The Effect of Breast Milk Odor on the Pain and Stress Levels of the Newborn During the Endotracheal Suction Procedure.

Objective: The study aimed to determine the effect of the breast milk odor on the pain and stress levels of the newborn during the endotracheal suction procedure. Method: The study was conducted in the randomized-controlled experimental design at the neonatal intensive care unit of the hospital in eastern Turkey between March 2022 and December 2023. The study population included newborns at the 37th to 41st gestational weeks who were receiving mechanical ventilation treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit of a hospital in eastern Turkey. All newborns who met the inclusion criteria during the data collection phase were included in the study. The study was completed with 88 newborns (44 in the intervention group and 44 in the control group). The Newborn Introductory Information Form, ALPS-Neo Newborn Pain and Stress Assessment Scale, and follow-up form were used to collect the study data. The breast milk odor of the mothers of the newborns was used as the intervention group in the study. The mothers of the newborns were contacted to obtain breast milk, and the information was obtained from the mother on the day of the procedure. One milliliter of breast milk was taken and dropped into a sterile sponge, and it was held 10 cm away from the baby's nose from 5 minutes before to 5 minutes after endotracheal suction. A routine endotracheal suction process was performed in the control group. Ethical principles were followed in the study. Results: We found that the intervention group's pain and stress score averages were lower than the control group during and after the endotracheal suction procedure (p < 0.05). Conclusion: We found that the breast milk odor reduced the pain, stress levels, and crying duration of newborns during the endotracheal suction process.

The effect of a hand puppet-based therapeutic play for preschool children on the fear and pain associated with blood collection procedure.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a therapeutic play involving a hand puppet on the fear and pain associated with blood collection procedure in preschool children. DESIGN AND METHODS: The research was conducted as a randomised controlled experiment. The sample included children aged 3-6 years who attended the blood collection unit between July and October 2022 and met the study's inclusion criteria. The research was completed with a total of 120 children, divided evenly into one of two groups. The nursing intervention of the research was a therapeutic play applied with a hand puppet. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a Questionnaire Form, the Child Fear Scale and the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. Ethical principles were followed in the research. RESULTS: Differences between mean fear and pain level scores between the groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The therapeutic play applied with a hand puppet reduced the level of fear and pain associated with the blood collection process. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Health professionals working in units related to paediatrics can use hand puppets, which are easy to use, inexpensive and practical, to reduce the fear and pain associated with blood collection from pre-school children.

Turkish validity and reliability of parenting stress scale for clinical nurses.

The aim of this study is to conduct the validity and reliability study of Parenting Stress Scale for Clinical Nurses. Sample of the study consisted of 202 nurses who were working as clinical nurse in the hospital, who had children between the ages of 3 and 6 and who volunteered to participate in the study. The scale consists of 17 items and 4 factors as "psychological burden", "physical and mental fatigue", "shift", and "work environment". Fix index values were found as x2/SD 1.56, GFI 0.91, AGFI 0.87, CFI 0.96, RMR 0.039, RMSEA 0.053 and SRMR 0.064. Total Cronbach α coefficient of the scale was found as 0.872. Parenting Stress Scale for Clinical Nurses Turkish version can be used as a valid and reliable instrument.

The effect of storybook reading on children's preoperative fear and anxiety levels: A randomized controlled study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of reading a preoperative preparation-themed storybook on children's preoperative fear and anxiety levels. METHODS: The research design was a randomized controlled experiment. The research sample included 80 children (40 in the story group and 40 in the control group) who met the inclusion criteria. Data collection tools were collected through face-to-face interviews with the 'Survey Form', 'Child Fear Scale (CFS)' and 'Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS)'. In the research, the book named Elif Has Surgery was used as an intervention tool. In the story group, the preoperative preparation-themed storybook was read to the child in their room at the clinic by their mother within 10 min. The control group received only clinical routine. The study was approved by the ethics committee. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in the mean scores of the CFS and mYPAS scales in the control and story groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study found that reading a preoperative preparation-themed storybook reduced children's fear and anxiety before surgery. It may be recommended to expand the use of preoperative preparation-themed storybooks in order to prevent fear and anxiety experienced before surgery in paediatric surgery clinics. Story reading is an effective, cheap, non-pharmacological intervention. The clinical trial registration number is NCT05478369.

