RESUMO
Increase in life expectancy has led to increased number of octogenarian and nonagenarians population. These old people have increased chances of developing skin tumours like slow growing basal cell carcinoma on the sun exposed parts of body. Many a times surgeons all over the world are bit conservative in managing these elderly patients and compromise on cosmetic aspects due to very advanced age of these patients. This report is about an 87-year-old female with BCC of nasal dorsum who underwent a major surgical procedure to maintain facial aesthetics.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma (HNSCC) ranks sixth among cancers worldwide. Though several molecular mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression of HNSCC are known, others remain unclear. Significance of p38/MAPKAPK2 (Mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase-2) pathway in cell stress and inflammation is well established and its role in tumor development is being widely studied. METHODS: We have elucidated the role of MAPKAPK2 (MK2) in HNSCC pathogenesis using clinical tissue samples, MK2-knockdown (MK2KD) cells and heterotropic xenograft mice model. RESULTS: In patient-derived tissue samples, we observed that MK2 is reproducibly overexpressed. Increased stability of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27), mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) transcripts and decreased half-life of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) transcripts in MK2KD cells suggests that MK2 regulates their transcript stability. In vivo xenograft experiments established that knockdown of MK2 attenuates course of tumor progression in immunocompromised mice. CONCLUSION: Altogether, MK2 is responsible for regulating the transcript stability and is functionally important to modulate HNSCC pathogenesis.
Assuntos
Proliferação de Células/genética , Inflamação/genética , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/genética , Animais , Inibidor de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina p27/genética , Fosfatase 1 de Especificidade Dupla/genética , Humanos , Inflamação/patologia , Camundongos , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/genética , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/genética , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of transcanal endoscopic myringoplasty in the hand of young beginner surgeons who had just completed the residency programme. METHODS: In a three year period (August 2012 to August 2015), 44 ears in 42 patients were operated upon by a beginner surgeon through the transcanal endoscopic approach in a subdistrict level hospital located in the north western ranges of the Himalayan region. RESULTS: Of the 42 patient, 19 were male and 23 female. The mean age was 26.23 years (range: 15-47 years). In 40 ears, complete perforation closure was achieved at six months (success rate: 90.9%). The mean air conduction PTA preoperatively was 40.84â¯dB HL and improved to 28.06â¯dB HL postoperatively (pâ¯<â¯.001). The mean AB gap preoperatively was 22.40â¯dB, which improved to 9.1â¯dB postoperatively (pâ¯<â¯.001). CONCLUSION: Endoscopic transcanal myringoplasty is safe and reliable even in young beginners' hands. Surgeons can consider endoscopic approach early in their careers without the fear of learning curve. The cost of endoscopic equipment is about one tenth as compared to open approach under a operating microscope, and an added advantage.
