Pharmaceutical cost savings from the treatment of oncology patients in clinical trials.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was twofold: to assess the annual pharmaceutical savings associated with the treatment of cancer patients at Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital and to estimate the cost of innovative antineoplastic therapies that patients receive as experimental treatment, both during clinical trials throughout 2020. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational and financial analysis of the drug cost related to clinical trials was applied. Direct cost savings to the Regional Health System of Cantabria and the cost of innovative therapies used as an experimental treatment in clinical trials were quantified. RESULTS: This study includes 38 clinical trials with a sample of 101 patients. The clinical trials analyzed provide a total cost savings of €603,350.21 and an average cost saving of €6,630.22 per patient. Furthermore, the total investment amounts to €789,892.67, with an average investment of €15,488.09 per patient. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical trials are essential for the advancement of science. Furthermore, clinical trials can be a significant source of income for both hospitals and Regional Health Systems, contributing to their financial sustainability.

Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, validity and responsiveness of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ-Sp) in Spain.

BACKGROUND: The Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ) is a self-report tool widely recognized for measuring the health status of patients with hand and wrist problems from a multidimensional perspective. The aim of this study is to translate and culturally adapt the MHQ and validate its psychometric properties of validity, reliability, and responsiveness for different hand problems in Spain. METHODS: The MHQ was translated and culturally adapted following the recommendations of the American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons. The validation process adhered to the current Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Status Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) group and was conducted on 262 hand patients. Reliability was assessed through internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha. The study evaluated the test-retest reliability of the measurements using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Additionally, the measurement error was calculated using the standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable change (SDC). To assess the structural validity, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed, while construct validity was evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Finally, responsiveness was assessed using effect size (ES), standardized response mean (SRM), and minimum clinically important difference (MCID). RESULTS: The reliability of the test was confirmed through internal consistency analysis, with a good Crombach's Alpha (0.82-0.85), and test-retest analysis, with good values of ICC (0.74-0.91). The measurement error was also assessed, with low values of SEM (1.70-4.67) and SDC (4.71-12.94)). The CFA confirmed the unidimensionality of each scale with goodness of fit indices, while the MHQ showed a high and negative correlation with DASH (r = - 0.75, P < 0.001) and DASH-work (r = - 0.63, P < 0.001) and was irrelevant with EQ-5D (r = - 0.01, P > 0.005) and grip strength (r = 0.05, P > 0.005). At week 5, all 222 patients across the three diagnosed hand subgroups showed moderate to high values above 0.92 for ES and SRM, with one MCID above 6.85. CONCLUSIONS: The MHQ-Sp was culturally adapted, and the results of this version showed good reliability and validity as well as high responsiveness for a wide range of hand conditions after surgical or conservative treatment in Spain.

Why Are Spanish Nurses Going to Work Sick? Questionnaire for the Measurement of Presenteeism in Nurses.

Presenteeism is defined as the presence of the worker at their workplace despite not being in optimal physical or mental conditions. Presenteeism is a phenomenon that has been poorly studied in the context of healthcare. Despite the many negative consequences associated with presenteeism, to date, no studies have investigated this issue in nurses in Spain. The objective was to develop and validate a questionnaire on presenteeism to be used by nursing staff in Spain. METHODS: A psychometric study for the development and validation of a questionnaire. The PRESENCA® questionnaire on presenteeism was created by a panel of experts, based on a survey comprised of 31 Likert-type items. RESULTS: In total, 355 nurses completed the questionnaire. The factorial analysis revealed the existence of 3 factors and confirmed appropriate levels of validity and reliability (alpha = 0.729). CONCLUSIONS: The PRESENCA® questionnaire is the first tool developed and validated in Spanish for the assessment of presenteeism in nursing. Our findings demonstrate that this scale has appropriate psychometric properties and its use may facilitate the detection of presenteeism among professionals. As a result, use of this questionnaire may contribute towards the improvement of clinical safety.