Determining the relationship between sleep disturbances in children and parental stress during COVID-19 pandemic.

This study aimed to determine the relationship between child sleep disturbances and parental stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional web-based study was conducted between February and April 2021 among 409 parents residing in Turkey who had children between the ages of 6 and 16 years. Data were collected online using the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) and the Parental Stress Scale (PSS). In the study, there was a significant relationship found between the mean scores of the SDSC and PSS (r = 0.499, p < 0.001). In the multiple regression analysis, family type, socioeconomic status, occupation, the presence of sleep problems in the child before the pandemic, and the total score of the PSS significantly affected the total score of the SDSC. The presence of sleep problems in the child before the pandemic was significantly associated with the total score of the PSS (p < 0.05). Approximately 3.9% of the children had sleep disturbances (at scores over 70 points) during the COVID-19 pandemic. In conclusion, as the stress levels of parents increase, the rate of sleep disturbances in their children increases, and many demographic characteristics are associated with the occurrence of sleep disturbances in their children. It is important that parents do not reflect on their stress related to the pandemic and that their children maintain a normal sleep pattern whenever possible. School nurses should educate children and their parents about the importance of enough sleep and factors that contribute to inadequate sleep among children during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Turkish version of the Nurses' Occupational Stressor Scale: A validity and reliability study.

PURPOSE: The study was conducted to test the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the "Nurses' Occupational Stressor Scale," which was developed to determine the occupational stressors that nurses experience during work. DESIGN AND METHODS: "Nurses' Introductory Form" and "Nurses' Occupational Stressor Scale" were used to collect the research data. FINDINGS: The factor loading values of the scale items varied between 0.351 and 0.670. X2 /SD was 2.27, Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) = 0.92, Adjusted GFI = 0.92, Comparative Fit Index = 0.91, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.061, and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.055. As a result, the scale was shaped with 21 items and a single dimension. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: "Nurses' Occupational Stressor Scale" is a valid and reliable scale. Using this scale, stressors in nurses' work environment can be measured, and while intervention is applied, the effectiveness of such intervention can be evaluated.

The transformative power of pain and posttraumatic growth in nurses with Covid-19 PCR positive.

PURPOSE: This study aims to examine the relationship between the transformative power of pain and posttraumatic growth in nurses with positive Covid-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. DESIGN AND METHOD: "Sociodemographics Form," "Transformative Power of Pain Scale," and "Post-Traumatic Growth Scale" were used to collect the data of the study. FINDINGS: In the study, posttraumatic growth increased as the level of the transformative power of pain increased for nurses. Furthermore, some variables were found to have an effect on the transformative power of pain and the posttraumatic growth mean score in nurses who had positive Covid-19 PCR test. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Nurses should be provided with social and professional psychological support to improve their transformative power of pain and posttraumatic growth levels.

A psychometric assessment on patient education: Developing a satisfaction scale.

PURPOSE: The research aimed to develop a valid and reliable measurement instrument to determine patient satisfaction with patient education. DESIGN AND METHODS: Data were collected by the researchers with the "Patient Information Form" and the "Patient Education Satisfaction Scale (PESS)." FINDINGS: The factor load values of the scale items range from 0.534 to 0.890. X2 /SD was 3.49, the goodness-of-fit index was 0.91, the adjusted goodness-of-fit index was 0.92, the comparative fit index was 0.91, root mean square error of approximation was 0.061, and standardized root mean square residual was 0.061. The scale was shaped with 30 items and a single dimension. Cronbach's α value of the scale was 0.93. The item-total correlation scores range between 0.68 and 0.87. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: PESS is a valid and reliable scale. It is thought that this measurement tool will be useful for researchers working with patient education.

Hand hygiene and mask-wearing behaviors and the related factors during the COVID 19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study with secondary school students in Turkey.

