A Novel Computer-Assisted Method of Bite Mark Analysis for Gender Determination.

Background: Bite mark analysis is an imperative area of forensic odontology and considered the commonest form of dental evidence presented in the criminal court. The process of comparing bite marks with a suspect's dentition includes analysis and measurement of shape, size, and position of an individual's teeth. The present study was aimed to evaluate the bite marks of males and females using a novel indirect computer-assisted method and explicate its application in forensic odontology. Materials and methods: 60 subjects (30 males and 30 females) with normal occlusion were included in the present study. Bite registrations were obtained with help of modelling waxes, and positive replicas were prepared with dental stone and barium powder. Intraoral periapical radiographs were taken for the same. The radiographs obtained were scanned and analyzed by measuring tools using Sidexis Next Generation software. Intercanine distance (ICD), line AB, angle ABX, and angle ABY were measured. The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to compare the bite marks of males and females. Results: The mean ICD of males and females was found to be 32.95 mm and 29.84 mm, respectively, and was statistically highly significant with a p value <0.001. The mean ICD, line AB, and angle ABX were found to be higher in males when compared to females. Conclusion: Analysis of bite marks using this novel computer-assisted method is a simple, reliable, easily reproducible, and economical technique with confidentiality of the identity of the participants involved.

Infantile Alexander Disease: Case Report and Review of Literature.

Alexander Disease (AD) is an autosomal dominant leukodystrophy and occurs predominantly in infants and children. It usually results in death within ten years after onset. Among the four subtypes, infantile form comprises the most of affected individuals. It presents in the first two years of life, typically with progressive psychomotor deficiency, loss of developmental milestones, seizures, and pyramidal signs. Clinical and magnetic resonance image findings usually establish diagnosis of AD. Here, we present a case of Infantile AD with characteristic clinical and radiological features.

Gorham's Disease of the Maxilla and Mandible With Distinctive Cone Beam Computerized Tomographic Features.

Gorham's disease is a rare and atypical disorder epitomized by progressive osteolysis of bone with eventual total disappearance of bone. The etiology is poorly understood with variable clinical presentation. Most times it is initially misdiagnosed as temporomandibular joint dysfunction, periodontal disease or odontogenic tumors clinically and radiographically in routine dental practice. Radiographic examination, such as Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT) play a vital role in diagnosing such disorder resulting in disappearance of the involved bone entirely, which is a definitive distinguishing feature of this condition. Regarding the rarity of the condition, the current study presents a case of Gorham's disease with distinctive clinical, radiological, and histological, features involving maxilla and mandible.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Case report and review.

Muscular dystrophies are a clinically and heterogeneous group of disorders that all share clinical characteristics of progressive muscular weakness. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common X-linked disorder muscular dystrophy in children, presenting in early childhood and characterized by proximal muscle weakness and calf hypertrophy in affected boys. There is usually delay in motor development and eventually wheelchair confinement followed by premature death from cardiac or respiratory complications. Treatment modalities such as corticosteroid therapy and use of intermittent positive pressure ventilation have provided improvements in function, ambulation, quality of life, and life expectancy, although novel therapies still aim to provide a cure for this devastating disorder. Here, we present a case of DMD in a 12-year-old male with remarkable clinical and oral manifestations.

Nonsurgical Management of Oral Mucocele by Intralesional Corticosteroid Therapy.

Background. Oral mucocele is a common lesion resulting from an alteration of minor salivary glands due to mucus accumulation. Rapid appearance, specific location, history of trauma, bluish colour, and consistency help in the diagnosis. Conventional surgical removal is the treatment of choice but has several disadvantages like damage to adjacent ducts with further development of satellite lesions. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of intralesional corticosteroid injection (betamethasone) as a nonsurgical treatment procedure in oral mucoceles. Material and Method. A total of 20 cases (males and females, 10-30 years of age) with clinically diagnosed oral mucoceles were given 1 mL of betamethasone intralesionally. All the patients were examined after a period of 7, 14, and 21 days to evaluate the response of the lesion towards treatment and consequently given the 2nd, 3rd, 4th injections. If the lesion resolved after one or two injections, the treatment was discontinued. Results. Out of the 20 cases, 18 of them showed complete regression of the lesion whereas the remaining 2 cases showed decrease in size. All the patients received maximum of 4 consecutive shots in weekly interval. Conclusion. Intralesional corticosteroid therapy can be considered as the first choice in the treatment of oral mucoceles.

Tuberous sclerosis complex: A case report.

Tuberous sclerosis complex is an unusual autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by the development of benign tumors affecting different body systems affecting the brain, skin, retina, and viscera. It is characterized by cutaneous changes, neurologic conditions, and the formation of hamartomas in multiple organs leading to morbidity and mortality. The most common oral manifestations are fibromas, gingival hyperplasia, and enamel hypoplasia. The management of these patients is often multidisciplinary involving specialists from various fields. Here, we present a case report of a 26-old-year male patient with characteristic clinical, radiological, and histological features of tuberous sclerosis complex.

Unusual neonatal tooth in maxillary 1st molar region: a case report.

Teeth erupting within the first month after birth are known as neonatal teeth. Incidence of neonatal teeth is very low. Neonatal teeth erupt in various regions of the maxillary and mandibular arch. Incidence of neonatal teeth in molar region is only 1%. A case of an unusual neonatal tooth in the maxillary molar region has been presented.