Predictive Model of Preventive Behaviors against COVID-19 in the Older Adult: The PREASOC-COVID-19 Study.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between COVID-19 preventive behaviors, as the dependent variable, with risk perception, coping style and sense of coherence, as independent variables, in older people living in the community. METHODS: An observational design for predictive model development. This study was reported following the STROBE statement. The subjects were people over 65 years of age living in the community. Data collection included sociodemographic variables related to COVID-19, risk perception and types, coping styles in the face of contagion, sense of coherence, and preventive behaviors in the face of COVID-19. The data collection period was from November 2020 to January 2021. RESULTS: A total of 305 people participated in this study (71.5% women, mean age 71.34 years; 6.9% suffered from COVID-19 and 44.3% knew someone close to them who suffered from the virus). The coping style variables problem-focused, emotion-focused, and sense of coherence subscales Significance and manageability explained 17% of the variable preventive behaviors against COVID-19. There were statistically significant differences by gender in all subscales, with women scoring higher in all of them; Conclusions: Men with low risk perception, extrinsic risk perception, and low sense of coherence presented worse COVID-19 preventive behaviors. It would be interesting to develop specific prevention and health education campaigns for this population.

Nursing Students' Satisfaction: A Comparison between Medium- and High-Fidelity Simulation Training.

Training based on clinical simulation is an effective method of teaching in nursing. Nevertheless, there is no clear evidence about if it is better to use high- or medium-fidelity simulation. The aim is to analyse if students are more satisfied when their clinical simulation practices are based on high-fidelity simulation (HFS) or medium-fidelity simulation (MFS). Students´ satisfaction was assessed using the Satisfaction Scale Questionnaire with High-Fidelity Clinical Simulation. The sample is composed of 393 students from two Spanish Universities. Satisfaction with simulation in nursing students is significantly greater in MFS than HFS. Simulation is beneficial for learning in all its forms, but for the acquisition of basic skills, and at a lower cost, MFS proves to be effective. However, high-fidelity is not always better than medium-fidelity as this depends on the student's level of knowledge and clinical experience.

Estudio descriptivo de la satisfacción de los estudiantes del Grado en Enfermería en las prácticas de simulación clínica de alta fidelidad / Descriptive study of the satisfaction of nursing degree students in high-fidelity clinical simulation practices

OBJETIVO: Describir el nivel de satisfacción de los estudiantes de Enfermería con la simulación clínica en su formación de Grado. MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal retrospectivo en estudiantes del Grado en Enfermería durante los cursos académicos 2016-2017 y 2017-2018. El instrumento utilizado fue la escala de satisfacción en SC de alta fidelidad en estudiantes (ESSAF), un cuestionario validado, anónimo y autoadministrado (alfa de Cronbach 0,857) para medir el grado de satisfacción tras las prácticas en simulación clínica de alta fidelidad. RESULTADOS: Participaron un total de 269 estudiantes, de los cuales el 63,3% fueron mujeres y la edad media ± desviación estándar de la muestra fue de 21,68 ± 13,46 años. El análisis de frecuencias muestra resultados del nivel de satisfacción superiores al 89%, especialmente en la toma de decisiones, la capacidad de priorizar y el aprendizaje de procedimientos. El 87% de las respuestas superaban una media de 4 sobre 5. Las preguntas del cuestionario con respuestas superiores al 4,6 fueron el realismo de los casos (4,71), el profesor hace retroalimentación constructiva después de cada sesión (4,65), la simulación relaciona la teoría con la practica (4,72), el análisis (debriefing) al final de la sesión ayuda a la reflexión de los casos (4,65) y utilidad práctica (4,69). CONCLUSIONES: Los estudiantes del Grado en Enfermería de la Universidad de Cantabria (España) refieren una elevada satisfacción con la simulación clínica de alta fidelidad, confirmando su utilidad en el proceso de aprendizaje