PURPOSE: The research was conducted to determine the hand hygiene and mask-wearing behaviors and related factors of secondary school students in the COVID-19 pandemic process. DESIGN AND METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between March 02-April 022021 with 1284 students who continued their secondary education in a province in the east of Turkey. The data were collected face-to-face through the Descriptive Characteristics Form, the Mask-Wearing Behavior Form, and the Hand Hygiene Behavior Form. Percentage, mean, t-test in independent groups, Mann Whitney U test and Multiple Regression analysis were used in the evaluation of the data. Ethical principles were observed at all stages of the study. RESULTS: It was determined that 80.1% of the students used disposable medical masks, 62.1% of their parents chose a mask suitable for the age of the student, and 52.1% used the mask they wore all day long. It was found that 41.4% of the students washed their hands before wearing a mask, and 51.9% after wearing a mask. It was determined that there was a significant relationship between students' mask-wearing behavior and gender, and hand hygiene behavior and gender, grade level, previous training on hand-washing and mask-wearing. As a result of multiple regression analysis, it was found that gender and mother's occupation had a statistically significant effect on mask-wearing behavior, while gender and previous training on mask-wearing had a statistically significant effect on hand-washing behavior. CONCLUSIONS/PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Students exhibited correct behaviors regarding hand hygiene and mask-wearing, but some misbehaviors suggest that training is necessary, especially in the COVID-19 pandemic period.

Determining the relationship between loneliness and internet addiction among adolescents during the covid-19 pandemic in Turkey.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the levels of loneliness adolescents feel during the pandemic, and their respective levels of internet addiction. DESIGN AND METHODS: The sample of the study consists of 482 adolescents who volunteered to participate in the study. All participants had the cognitive competence to express themselves, and had access to the Internet. Participants filled out a Google Docs form including the "Descriptive Information Form", "ULS-SF" and "IASA", which were used to collect data. RESULTS: As a result of the multiple regression analysis, it was found that family income, mothers' education status, fathers' education status, the duration of Internet use before and during the pandemic, and the total score of ULS-SF had statistically significant effects on the total score of IASA (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that adolescents' internet addiction increases with the increasing level of loneliness. Adolescents who reported feeling moderately lonely had a low level of Internet addiction. There were certain variables that were also found to be influential on adolescents' average levels of loneliness and Internet addiction during the Covid-19 pandemic. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Protecting adolescents' mental health during the pandemic is dependent on taking measures to reduce the risks, while strengthening the protective factors. These protective factors include providing adolescents the access to the appropriate information resources and encouraging the rational use of the Internet, which will support the individual and the individual's social development.

Effects of therapeutic clowning on pain and anxiety during venous blood sampling in Turkey: Randomised controlled trial.

PURPOSE: The research aim was to investigate the effects of therapeutic clowning on pain and fear during the process of venous blood sampling in children. DESIGN AND METHODS: This study was conducted in a randomised controlled trial from January to March 2020. The study population consisted of children from 7 to 12 years of age who came to the research centre for blood sampling. The research sample consisted of 166 children (83 in the intervention group and 83 in the control group) who met the research criteria and came to the research centre on a specific date through probable sampling. For the data collection, a questionnaire form, the Visual Analogue Scale and the Children's Fear Scale were used. Therapeutic clowning was used in this process for the intervention group. There was no intervention for children who were in the control group. The calculation of percentage distribution and means, χ2 test, analysis of variance analysis in repeated measures and least significant difference and independent t-test were used to analyse the data. RESULTS: The results of the research indicated that children in the intervention group had significantly lower pain and fear than children in the control group (p < .001). Therapeutic clowning seems to effectively reduce pain and fear during venous blood sampling for children from 7 to 12 years of age. Our results support using therapeutic clowns which is an inexpensive, safe, and effective method for lowering children's pain and fear during venous blood sampling. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The use of therapeutic clowns could become the standard of care in blood sampling for children from 7 to 12 years of age in hospitals. Therapeutic clowning, which is an easy-to-use, low-cost and practical method to provide better communication and cooperation with the family and the child, can be used as a complementary therapy in all nursing areas, especially in the field of paediatrics. Nurses could be encouraged to be trained on the use of therapeutic humour based upon a standardised approach and offered guidance on how to apply entertaining methods such as clowns. Therapeutic clowning can be examined in other applications in nursing care in light of these results.