Comparison of the sphygmooscillographic method with the direct and auscultatory methods of measuring blood pressure.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare blood pressure (BP) measured by the sphygmooscillographic method with that measured by the direct and auscultatory methods. METHODS: In 15 adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery, blood pressure was measured by the sphygmooscillographic and direct methods simultaneously on the same upper extremity. In another group of 86 children and 11 adults, blood pressure was measured by the sphygmooscillographic and auscultatory methods simultaneously, with one cuff. For the sphygmooscillographic measurement, we used sphygmomanometer-S, which measures blood pressure on the basis of the amplitude height (oscillometric) and the morphology (sphygmographic) of pulse waves recorded by a transducer placed in the cuff. RESULTS: The systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured by the sphygmooscillographic method were both 2 mm Hg higher than those from the direct method; the mean blood pressure was 0.6 mm Hg higher. These differences were not significant. Compared with the auscultatory method, sphygmooscillographic systolic values were higher by 7 mm Hg, while diastolic values were lower by 9 mm Hg. These differences were significant. CONCLUSIONS: Blood pressure measurements obtained by the sphygmooscillographic method correlate well with the direct method for measuring blood pressure in children and adults; but, they do not correlate well with the auscultatory method.

[Occurrence of arterial hypertension in hospitalized children aged 3 days to 4 years]. / Czestosc wystepowania nadcisnienia tetniczego u dzieci hospitalizowanych w wieku od 3 dni do 4 lat zycia.

Totally 510 measures of blood pressure were performed with sphygmo-oscillographic, ultrasound, and auscultation techniques. Sphygmo-oscillography was used for all measurements whereas ultrasound failed in 2.9% and auscultation in 48.2% of cases. Arterial hypertension was diagnosed in 24 children, i.e 11%.

[Comparison of the automatic sphygmo-oscillographic and auscultation methods of blood pressure measurements]. / Porównanie metody sfigmooscylograficznej automatycznej i osluchowej pomiaru cisnienia krwi.

Sphygmomanometer S is the microcomputer device measuring blood pressure for (BP) on the basis of amplitude height and morphology of pulse waves, registered by the pulse converter placed in the air system of a cuff. The letter S stands the sphygmo-oscillographic method used in BP measurement (11). Sphygmomanometer S may be used to determine BP in infants, babies, children and adults (9, 10, 11, 12). The BP measurement results obtained in this way approximate the results of a direct method (1, 3, 8, 14). In order to carry out the simultaneous BP measurement by the sphygmo-oscillographic and the ascultatory methods, sphygmomanometer S was connected trough a manufactured Y-shaped joint with the aneroid-sphygmomanometer manufactured by INCO. This type of connection enabled the measurement to be realized with one cuff and both sphygmomanometers coincidentally. The measurement results of the systolic, diastolic and mean pressures, determined by the sphygmo-oscillographic method, were read from the sphygmomanometer S digital display. At the same time, the Korotkov tones were listened to through the stethscope placed over the brachial artery. The first phase of Korotkov tones was considered to be the systolic pressure while the fourth phase was the diastolic one. The mean pressure is determined by the sphygmomanometer S on the basis of the pulse wave peak amplitudes. In other words, pressure in the cuff, corresponding to the peak pulse waves, is the mean. However, in the ausculatory method, the mean pressure was calculated from the formula; Pm = Pd + 0,4 (Ps-Pd) where 'Pm is the mean pressure, Pd--the diastolic pressure and Ps the systolic pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Measurement of arterial blood pressure using the sphygmomanometer-S and the direct method]. / Pomiar cisnienia tetniczego krwi sfigmomanometrem-S i metoda bezposrednia.

Sphygmomanometer--S is the microcomputer device measuring blood pressure (BP) by the noninvasive sphygmooscillographic method following standard algorithm. When compared sphygmomanometer--S with auscultatory method, this device overestimated systolic BP by 7 mm Hg, and underestimated diastolic BP by 9 mm Hg on the average. In other words, sphygmomanometer--S overestimated systolic pressure and lowers diastolic pressure in relation to auscultatory method in the same ratio and value, as the direct method in relation to the auscultatory method. In this study, we evaluated the accuracy of the results obtained by sphygmomanometer--S, with simultaneously recorded radial artery pressure by direct method. In 15 patients 27-60 years of age undergoing cardiac surgery BP was measured by sphygmomanometer--S and direct method simultaneously on the same left upper extremity. We measured direct radial artery pressure using AE 840 Nycotron transducer and Philips amplifier. BP by sphygmomanometer--S was obtained on the same left arm using cuffs of size 11 x 24 cm and 13 x 35 cm. In 15 patients 124 pairs of BP measurement were carried out with sphygmomanometer--S and direct method. The regression equation for systolic, diastolic and mean pressure demonstrated the coincidence of the BP results obtained by sphygmomanometer--S with direct method. The correlation coefficient (r) was 0.97 for systolic, 0.90 for diastolic and 0.92 for mean pressure. Systolic and diastolic pressure measured by the sphygmomanometer--S were 2 mm Hg and mean 0.6 mm Hg higher on the average, than the same pressures obtained by direct method (ryc. 1). These differences were statistically not significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Measurement of hypertension in infants with sphygmomanometer-S]. / Mierzenie cisnienia tetniczego u noworodków sfigmomanometrem--S.

Hundred sixty four measurements of the arterial blood pressure were performed in 53 newborns aged between 1 and 9 days. sphygmomanometer-S used for this purpose is a microcomputer which measures arterial blood pressure basing on the amplitude of the registered pulse waves. Obtained results of the systolic and mean blood pressure values were comparable with those reported by other authors whereas diastolic blood pressure values were somewhat lower.

[Measurement of blood pressure in children aged 0 to 2 years by four indirect methods]. / Pomiar cisnienia krwi u dzieci w wieku od 0 do 2 lat czterema metodami posrednimi.

In 75 children aged 0 to 2 years 104 blood pressure measurement have been performed by palpation, auscultation, ultrasound and sphigo-oscillographic method. It has been found that sphigo-oscillographic and ultrasound method are the most reliable and adequate for children below 2 years of age. The sphigo-oscillographic method shows higher and the method of palpation and auscultation lower values of systolic blood pressure than the ultrasound one. Hypertension has been detected in 7% of the investigated children.