OBJECTIVE: To describe the level of satisfaction of nursing students with clinical simulation in their undergraduate training. METHOD: a descriptive observational study of a retrospective cross section was conducted in undergraduate students in Nursing during the academic years 2016-17 and 2017-18. The instrument used was the High Fidelity Clinical Simulation satisfaction scale in students (ESSAF), a validated, anonymous and self-administered questionnaire (alpha .857) to measure the level of satisfaction after high-fidelity clinical simulation practices. RESULTS: Data were collected from a total of 269 students, of which 63.3% were women and the average age of the sample was 21.68±13.46 years. The analysis of frequencies shows results of the grade of satisfaction over 89%, especially in decision-making, the ability to prioritize and learning procedures. Of the answers, 87% exceeded an average of 4 out of 5. The questions in the questionnaire with answers higher than 4.6 were the realism of the cases (4.71), the teacher provides constructive feedback after each session (4.65), the simulation relates theory to practice (4.72), the analysis (debriefing) at the end of the session helps reflection on the cases (4.65) and practical utility (4.69). CONCLUSIONS: Nursing students from the University of Cantabria (Spain) report high satisfaction in high fidelity clinical simulation, confirming its usefulness in the learning process

Retirement or no Retirement? The Decision's Effects on Cognitive Functioning, Well-Being, and Quality of Life.

This study addressed the psychological effects on personal well-being and reported quality of life of staying professionally active in late adulthood, and to what extent years of professional inactivity modulates cognitive abilities. DESIGN AND METHODS: We collected data on 262 elderly adults, 129 of whom were professionally active elderly adults (who voluntarily maintained their professional activity after the age of retirement) and 133 of whom were retired adults, in a set of experimental tasks to measure basic cognitive resources. The study took place during the first quarter of 2020. RESULTS: Active elderly people performed better on cognitive tasks that assessed attention, memory, and solving abilities and also reported more satisfaction with life and their current work. Multiple linear regressions analyses revealed that years of inactivity were associated with lower cognitive performance. Mentally demanding jobs were significantly associated with memory performance, but not with attention and planning. CONCLUSIONS: An involuntary separation from professional activity in the beginning of late adulthood may cause a deeper decline of cognitive functions, poorer adaptive adjustment to the aging process, and higher dissatisfaction with the period of life the individual is going through.

Descriptive study of the satisfaction of nursing degree students in high-fidelity clinical simulation practices. / Estudio descriptivo de la satisfacción de los estudiantes del Grado en Enfermería en las prácticas de simulación clínica de alta fidelidad.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the level of satisfaction of nursing students with clinical simulation in their undergraduate training. METHOD: a descriptive observational study of a retrospective cross section was conducted in undergraduate students in Nursing during the academic years 2016-17 and 2017-18. The instrument used was the High Fidelity Clinical Simulation satisfaction scale in students (ESSAF), a validated, anonymous and self-administered questionnaire (alpha .857) to measure the level of satisfaction after high-fidelity clinical simulation practices. RESULTS: Data were collected from a total of 269 students, of which 63.3% were women and the average age of the sample was 21.68±13.46 years. The analysis of frequencies shows results of the grade of satisfaction over 89%, especially in decision-making, the ability to prioritize and learning procedures. Of the answers, 87% exceeded an average of 4 out of 5. The questions in the questionnaire with answers higher than 4.6 were the realism of the cases (4.71), the teacher provides constructive feedback after each session (4.65), the simulation relates theory to practice (4.72), the analysis (debriefing) at the end of the session helps reflection on the cases (4.65) and practical utility (4.69). CONCLUSIONS: Nursing students from the University of Cantabria (Spain) report high satisfaction in high fidelity clinical simulation, confirming its usefulness in the learning process.

Does Jacobson's relaxation technique reduce consumption of psychotropic and analgesic drugs in cancer patients? A multicenter pre-post intervention study.

