[Alexander Grigoryevich Lyutkevich - a prominent figure in Russian ophthalmology and public health. (On the 155th anniversary of his birth)]. / Aleksandr Grigor'evich Lyutkevich ­ vidnyi deyatel' otechestvennoi oftal'mologii i zdravookhraneniya. (K 155-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya).

This article, composed using literary sources and archival materials, is dedicated to the 155th anniversary of Alexander Grigoryevich Lyutkevich - a prominent Russian ophthalmologist of the late 19th and early 20th centuries (12.09.1867-18.04.1928) and one of the founders of the Voronezh Medical Institute. The paper traces the main stages of his biography, notes his work in rapid-reaction emergency care units, and pays attention to his teaching activities. The importance of Lyutkevich's doctoral dissertation on the treatment of high myopia is emphasized. The article also highlights his important role as editor of the classic textbook "Course of eye diseases" by A.A. Kryukov. In Lyutkevich's public activities, his contribution to the establishment of the Society of Ophthalmologists in Moscow is particularly noteworthy. Lyutkevich's high organizational skills are highlighted, which were clearly manifested in the Yuriev University and in the creation of the medical faculty of the Voronezh University.

[The outstanding Russian ophthalmologist Alexey Nikolaevich Maklakov]. / Vydayushchiisya russkii oftal'molog Aleksei Nikolaevich Maklakov.

The conducted archival research and analysis of literary publications allowed us to supplement the biography and creative path in science, clinical and social activities of the outstanding Russian ophthalmologist A.N. Maklakov. This article emphasizes the urgency of the problem of teaching in medical universities, and gives special attention to the thoughts of the scientist about providing clarity in the process of teaching students. The article notes his role in the arrangement and equipment of the new eye clinic of the Moscow University, and presents fragments of memoirs of his student and mentee, another famous Russian ophthalmologist S.S. Golovin. A remark is made about the need to clarify the terms traditionally accepted in the history of medicine in relation to surgery and ophthalmology. An assessment is given on the contribution of A.N. Maklakov to the establishment of the Moscow Ophthalmological Circle, his efforts to unite doctors, and the development of the statutory documents of the All-Russian Society of Eye Doctors.

[Adrian Aleksandrovich Kryukov (1849-1908)]. / Adrian Aleksandrovich Kryukov (1849­1908).

This article presents a creative biography of professor A.A. Kryukov - a prominent Russian ophthalmologist, compiled on the basis of previously unpublished archival information and analysis of literary sources. The work notes constant attention and trust of his teacher M.M. Voinov, associate professor of the Medical Faculty of Moscow University; describes the main directions of scientific research of A.A. Kryukov, emphasizes the social significance of his work, the long-lasting high demand for his «Textbook of Eye Diseases¼. A.A. Kryukov prioritized development and implementation of iridectomy through a scleral incision in the ophthalmic practice. He was interested in developing ties with European colleagues, constantly assisted with dissemination of scientific information, cooperated with domestic and foreign mass media. He had an initiative role in the establishment and development of the Moscow Ophthalmological Circle. The article also amends the mistake of modern researchers who present A.A. Kryukov as a pioneer of local anesthesia in ophthalmology.

[Fedor Orestovich Evetsky. (To the 170th anniversary of his birth)]. / Fedor Orestovich Evetskii. (K 170-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya).

This review was compiled for the 170th anniversary of the birth of Fedor Orestovich Evetsky - a prominent Russian ophthalmologist, and contains a summary of the published facts of his biography, clinical work and scientific research, as well as a number of archived materials made publicly available for the first time. The main attention is paid to the activity of F.O. Evetsky as an employee and teacher at the Medical Faculty of the Moscow University, the article also notes his efforts to defend the right of female doctors to work as residents in Moscow University clinics, and highlights his part as the main initiator of the creation of the Moscow Ophthalmological Club. To the regret of the scientific community, the activities of F.O. Evetsky as a residency professor of the academic department and the director of the eye clinic at the Yuriev University remain little known and unexplored.

[The Morbidity of Infectious Diseases in the USSR. Report I. 1919-1949].

The article presents the analysis of elicited and systematized indices of morbidity of acutely contagious diseases in the Empire of Russia and the USSR in 1887-1949. The firmly established in scientific literature opinion about stable epidemic well-being set in the USSR in 1930-1940s is disproved. It is established that in the USSR during this period occurred increasing of morbidity of infectious diseases. The main causes of this occurrence are demonstrated.

[First female medical resident trainee at Moscow University's ophthalmology clinic - Ekaterina Dmitrievna Kastalskaya]. / Pervaia zhenshchina-ordinator oftal'mologicheskoi kliniki Moskovskogo universiteta Ekaterina Dmitrievna Kastal'skaia.

