Key drivers of the textile and clothing industry decarbonisation within the EU-27.

The European Union has identified the Textile and Clothing industry as one of the essential objectives towards carbon neutrality in 2050 in line with the "European Green Deal". There are no previous research papers focused on analysing the drivers and inhibitors of the past greenhouse gas emission changes of the textile and clothing industry in Europe. This paper aims to analyse the determinants of the changes in these emissions, and the disassociation level between emissions and economic growth, throughout the 27 Member States of the European Union, from 2008 to 2018. A Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index that explains the key drivers of the changes in greenhouse gas emissions of European Union Textile and Cloth industry and a Decoupling Index have been applied. The results generally conclude that the intensity and carbonisation effects are key factors that contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The lower relative weight of the textile and clothing industry throughout the EU-27 was noteworthy, and favours lower emissions, partially counteracted by the activity effect. Also, most Member States have been decoupling the industry's emissions from economic growth. Our policy recommendation shows that if further reductions in greenhouse gas emissions are to be achieved, energy efficiency improvements and cleaner use of energy sources would offset the potential increase in emissions of this industry as a result of a relative increase in its gross value added.

Towards the decarbonisation of Ecuador: a multisectoral and multiregional analysis of its carbon footprint.

Globally, interest in the environment and its conservation is growing and primordial. Emissions abatement is one of the main challenges faced by different governments. Firstly, the emissions should be estimated, and two types of responsibilities or focuses stand out, the producer's and the consumer's. Based on the Multiregional Input-Output Methodology, this study determines Ecuador's responsibility in terms of CO2 emissions. It defines the economic sectors that have the greatest representation in these emissions, as well as establishing an assessment at the level of the Trade Balance. To do so, the EORA database was used. There has been a strong growth of Ecuador's Footprint of 145.26% from 2000 to 2015, with the transport and secondary sectors having the highest representation and the trade with the BRICS nations standing out. This result strengthens the need to foster a change in the consumption patterns of the population and the public administrations. It is therefore recommended that the authorities allocate part of the public budget to measures oriented to sustainable consumption. Amongst other measures, it would be advisable to extend the RENOVA Plan to private vehicles, as well as to launch awareness campaigns on the degree of sustainability of imported products. These types of measures could stop the strong growth in emissions per capita, essential to reduce the country's carbon footprint.