BACKGROUND: Cancer patients often suffer from emotional distress as a result of the oncological process. The purpose of our study was to determine whether practice of Jacobson's relaxation technique reduced consumption of psychotropic and analgesic drugs in a sample of cancer patients. METHODS: This was a multicenter pre-post intervention design. Participants were 272 patients aged over 18 years attending 10 Spanish public hospitals with oncological pathologies and anxiety symptoms. The intervention consisted of a protocol of abbreviated progressive muscle relaxation training developed by Bernstein and Borkovec. This was followed up by telephone calls over a 1-month period. The intervention was performed between November 2014 and October 2015. Sociodemographic variables related to the oncological process, mental health variables, and intervention characteristics were measured. RESULTS: A reduction in the consumption of psychotropic and analgesic drugs was observed throughout the follow-up period. Improvement was observed throughout the 4-week follow-up for all the parameters assessed: anxiety, relaxation, concentration, and mastery of the relaxation technique. CONCLUSIONS: The practice of abbreviated Jacobson's relaxation technique can help to decrease the consumption of psychotropic and analgesic drugs. Patients experienced positive changes in all the evaluated parameters, at least during the 1-month follow-up. To confirm these findings, additional long-term studies are needed that include control groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN 81335752 , DOI 10.1186/ISRCTN81335752 17. Date of registration: 22/11/2016 (retrospectively registered).

Assessment of the Pneumatic Ischemia Technique Using the Limb Occlusion Pressure During Upper Limb Surgery.

PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to evaluate effective ischemia and its associated complications using the limb occlusion pressure technique versus standard pneumatic ischemia technique. DESIGN: Single-centered randomized, controlled clinical trial. METHODS: One hundred sixty participants were randomized into two equal and parallel groups: (1) intervention group-LOP technique, and (2) control group-standard pneumatic ischemia technique. FINDINGS: Anesthetic incidences (need to administer analgesics for pain and/or hypnotics for anxiety) were similar in both groups. Statistically significant differences were observed for pain, hyperemia, and hospitalization, with higher values in the control group. Patients in the intervention group had, at 95% confidence, a 2.9 times greater chance of having optimal ischemia (assessed as 9 on the analog scale) than patients in the control group (odds ratio, 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.4 to 6.1). CONCLUSIONS: Intervention group patients had lower indexes of hyperemia, pain, and hospital stay.

Nursing students' emotional intelligence, coping styles and learning satisfaction in clinically simulated palliative care scenarios: An observational study.

BACKGROUND: Emotional intelligence is highly relevant in palliative care training, considering the coping styles used by nursing students. Clinical simulation provides the opportunity to evaluate these variables in a realistic and natural context. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the possible relation between emotional intelligence, coping styles and satisfaction with one's own self-learning in nursing students participating in simulated scenarios related to palliative care at the end of life. METHODS: A descriptive, observational and correlational study of students in their second year of nursing at a Spanish University during the 2015/2016 academic year. Three variables were measured: emotional intelligence (Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24), coping styles (the Questionnaire for Dealing with Stress) and satisfaction with students' own learning (Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale, Spanish version CSLS-Sv). RESULTS: In total, 74 students participated in this study (ME: 20.3years). An association was found between satisfaction with learning, according to the EI attention subscale (in which the highest scores were registered) and two specific coping styles (FSP, with high scores and open emotional expression). CONCLUSIONS: Emotional intelligence and coping styles are desirable qualities in students, especially as they have a relevant role in satisfaction with one's own learning. Nonetheless, in part, these results depend on the characteristics of the educational activities designed, which is especially relevant in simulation applied to palliative care.

Emotional intelligence and coping styles: An intervention in geriatric nurses.