On the basis of archival documents and literary publications presented creative biography and professional work of the first female ophthalmologist Eye hospital clinic of Moscow University E.D. Kastalskaya.

[Ivan Nikolaevich Katsaurov - a distinguished Russian ophthalmologist]. / Vydaiushchiisia russkii oftal'molog Ivan Nikolaevich Katsaurov.

Through archival documents and published sources, we have traced the rise of I.N. Katsaurov, an outstanding Russian ophthalmologist, and appraised his contribution to the development of ophthalmology.

[The origins of Moscow Ophthalmological Society]. / Istoriia sozdaniia Moskovskogo oftal'mologicheskogo obshchestva.

The article reveals for the first time the founding doctors of the Moscow Ophthalmological Society established with in the archival documents and literary publications. It also describes biography and work of the eminent Russian ophthalmologist F.O. Evetskii.

[The Morbidity of Infection Diseases in the USSR: Myths and Reality. Report II. 1950-1990].

The article considers the made known, systematized and analyzed indices of morbidity of infectious diseases in the USSR in 1950-1990. The results of comparative analysis of morbidity of infectious diseases in the USSR and developed countries are presented. It is proved that despite of current opinion presented in publications epidemiological morbidity in the USSR was not eradicated.

[To the history of ophthalmology clinic at the Moscow University]. / K istorii sozdaniya oftal'mologicheskoi kliniki Moskovskogo universiteta.

This is the first time the process of organizing the Clinic of Eye Diseases at the Moscow University has been traced and systematized basing on archival documents and publications - from rendering three beds for ophthalmology patients within the surgical clinic in 1805 to the establishment of a separate department of ophthalmology and subsequent foundation of the Hospital Eye Clinic in the Devich'e pole (Virgin's field) district in 1892.

[Stepan Minaievich Khodjamirov].

The article involves archive documents to restore at its most fullness the biography of Stepan Minaievich Khodjamirov. In 1938--1940 he was a former rector of the first Moscow medical institute. S.M. Khodjamirov was born in 1893. He participated in the First World War (1914--1918), in revolutionary events during becoming of the Soviet power in Caucasus (1918--1921). In 1923, he entered medical faculty of the Moscow first medical university, graduated it in 1926 and proceeded education in odinatura (clinical studies) and aspirantura (post-graduate study) under the guidance of prominent scientist and therapist D.D. Pletnev. In 1932 S.M. Khodjamirov is appointed on the position of deputy director on scientific activities and in 1937 he acted as director of the institute of functional diagnostic and therapy. In 1938 S.M. Khodjamirov is appointed on the position of director of the first Moscow medical institute but in 1940 he resigned office because of health condition and proceeded to function as associate professor of therapeutic clinic of institute. With beginning of the Great Patriotic War (1941--1945) he voluntary entered the Red Army. From July 1941 to September 1943 working as therapist of military hospital he headed Soviet underground at temporary occupied by German army territory of the Poltavskaia oblast. After liberation of the Poltavskaia oblast S.M. Khodjamirov proceeded service in various front medical institutions of the Red Army. In 1947 he was transfered to the reserve of military service and reinstated in the position of associate professor of the chair of faculty therapy of the first Moscow medical institute. There S.M. Khodjamirov worked until his decease in 1948.

[New data on the contribution of F. Hiltebrandt to the establishment and development of ophthalmology at the Imperial Moscow University].

The article provides F. Hiltebrandt's biography and analyzes his contribution to the establishment of ophthalmology service at the Imperial Moscow University and its further development.

[E.A. Yunge and his role in education of ophthalmology in the Moscow University].

The article considers the issues of organization of process of education at the medical faculty of Moscow University in the second half of nineteen century.

[G.I. Braun and organization of education of ophthalmology in the Moscow University].

The article considers the characteristics of organization of process of education of ophthalmology at the medical faculty of Moscow University in the second half of XIX century

[Contribution of Georg Joseph Beer to development of ophthalmology (for the 250th anniversary)].

The article covers main periods of G.J. Beer's fruitful scientific biography, his achievements and the role in development of ophthalmology as an independent medical specialty.

[A.E. Evenius and his contribution to teaching of ophthalmology in Moscow University].

Biography of A.E. Evenius is described, his contribution to establishing and development of ophthalmology in Moscow University is estimated.

[The teaching of ophthalmology in the Moscow University in the first half of XIX century].

The article presents an attempt to reconstruct the process of organization of teaching of ophthalmology at the medical faculty of the Moscow University in the first half of XIX century.