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Ionic liquids (ILs) are highly effective for capturing carbon dioxide (CO2). The prediction of CO2 solubility in ILs is crucial for optimizing CO2 capture processes. This study investigates the use of deep learning models for CO2 solubility prediction in ILs with a comprehensive dataset of 10,116 CO2 solubility data in 164 kinds of ILs under different temperature and pressure conditions. Deep neural network models, including Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), were developed to predict CO2 solubility in ILs. The ANN and LSTM models demonstrated robust test accuracy in predicting CO2 solubility, with coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.986 and 0.985, respectively. Both model's computational efficiency and cost were investigated, and the ANN model achieved reliable accuracy with a significantly lower computational time (approximately 30 times faster) than the LSTM model. A global sensitivity analysis (GSA) was performed to assess the influence of process parameters and associated functional groups on CO2 solubility. The sensitivity analysis results provided insights into the relative importance of input attributes on output variables (CO2 solubility) in ILs. The findings highlight the significant potential of deep learning models for streamlining the screening process of ILs for CO2 capture applications.
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Introduction Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is usually a condition of childhood and refers to involuntary urinary incontinence during sleep. Due to its impact on a child's mental and social health, it is important to determine the prevalence of this condition among a population. Therefore, the aim of our study is to evaluate its prevalence and associated risk factors among children living in rural areas of Sindh province, Pakistan. Methods Fifteen-hundred children aged between three and 12 years of age who lived in rural areas of Sindh and visited a tertiary care hospital for various complaints were selected at random. Their parents were asked to fill in a questionnaire regarding the symptoms and risk factors of NE. The data were gathered over a period of three months, starting from June 2019 to August 2019. The data were then analyzed to draw associations between the findings. Results Out of the total 1500 participants, 570 (38%) were male and the remaining 930 (62%) were female. Among these, the majority with NE were males (70%) and children between the age of six and seven years (65%). The first and fourth to fifth born were more likely to develop symptoms of NE. There was also a positive association between family history (P=0.003), delayed milestones (0.001), psychological problems (0.005), and urinary tract infection (P=0.001). However, a child suffering from chronic illness, parasitic infection, or anemia did not have a significant relationship with developing NE. Conclusion The total prevalence of NE among rural areas was 40%, which was higher than in urban areas. This could be due to limited awareness among parents and limited healthcare facilities to manage the condition in rural areas. However, it is important to identify the symptoms of NE earlier among children to reduce the impact it leaves on them.
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Introduction Hypertension is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Fifty-four percent of strokes and forty-seven percent of cardiovascular deaths are caused by suboptimal control of blood pressure. Economically developing countries like Pakistan are heavily burdened with an ever-rising epidemic of cardiovascular disease and stroke morbidity and mortality. Therefore, urgent steps are required to treat, as well as modify, risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including hypertension. Purpose The objective of this study was to ascertain the knowledge of hypertension and other sociodemographic variables and their impact on controlling blood pressures in the hypertensive population belonging to the low socioeconomic strata. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in the general medicine and cardiology outpatient clinics of a tertiary care charity hospital. Three-hundred thirty-five hypertensive patients of age >24 years were selected and informed consent was obtained. Hypertension-related knowledge was assessed using the Modified "Hypertensive Knowledge-Level Scale (HK-LS)" via a 15-20 min interview. Secondary variables in the questionnaire included social demographics, medical history, and assessment of body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure average values, which were measured during the interview. Knowledge was recorded based on the 33-point modified HK-LS scale, whereas secondary variables were not counted toward the assessment of knowledge. Results The frequencies of low, moderate, and high levels of hypertension-related knowledge were recorded as 2.1%, 79.4%, and 62%, respectively. Among 335 patients, (57.3%) were male, the mean age was 52.5 ± 11.5 years, and 63.6% were professionally active. Median systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in hypertensive patients were 140 and 86 mmHg, respectively. Sixty-nine percent of patients reported existing comorbidities, 54% had diabetes, 20.7% had cardiovascular disease, and 24% reported renal disease. No significant association was observed between the levels of knowledge of hypertension and gender, blood pressure (BP) status, professional activity, and age groups (p=0.877, p=0.863, p=0.125, and p=0.400, respectively). Conclusion The majority had adequate knowledge of hypertension but only 64.8% had controlled BP status. This depicts not a lack of knowledge and awareness but rather a lack of prevention of risk factors related to hypertension. Thus, further studies are advised to look into the preventive strategies employed by patients to control their BP and assess their effectiveness.