Current research indicates a relationship between EI, stress, coping strategies, well-being and mental health. Emotional intelligence skills and knowledge, and coping strategies can be increased with training. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to use a controlled design to test the impact of theoretically based training on the different components of EI and coping styles in a sample of nurses working with older adults. METHODS: A group of 92 professionals (RN and CAN) who attended a workshop on EI were included in the study. They completed a self-reported measure of EI and coping styles on three occasions: pre- and post-workshop and at one year follow-up. The EI workshop consisted of four 4-h sessions conducted over a four-week period. Each session was held at the one-week interval. This interval allowed participants to apply what was taught during the session to their daily life. The instruments to measure the EI and coping were the Trait Meta-Mood Scale and the CAE test. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the pre- and post-workshop measures both at the end of the workshop and up to one year for both the Trait Meta-Mood Scale scores and the CAE test. There was a significant increase in the EI and coping styles after the workshop and one year thereafter. CONCLUSION: The workshop was useful for developing EI in the professionals. The immediate impact of the emotional consciousness of individuals was particularly significant for all participants. The long-term impact was notable for the significant increase in EI and most coping styles.

Assessment of a learning intervention in palliative care based on clinical simulations for nursing students.

BACKGROUND: Major deficiencies exist in undergraduate nursing education for Palliative Care. Opportunities to care for dying patients are often unavailable to students in traditional clinical settings. Palliative care simulation is an innovative strategy that may help to prepare undergraduate nursing students to provide quality palliative/end of life care. It is valuable to explore the student nurses' beliefs, feelings and satisfaction regarding the impact that simulation clinic applied to palliative care has and how it influenced their overall experience of caring for a dying patient and the patient's family. This study aimed to evaluate a learning intervention in palliative care using a low-fidelity clinical simulation for undergraduate nursing students from a Spanish university, based on the analytics of their expectations and learning objectives. METHOD: Sixty-eight students participated in this mixed descriptive design study, they participated in a palliative care simulation scenario and completed three questionnaires which assess the knowledge and expectations before the simulation and the subsequent satisfaction with the performance and learning received. RESULTS: The intervention in question met students' learning expectations, singling out social abilities as important tools in palliative care training, and the students were satisfied with the presented case studies. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that low-fidelity clinical simulation intervention training in palliative care is an appropriate and low-cost tool for acquiring competitive skills. Learning in the simulation scenarios provides a mechanism for students to improve student communication skills.

Relación entre estrés y calidad de vida en profesionales del área psicogeriátrica como medidor de intervención para mejora en el clima laboral / Relationship between stress and quality of life in psychogeriatric professionals meter area as intervention for improvement in the working environment

En los últimos años se han incrementado los estudios sobre estrés centrados en los profesionales sanitarios que atienden a personas con demencia, considerados como el colectivo sanitario sometido a mayor sobrecarga de trabajo, con graves consecuencias a nivel físico y psíquico. No obstante, son pocos los estudios que relacionan niveles de estrés con calidad de vida profesional, la cual tiene una repercusión directa en el clima laboral y en la atención a los usuarios. Objetivos: Estudiar la posible relación entre estrés y calidad de vida profesional como indicadores del clima laboral, en profesionales del ámbito de la psicogeriatría. Específico: identificar los niveles de estrés (burnout) y de calidad de vida profesional, y establecer una relación con ciertas variables sociodemográficas. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo y transversal que estudió las variables burnout y calidad de vida profesional en profesionales sanitarios de dos centros residenciales para mayores de Santander, con más del 50% de los usuarios con deterioro cognitivo en diferentes estadios. Resultados: Se hallaron puntuaciones medias de burnout y de calidad de vida profesional, con correlaciones negativas significativas entre las subescalas de Agotamiento emocional y Despersonalización y calidad global de vida profesional. Los profesionales con más años en psicogeriatría presentaron las mayores puntuaciones de estrés. Conclusiones: Existe una relación importante entre los niveles de estrés y la calidad de vida profesional, especialmente atendiendo a la carga de trabajo en el ámbito de las demencias

