ocio electrónico se vincula con una menor SV, mientras el ocio cultural arroja los valores más bajos en cuanto a SIC y SV. Son necesarias futuras investigaciones que contrasten el efecto del ocio deportivo con otras modalidades de ocio

The aims of this study were (1) to analyze the impact of gender and age on leisure activities participation and on both body image satisfaction (BIS) and life satisfaction (LS), and (2) examine how BIS and LS varied according to participation on different leisure activities (sport, cultural, electronic, festive, others). Data was collected from 1764 Spanish Post-Compulsory Secondary students (mean age 18.6 years) of public and private schools who completed a self-administered questionnaire about school and leisure time. Results showed that physical activity was positively related with BIS and LS. Gender (not age) was a confounding factor in this relation which must be further checked and analyzed. Sport leisure was associated with higher levels of BIS and LS than others types of leisure, but not all. Electronic leisure was associated with less LS, while cultural leisure had the lowest levels of BIS and LS. Further research about the effect of sport leisure on BIS and LS compared with other types of leisure is required

Validación de un Cuestionario sobre Valores en los Deportes de Equipo en Contextos Didácticos / Validation of a Questionnaire on Values in Team Sports in Didactic Contexts

El objeto de este estudio fue diseñar y analizar las propiedades psicométricas de un cuestionario para conocer los valores que los niños toman como referencia, cuando practican deportes de equipo. Para la validación y fiabilidad del cuestionario, se contó con 16 expertos, todos profesores universitarios y especialistas en deporte y educación en valores, y con 244 estudiantes de 11 a 12 años de edad. Una vez analizados los instrumentos existentes, revisadas las fuentes bibliográficas y definidas las variables, se elaboró la versión preliminar del Cuestionario sobre Valores en los Deportes de Equipo, integrada por varios interrogantes iniciales sobre los contextos de práctica de actividad deportiva de los encuestados, por la "Escala de valores en los deportes de equipo" en la que se medía la importancia que los jóvenes atribuyen a 32 valores cuando participan en juegos de equipo, y la "Escala de jerarquía de valores en los deportes de equipo" que recogía la jerarquía a la que someten a los citados valores. Tras los resultados del análisis de las consistencias lógicas, el cuestionario se ve modificado, reduciendo ambas escalas, pasando, de estar compuestas por 32 valores, a conformarse por 19 de ellos. Los resultados confirmaron la validez de contenido y de constructo, y la fiabilidad de esta última versión, para conocer los valores de los niños de 11 a 12 años en los deportes de equipo. En ambas escalas, los niveles de a de Cronbach resultaron satisfactorios (0.691 y 0.738). En relación con los instrumentos elaborados por otros autores, para el estudio de los valores en la actividad deportiva, el presente cuestionario añade mayores cotas de especificidad, al focalizar su atención únicamente en los deportes de equipo, que presenta singularidades propias derivadas tanto de su concepción social, como de la lógica interna basada en las relaciones de cooperación-oposición.

The aim of this study was to design and analyze the psychometric properties of a questionnaire to determine the values that children 11-12 years old take as a reference in team sports. Participants: 8 experts, university professors and specialists in sports and education in values, and 61 students, 11-12 years old. The "Values in Team Sports Questionnaire" was designed comprising the "scale of values in team sports" and "Scale hierarchy of values in team sports". The results confirmed that the questionnaire has construct validity and reliability to understanding the values of children of 11-12 years, in team sports. Cronbach's alpha levels were satisfactory for both scales (0.691 and 0.738). With regard to tools developed by other authors for the study of values in sport, this questionnaire adds greater levels of specificity, to focus their attention solely on team sports, which has singularities derived either from its conception social, and internal logic based on relations of cooperation and opposition.

