Cytodiagnosis of alveolar soft part sarcoma: Report of two cases with special emphasis on the first orbital lesion diagnosed by aspiration cytology.

Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare neoplasm of uncertain cell of origin. Known to occur in adolescents and young adults, this tumor usually involves the muscles and deep soft tissues of the extremities and trunk. Orbital localization is rare and not yet subjected to cytological assessment, as per our literature search. We present here two cases of ASPS diagnosed by aspiration cytology, one in the orbit and the other in the lower extremity. The cells displayed abundant clear to finely vacuolated cytoplasm, often with disrupted margins and flowing of the cytoplasmic material; prominent nucleoli and scattered bare nuclei were also seen in the background. Two close cytological differential diagnoses include metastatic renal cell carcinoma and paraganglioma. Intracytoplasmic periodic acid schiff (PAS) positive, diastase-resistant, needle-shaped crystals and corresponding rhomboid crystals with regular lattice pattern on ultrastructure are the hallmarks of this neoplasm. Due to its slowly progressive clinical course and poor outcome, preoperative diagnosis of ASPS through fine-needle aspiration cytology may be essential for deciding therapy, especially in rare and difficult locations like orbit, where adjuvant radiation may not be possible.

Isolated Systolic Hypertension and its Determinants - A Cross-sectional Study in the Adult Population of Lucknow District in North India.

OBJECTIVES: 1) To determine the prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) in the adult population of Lucknow district. 2) To study the determinants of ISH especially the relationship with age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in four randomly selected areas of Lucknow district. A total of 800 subjects, aged 20 years and above, 400 from urban and 400 from rural area of Lucknow district were included in the study. The statistical tools used for analysis were Pearson's Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of ISH according to JNC-7 criteria was 4.3%, which was 5.1% in men and 3.6% in women. A significant increase in the prevalence of ISH was seen with an increase in age. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the determinants showed that age, BMI and smoking were significant independent risk factors of ISH. CONCLUSIONS: Given the risk of cardiovascular disease associated with ISH, the findings of this study emphasize the need for further research to document the impact of modifiable risk factors of ISH and the effect of hypertension screening and specific health promotion in bringing down the burden of ISH and related cardiovascular morbidity.

Peripartum cardiomyopathy presenting with ventricular tachycardia: a rare presentation.

A 25-year-old previously asymptomatic pregnant woman at 36 weeks' gestation was noticed to have repetitive monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. A dilated left ventricle with moderately reduced systolic function was found on echocardiographic examination. This is a very rare presentation of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCMP) presenting with repetitive monomorphic ventricular tachycardia.

LV based pacing in patients with heart failure and a narrow QRS--an acute hemodynamic study.

BACKGROUND: Biventricular pacing is beneficial in refractory systolic heart failure having QRS duration more than 130 msec by improving regional dysynchrony and decreasing diastolic mitral regurgitation. Current data show significant systolic dysynchrony in symptomatic systolic heart failure patients out of which nearly 40% have a QRS duration of less than 120 msec. Our study aims at assessing acute hemo-dynamic impact of Biventricular (BiV) and compare it with isolated left ventricular (LV) pacing in patients of systolic heart failure and QRS duration < or = 120 msec. METHODS: Seven patients with symptomatic systolic heart failure with LV Ejection fraction (LVEF) < or = 35% (mean 25.7 +/- 11.3%). NYHA functional class more than II and QRS duration < or = 120 msec (mean 92.8 +/- 17.0 msec) were studied at baseline and following BiV and LV pacing with AV delay 100 msec for 5 minutes in random order. Parameters analyzed were heart rate, systolic BP, pulse pressure, LV dimension, LVEF, cardiac output(CO), LV dP/dT, LV and RV isovolumic contraction time and aorto pulmonary flow delay. Duration of QRS complex at baseline and following pacing was noted. 'Responders' were defined as having increase in CO by at least 10% of mean basal cardiac output in study group. RESULTS: BiV pacing resulted in significant improvement in systolic BP (140.71 +/- 21.33 vs 149.29 +/- 19.67 mmHg, p = 0.02), pulse pressure (58.14 +/- 21.14 vs 67.29 +/- 19.57 mmHg, p = 0.01), LVEF (25.71 +/- 11.3 vs 32.86 +/- 4.60%, p = 0.01), CO (3.24 +/- 1.05 vs 3.89 +/- 1.1 l/min, p = 0.02) and LV dP/dT (0.69 +/- 0.22 vs 1.00 +/- 0.23 mmHg/msec, p = 0.001) with a trend towards reduction in LV isovolumic contraction time (115.28 +/- 21.61 vs 99.29 +/- 17.18 msec, p = 0.14) and aorto pulmonary flow delay (25.14 +/- 24.36 vs 12.14 +/- 36.15 msec, p = 0.32). LV pacing resulted in a trend towards improvement in parameters as compared to baseline, systolic BP (140.71 +/- 21.33 vs 146.71 +/- 23.03 mmHg, p = 0.16); pulse pressure (58.14 +/- 21.14 vs 63.29 +/- 26.59 mmHg, p = 0.2); LVEF (25.71 +/- 11.3 vs 33.27 +/- 10.0, p = 0.06); CO (3.24 +/- 1.05 vs 3.27 +/- 0.6 l/min, p = 0.88); LV dP/dT (0.69 +/- 0.22 vs 0.96 +/- 0.39 mmHg/msec, p = 0.16); LV isovolumic contraction time (115.28 +/- 21.61 vs 98.21 +/- 21.34 msec, p = 0.18); aortopulmonary flow delay (25.14 +/- 24.36 vs 5.21 +/- 30.1 msec, p = 0.2). Biventricular and LV pacing resulted in a non-significant increase in duration of paced QRS complexes (105.43 +/- 14.82 msec, p = 0.11 and 108.86 +/- 19.73, p = 0.15 respectively) as compared to 92.86 +/- 17.04 msec at baseline. Three out of 7 patients could be classified as 'responders' to biventricular pacing. CONCLUSION: BiV pacing, and not LV pacing, benefits patients of systolic heart failure (EF < or = 35%) and narrow QRS (< or = 120 msec) on surface ECG.