In recent years have increased stress studies focused on health professionals who care people with dementia, being considered as a collective health undergone major workload with serious physical and psychological consequences. However, few studies linking stress levels with Professional Quality of Life, which has a direct impact on the working environment and attention to users. Objectives: Identify levels of stress (burnout) and Professional Quality of Life according to certain sociodemographic variables, and study the possible relationship between Burnout and PCL´s health professionals in psychogeriatric centers. Methodology: Descriptive and transversal study that will examine the Burnout and PCL variables in health professionals in two residential centers for ederly in Santander, with over 50% of users with cognitive impairment in different stages. Results: Mean scores of burnout and professional quality of life, with significant negative correlations between the subscales of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and overall professional quality of life were found. Professionals with more years in psychogeriatric have the highest stress scores. Conclusions: There is an important relationship between stress levels and the quality of working life, with particular regard to the workload in the field of dementia

Decisions at the end of life made by relatives of institutionalized patients with dementia.

BACKGROUND: The wishes and preferences of patients with dementia should inform the decisions made about their future care. However, the decision-making that occurs at the end of life is a difficult experience for the families of patients. With regard to decision-making in the terminal stages, few studies have explored the experiences and feelings of caregivers of persons with dementia who are institutionalized. AIM: To describe the processes of decision-making used by families regarding treatments at the end of life of institutionalized patients with advanced stages of dementia. METHODS: Five focus groups were conducted in five nursing homes in Spain, representing a total of 84 familiars. RESULTS: Five categories that describe the context for decision-making were identified: the emotional effect, the "living death," the two faces of death, the values and objectives regarding treatments at the end of life, and the lack of knowledge about the progression of dementia. CONCLUSIONS: The participants have unresolved emotional needs resulting from both the disease and the institutionalization of a member of their family. The participants were unprepared to make end-of-life treatment decisions, and they lacked a consistent healthcare provider to provide informational and emotional support that would have helped with decision-making. The carers' own wishes and preferences were shaped by their perceptions and experiences of the dementia illness.

"Clinical simulation as a learning tool in undergraduate nursing: Validation of a questionnaire".

BACKGROUND: Clinical simulation allows both students and professionals to perform their clinical practice in a safe environment, facilitating the standardization of contents and promoting the integration of theoretical knowledge into the clinical practice. OBJECTIVES: To design and validate in Spanish the Satisfaction Scale Questionnaire with High-Fidelity Clinical Simulation, instrument created to assess the nursing students' satisfaction with the use of clinical simulation in training. METHODS: The scale items were developed from a review of the literature. Content validity was established by an expert panel. This questionnaire was validated by 150 nursing students in the second year of the Bachelor Degree in Nursing at a Spanish university during the academic year 2013/2015. Lawshe formula was used to determine its validity, while for the construct validity a factor analysis was conducted using the principal component and Varimax rotation. Cronbach Alpha was used to determine internal consistency. RESULTS: The questionnaire developed presents satisfactory internal consistency (alpha 0.857). The factorial analysis indicated a structure of eight principal components that explain the 62.85% of the total variance explained, and in turn each subscale presented acceptable internal consistency. Frequency analysis results show a satisfaction degree higher than 80%, emphasizing "the realism of the cases" (98.7%), that "many benefits are obtained as clinical simulation relates theory to practice" (98.7%), "priorities are established "(97.4%)," errors are corrected after debriefing" (93.4%), and "communication and teamwork improved" (90%). CONCLUSIONS: The scale designed and validated on high-fidelity clinical simulation in the Spanish population is satisfactory and adequate. Nursing students at the University of Cantabria (Spain) reported a high satisfaction degree with clinical simulation, confirming its usefulness in the teaching­learning process.

Continuing Education in Patient Safety: Massive Open Online Courses as a New Training Tool.

