Neoechinorhynchus qatarensis sp. n. (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from the blue-barred flame parrot fish, Scarus ghobban Forsskål, 1775, in Qatari waters of the Arabian Gulf.

Neoechinorhynchus qatarensis sp. n. (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) is described from the marine blue-barred flame parrot fish Scarus ghobban Forsskål, 1775 in the Arabian Gulf waters off the coast of Qatar. The new species is distinguished from all other species of the genus Neoechinorhynchus by its unique reproductive system and a glandular structure associated with the proboscis receptacle in both males and females. Other uncommon features of N. qatarensis are also discussed.

A review of genus Eumegacetes Looss, 1900 (Eumegacetidae), with description of species from the Egyptian house sparrow: Passer d. niloticus.

Genus Eumegacetes is briefly reviewed E. (Anterovitellum) sp. is described from Passer domesticus niloticus caught from Sharkiya Governorate, North Delta, which represents the first host and new locality. A key is proposed to differentiate the three species of the genus known so far from Egypt.

On a new trematode, Prohemistomum azimi n. sp. (Trematoda: Cyathocotylidae) from the Egyptian slit-faced bat.

Prohemistomum azimi n. sp. is described from one out of four Egyptian slit-faced bats, Nycteris thebaica Geffroy, 1910 captured from Giza, Egypt. The new species is compared with other related species of the genus and its specific diagnosis is outlined. The new species is the first record of the genus Prohemistomum Odhner, 1913 from Chiroptera.

Studies on digenetic trematodes of the genus Prosthodendrium Dollfus, 1931 from some Egyptian bats. 2. Trematodes of the subgenus Paralecithodendrium Odhner, 1911.

A review of the subgenus Paralecithodendrium Odhner, 1911 is presented. Prosthodendrium (Paralecithodendrium) glandulosum (Looss, 1896) is redescribed from some Egyptian bats. The present study indicated that this species is a very variable one. Moreover, a new species P. (Paralecithodendrium) aegyptiacum is described from two species of bats.

Studies on trematodes of the genus Lecithodendrium Looss, 1896 from some Egyptian bats, with a description of two new species.

The genus Lecithodendrium Looss, 1896 is reviewed and its prevalence in some Egyptian bats is reported. Lecithodendrium aegyptiacus n.sp. is described from Asellia tridens tridens and Rhinopoma hardwickei cystops. It can be easily differentiated from other species of the genus by the lobulation of the ovary and testes and the presence of tegumental spines all over the body of the trematode. Lecithodendrium duboisi n.sp. is described from Taphozous nudiventris nudiventris. It differs from the other known species of the genus by the characteristic arrangement of the vitellaria in the form of a continuous band posterior to the testes, while in the other species of the genus the vitellaria occur in the form of two separate clusters of post-testicular vitelline follicles.

Studies on heterologous immunity in schistosomiasis. I. Heterologous schistosome immunity in mice.

Epidemiological and experimental studies indicate that heterologous immunity resulting from exposure to bovine and other animal schistosomes might be of some importance in determining the relative severity of schistosome infection in man in different parts of the world. The reduction in the severity of a disease process, resulting from exposure to relatively non-pathogenic infections, has been called "zooprophylaxis".The observations recorded in the present paper on the interaction in mice of Schistosoma bovis, S. mattheei and S. rodhaini with S. mansoni provide further evidence of this phenomenon. The most potent immunizing effect was produced with S. bovis and S. mattheei, which resulted in a reduction in the expected S. mansoni egg load of 74% and 85.7%, respectively.It is suggested that zooprophylaxis may be an important factor in limiting the severity of schistosomiasis in areas of Africa where bovine and other animal schistosomes are prevalent. The relatively more severe nature of the disease in Egypt and Brazil may be in part due to the absence of concomitant transmission of bovine schistosomes.