Parental predictors of physical inactivity in spanish adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to determine some parental predictors of physical inactivity in Spanish adolescents. The sample comprised 1,978 children, aged between 12 and 16 years. A quantitative and qualitative technical triangulation was employed. The study analyzed data of the parents' educational level, the importance they grant to physical-sport activities, and their physical-sport practice. Quantitative technique: a questionnaire (MACOFYD) was used to collect the data. Descriptive, bivariate, and multinomial regression analyses were employed. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Qualitative technique: four discussion groups were conducted, consisting of parents, physical education teachers, teachers of other subjects, and children aged between 12 and 16 years. The results indicated that adolescents are four times more likely to be physically inactive if their parents have never exercised (odds ratio [OR] = 4.065, and = 3.487, for the fathers and mothers, respectively, p < 0.05). When parents grant "some" or "much" importance to physical-sport practice, adolescents are less likely to be physically inactive (OR = 0.185 and 0.118 respectively, p < 0.01). No significant correlation was found between adolescents' physical-sport activity and parents' educational level. However, young people reproach their parents because they emphasize academic goals more than physical-sport practice-an observation that teachers also confirm. Young people perceive their parents as being the education agents with the greatest influence over their inactive lifestyles. Many parents are unaware of their influence and, therefore, do not take responsibility, declaring that the teachers' influence is greater.

Claves en la aplicación del algoritmo chaid. Un estudio del ocio físico deportivo universitario / Keys to applying the chaid algorithm: a study of university physical-sport leisure activities

El propósito de este artículo es argumentar y explicar la utilidad y el procedimiento de la segmentación jerárquica basada en el algoritmo CHAID como técnica de análisis multivariado. Para facilitar la comprensión de este proceso, la exposición del uso, así como, la interpretación de esta técnica nos hemos servido de una investigación realizada sobre el comportamiento físico-deportivo de tiempo libre de una población universitaria. Este estudio busca definir los perfiles de los universitarios en función de los distintos grados de satisfacción con su práctica físico-deportiva, así como, constatar la existencia de determinadas variables predictoras de dicha satisfacción al relacionar globalmente todas. En el artículo queda demostrada la valiosa capacidad que posee esta técnica de segmentación jerárquica para pronosticar y explicar determinados comportamientos, así como para determinar la relación causa-efecto de dichos comportamientos (AU)

The purpose of this article is to explain the usefulness of and the procedure involved in hierarchical segmentation based on the CHAID algorithm as a multivariate analysis technique. A study carried out on leisure physicalsport behaviour of a university population served to facilitate an understanding of this method, the exhibition of its use and the interpretation of this technique. The study aimed to define the profiles of university students according to different degree of satisfaction with their physical-sport practices, as well as verify the existence of predictors of that satisfaction when all of them are related to one other. The article demonstrates the valuable capacity of this hierarchical segmentation technique in predicting and explaining certain behaviours, as well as determining the cause-effect relationship of these behaviours (AU)

A satisfação com o serviço de atividades físico-desportivas de tempo livre: o caso da comunidade universitária de "La Rioja" (Espanha) / Satisfaction according to the physical sport activities service of free time: the specific case of the community of the university of La Rioja (Spain) / La satisfacción con el servicio de actividades físico-deportivas de tiempo libre: el caso concreto de la comunidad universitaria de La Rioja (España)

O presente estudo pretende dar a conhecer, por um lado, o grau de satisfação dos usuários reais e potenciais em relação à oferta de atividades físico-desportivas de tempo livre da comunidade universitária de La Rioja (Espanha) e, por outro, constatar que atributos, referidos às instalações, recursos e atividades, se associam a dita satisfação. Na pesquisa se detecta que as infra-estruturas e sua manutenção (conservação, dimensões, cobertura, número de espaços físico-desportivos, limpeza e iluminação) são os atributos externos que mais determinam a satisfação dos usuários, tanto reais como potenciais

Satisfaction with physical and sport based free time activities. The concrete example of the univesitarian community of La Rioja (Spain). The following study intends, on the one hand, to show the level of satisfaction linked to the offer of physical and sport based free time activities in the univesitarian community of La Rioja (Spain) as well as, on the other hand, to check all the attributes (facilities, courses and activities) directly linked to this satisfaction. The study shows that the facilities and their maintenance (the upkeep, the size, the numbers of physical education areas, the cleanliness and the lighting) are at the origin of the satisfaction of potential and actual users

La presente investigación pretende dar a conocer, por una parte, el grado de satisfacción de los usuarios reales y potenciales sobre la oferta de actividades físico-deportivas de tiempo libre de la comunidad universitaria de La Rioja (España) y, por otra, constatar qué atributos, referidos a las instalaciones, recursos y actividades, se asocian a dicha satisfacción. Del estudio se detecta que las infraestructuras y su mantenimiento (conservación, dimensiones, cobertura, número de espacios físico-deportivos, limpieza e iluminación) son los atributos externos que más determinan la satisfacción de los usuarios, tanto reales como potenciales