OBJECTIVES: Describe the use of two massive open online courses designed to provide education on patient safety. Review follow-up evaluation data from the courses. DISCLOSURE STATEMENT: Neither the planners nor the authors have any conflicts of interest to disclose. BACKGROUND: The Nursing School of the University of Cantabria conducted a training session on patient safety through two massive open online courses (MOOCs) aimed at the general population and especially Spanish-speaking health professionals. This study aimed to analyze the profile of health professionals who have completed the courses, their degree of satisfaction, and the percentage of completion. METHOD: In this retrospective and observational study, two MOOCs on clinical safety were created through an online platform (MiríadaX). Quantitative analysis of the profile of health professionals, their degree of satisfaction, and the percentage of completion was performed. RESULTS: A total of 12,400 students were enrolled, and the average completion rate was 32%. The profile of the average student was female, 37 years old, college educated, a nurse in a hospital, and interested in the course because it may be useful for performing her work. Fifty-five percent of students were very satisfied with the course. CONCLUSION: MOOCs are considered to be effective and easily accessible, with quality content for professional continuing education that encourages interdisciplinary work and meeting professionals from around the world.

Prevalencia de sarcopenia en mayores con demencia institucionalizados / Prevalence of sarcopenia in institutionalized elderly patients with dementia

OBJETIVO: estimar la prevalencia de sarcopenia aplicando los nuevos criterios diagnósticos, en mayores con demencia institucionalizados, analizando la asociación entre la sarcopenia, el grado de demencia y el estado nutricional. MÉTODO: estudio descriptivo trasversal multicéntrico con 189 sujetos diagnosticados de demencia en fase media, institucionalizados en siete centros residenciales de distintas ciudades españolas. Se valoraron los actuales criterios de sarcopenia a través de varias pruebas (bioimpedancia, dinamometría y pruebas de rendimiento físico). También se valoró el deterioro mediante la Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) y la Functional Assessment Staging (FAS) y estado nutricional a través del Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Se realizaron pruebas paramétricas (t de Student y ANOVA). RESULTADOS: el 74% era mujer y la media de edad fue de 82,3 años. El 57,1% estaba en estadio 5 y el 42,9% en estadio 6, según la GDS/FAS. El MNA indicó que el 54,6% presentaba riesgo de malnutrición, el 36,2%, malnutrición y el 9,2% estaba en normalidad. Presentó sarcopenia el 68,8% de los sujetos. Hubo diferencias significativas para sarcopenia en función de la fase de demencia, y entre sarcopenia y estado de malnutrición. CONCLUSIÓN: existe un elevado porcentaje de sarcopenia entre mayores con demencia institucionalizados y esta a su vez se relaciona con el estado de demencia y los estados de malnutrición. El profesional de Enfermería es el responsable de la valoración general, nutricional y de la planificación de los cuidados, por lo que juega un papel esencial en la detección precoz de este problema de graves repercusiones en la población mayor

OBJECTIVE: to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia, by applying new diagnostic criteria, in institutionalized elderly patients with dementia, analyzing the association between sarcopenia, stage of dementia, and nutritional status. METHOD: multicenter transversal descriptive study, with 189 patients diagnosed with dementia in intermediate stage, institutionalized in seven residential centres in different Spanish cities. Current sarcopenia criteria were assessed through different tests (bioimpedance, dynamometry, and physical performance tests). Deterioration was also assessed, with the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) and the Functional Assessment Staging (FAS), and nutritional status was assessed through the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Parametric tests were conducted (Student's t and ANOVA). RESULTS: 74% of patients were female, and their mean age was 82.3 years. 57.1% were in Stage 5 and 42.9% in Stage 6, according to the GDS/FAS. The MNA showed that 54.6% presented risk of malnutrition, 36.2% presented malnutrition, and 9.2% were normal. 68.8% of patients presented sarcopenia. There were significant differences for sarcopenia based on the stage of dementia, and between sarcopenia and malnutrition status. CONCLUSION: there is a high rate of sarcopenia in institutionalized elderly patients with dementia, and at the same time this is associated with the status of dementia and malnutrition. The Nursing Professional is responsible for the overall and nutritional assessment, and for planning of care, therefore they will play an essential role in the early detection of this problem that has severe consequences on the elderly population

Saturación de oxígeno en mayores institucionalizados: estudio comparativo / Oxygen saturation in institutionalized elderly: a comparative study

