[Rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia before HPV vaccination, Alpes-Maritimes 2006]. / Taux observés des CIN en 2006 avant la vaccination anti-HPV parmi les résidentes des Alpes-Maritimes.

OBJECTIVE: The incidence rate of uterix cervical cancer in 2006 in the Alpes-Maritime was 6.2 per 100,000 women. The existence of curable precancerous lesions and an effective vaccine make it a target cancer in public health. The objective of this study was to establish prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in 2006 before the campaign of vaccination against HPV. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective study including all histological samples (smears excluded) of the cervix, performed in 2006 with a diagnosis of intraepithelial Neoplasia among residents of the Alpes-Maritimes. Extraction codes' corresponding was carried out by all pathology laboratories located in the Alpes-Maritimes and around. A comparison of codes with pathology reports was performed for 11.4% of random samples. RESULTS: This study included 2066 patients aged 16 to 88 years. The average age was 37.3 years (±12.3). Among these patients, most pejorative intraepithelial neoplasia lesion was CIN 1, CIN 2, CIN 3, respectively for 941, 380 and 375 patients. Prevalence of CIN 2 among women 20 to 25 years old was similar to rates seen in 35 to 39 years old (166.5 per 100,000) and the rate of CIN 3 was similar to that seen in 45 to 49 years (78.1 per 100,000). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Rates of CIN for the entire female population of the Alpes-Maritimes in 2006 has been established. The results observed in women aged less than 25 years old will be useful for comparison after the campaign of vaccination against HPV.

[Experience of extensive screening of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission to patients exposed to a pediatrician]. / Expérience du dépistage à large échelle de la transmission de Mycobacterium tuberculosis par un pédiatre libéral à ses patients.

OBJECTIVE: This study reports the investigation of the patients of a private-practice pediatrician with smear-positive tuberculosis. METHODS AND PATIENTS: One thousand six hundred and fifty-six children were screened. Two screenings (T0 and 3 months later) were proposed, with a tuberculin skin testing (TST) and a chest radiograph. A T-cell-based assay was performed on children with intermediary values. RESULTS: No active tuberculosis was identified. Skin tests on 1171 children (83.1%) were negative on screenings. Nearly all chest radiographs were normal (96.9% on the initial screening, 98.8% on the 2nd). T-cell-based assays were negative. Of the 803 children younger than 2 years of age, 583 (72.6%) were directed to prophylaxis, children older than 2 years of age were treated based on the 2nd screening as latent tuberculosis infection. Sixty non serious side effects were reported 54 children, most of were digestive. Prophylaxis was stopped in 52 cases, in 22 cases a side effect. Compliance to the 2 visits was good (87.7%). CONCLUSION: This investigation concerning a large number of children confirms limited transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from a pediatrician with smear-positive tuberculosis to pediatric outpatients. Coordination screening by the tuberculosis control section is essential. The T-cell-based assay could better correlate the contamination risk to the intensity and the length of exposure compared with TST and could avoid screening a large number of patients.

Roles of the fructans from leaf sheaths and from the elongating leaf bases in the regrowth following defoliation of Lolium perenne L.

The study of carbohydrate metabolism in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Bravo) during the first 48 h of regrowth showed that fructans from elongating leaf bases were hydrolysed first whereas fructans in mature leaf sheaths were degraded only after a lag of 1.5 h. In elongating leaf bases, the decline in fructan content occurred not only in the differentiation zone (30-60 mm from the leaf base), but also in the growth zone. Unlike other soluble carbohydrates, the net deposition rate of fructose remained positive and even rose during the first day following defoliation. The activity of fructan exohydrolase (FEH; EC 3.2.1.80) was maximal in the differentiation zone before defoliation and increased in all segments, but peaked in the growth zone after defoliation. These data strongly indicate that fructans stored in the leaf growth zone were hydrolysed and recycled in that zone to sustain the refoliation immediately after defoliation. Despite the depletion of carbohydrates, leaves of defoliated plants elongated at a significantly higher rate than those of undefoliated plants, during the first 10 h of regrowth. This can be partly attributed to the transient increase in water and nitrate deposition rate. The results are discussed in relation to defoliation tolerance.