RESUMO
The human body is faced with stress throughout ontogeny. At the stage of intrauterine development, the mother's body serves as a source of resources and most of the humoral factors supporting the development of the fetus. In normal conditions, maternal stress-related humoral signals (e.g., cortisol) regulate fetal development; however, distress (excessive pathological stress) in the perinatal period leads to serious and sometimes irreversible changes in the developing brain. The mother being in an unfavorable psychoemotional state, toxins and teratogens, environmental conditions, and severe infectious diseases are the most common risk factors for the development of perinatal nervous system pathology in the modern world. In this regard, the challenge of modeling situations in which prenatal or early postnatal stresses lead to serious impairments to brain development and functioning is extremely relevant. This review addresses the various models of perinatal pathology used in our studies (hypoxia, exposure to valproate, hyperserotoninemia, alcoholization), and assesses the commonality of the mechanisms of the resulting disorders and behavioral phenotypes forming in these models, as well as their relationship with models of perinatal pathology based on the impact of psychoemotional stressors.
Assuntos
Comportamento Exploratório/efeitos dos fármacos , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Peptídeos Opioides/farmacologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Peptídeos Opioides/administração & dosagem , Peptídeos Opioides/química , Ratos , Receptores Opioides/metabolismo , Receptor de Nociceptina , NociceptinaRESUMO
The study examined the effect of an analog to N-terminal nociceptin fragment AcOH×Phe-Gly-Gly-Phe-NH(2) on the behavior of albino rats. This tetrapeptide (5 µg/kg intraperitoneally) significantly enhanced motor and exploratory activity in mature rats and in 42-day pups and produced opposite effects in 21-day rat pups, which attests to the complex dynamics of maturation of nervous structures involved in the realization of nociceptin action.
Assuntos
Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento Exploratório/efeitos dos fármacos , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Peptídeos Opioides/farmacologia , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/farmacologia , Envelhecimento , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Sistema Nervoso/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Nervoso/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Peptídeos Opioides/química , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/química , Ratos , Receptores Opioides/agonistas , Receptores Opioides/química , Receptores Opioides/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , NociceptinaRESUMO
The behavior of CBA mice in the hole-board test and elevated plus maze was studied after intraperitoneal injection of skatole leading to destruction of the epithelium in the main olfactory system. Locomotor and exploratory activity and degree of anxieties were low in intact mice. Anosmia was accompanied by an increase in orientation and exploratory activities and degree of anxiety.