El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar los niveles de saturación de oxígeno y temperatura entre un grupo de mayores institucionalizados y un grupo de trabajadores, y determinar posibles correlaciones con valores de capacidad funcional y cognitiva. Método: participaron 196 mayores y 59 trabajadores, y se recogieron variables como la edad, sexo, saturación de oxígeno, temperatura y frecuencia cardiaca en ambos grupos, además del índice de Barthel, el estado cognitivo y las enfermedades prevalentes en el grupo de mayores. Resultados: hubo diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos para temperatura y saturación de oxígeno. Se halló correlación entre la edad y la saturación de oxígeno y entre el índice de Barthel y la saturación de oxígeno. Conclusiones: existen pocos estudios que evalúen conjuntamente estas variables, y destacan los resultados que relacionan la disminución de la saturación a mayor edad y una mayor dependencia, hechos producidos por el proceso de envejecimiento e importantes para la valoración de enfermería (AU)

The aim of this study was to compare the levels of oxygen saturation and temperature between a group of institutionalized elders and a group of workers, and to identify possible correlations with values of functional and cognitive ability. Method: Participated 196 older and 59 workers, and were collected variables of age, sex, oxygen saturation, temperature and heart rate in both groups and Barthel index cognitive status and diseases prevalent in the older group. Results: There were significant differences between groups for temperature and saturation of oxygen. Correlation between age and oxygen saturation between Barthel and oxygen saturation was found. Conclusions: Few studies have evaluated these variables together, highlighting the results relating saturation decreased with increasing age and greater dependency facts produced by the aging process and important for nursing assessment (AU)

Modificación de estereotipos negativos en la vejez en estudiantes de enfermería / Changing negative stereotypes in old age in nursing students

El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar la modificación de los estereotipos y mitos sobre la vejez en estudiantes de tercer curso del Grado en Enfermería antes y después de impartir la asignatura Enfermería del Envejecimiento. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo intrasujeto de medidas repetidas. Se empleó el Cuestionario de estereotipos negativos hacia la vejez (CENVE). Resultados: la prevalencia del estereotipo negativo global fue del 62,0% en la medida preintervención (M1) y del 12,3% en la postintervención (M2); para el factor salud, del 63,5% (M1) y del 9,2% (M2); para motivacional-social, del 43,1% (M1) y del 4,9% (M2), y para carácter-personalidad, del 58,3% (M1) y del 3,8% (M2). Se realiza la prueba de t de Student apareada que confirma que las diferencias son estadísticamente significativas. Conclusiones: existe una prevalencia alta de estereotipos negativos hacia la vejez entre los estudiantes de enfermería a pesar de haber realizado prácticas clínicas y estar en el tercer curso del Grado en Enfermería. La asignatura ha demostrado ser eficaz para la modificación de estos estereotipos. La adecuada formación de los futuros profesionales contribuirá de manera notoria a la dispensación de un cuidado adecuado, erradicando tendencias como el edadismo que siguen siendo prevalentes en el sistema sanitario

The aim of this study was to explore the modification of stereotypes and myths about aging in nursing degree students before and after teaching the subject Nursing Aging. Method: The research was a descriptive study within-subject repeated measures. It was used the Questionary Aging Negative Stereotypes(CENVE). Results: The overall prevalence of negative stereotypes was 62.0%in the pre-intervention measure (M1) and 12.3% in the postintervention (M2), for the health factor, 63.5% (M1) and 9.2%(M2), for social reasons, 43.1% (M1) and 4.9% (M2) and personality character, 58.3% (M1) and 3.8% (M2). Is performed paired Student confirming that the differences were statistically significant. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of negative stereotypes toward the elderly among nursing students despite having done clinical practice and be in third grade. The subject has proven effective for changing these stereotypes. Proper training of future professionals contribute markedly to the dispensation of proper care, eradicating ageism trends as they are still prevalent in the health caresystem