[Factors influencing ocular angiogenesis].

The review of literature covers the topical aspects of the interaction of proangiogenic cytokines and angiogenic inhibitors, their implication in the pathogenesis of proliferative retinopathies occurring, among other diseases, in the presence of diabetes mellitus. The paper provides the historical facts of development of the angiogenic homeostasis theory that implies that there is a dynamic equilibrium between two antagonistic systems: proangiogenic and antiangiogenic. The major angiogenic inhibitors involved in the maintenance of the normal structure and function of the eye and in the processes linked with abnormal proliferation are enumerated. Particular emphasis is laid on the pigment epithelium-derived factor that is a potent antiangiogenic agent that is directly synthesized by ocular tissues and a vascular endothelial growth factor antagonist. The review of the literature considers the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy in the context of interaction of these two growth factors.

[Electroretinography in regmatogenic retinal detachment in the myopic eye].

The investigation studied the topographic features of retinal electrogenesis in regmatogenic retinal detachment (RRD) in the myopic eye, by using multifocal electroretinography (mfERG). Both eyes from 12 patients were used to analyze the amplitude and latency of the first negative and positive mfERG first-order kernel components averaged over the entire stimulation area, by rings, quadrants of vision fields and in the areas of the adjacent and detached retina. The myopic eye in RRD even without macular involvement showed a selective reduction in R1 amplitude when central retinal rings 1 and 2 were stimulated, which suggests that the macular region is highly sensitive to the impaired anatomic integrity of the adjoining retinal zones. Longer latency of mfERG N1 is most typical of the stimulation of the retinal macular region in recent RRD, and that is characteristic of the near and middle retinal periphery in a 1-2-month history of RRD, which may be indicative of the progression of impairments in the rod system. The reduction in P1 amplitude is most pronounced in a 1-2-month history of RRD. The findings suggest that a 1-month history is critical in the development of specific functional changes in the detached retina and mainly in its mid-periphery and support a need for early (less than 4-week) surgical treatment for retinal detachment particularly in the eyes of patients with myopic changes in the eye grounds. The authors show it advisable to widely use a preliminary test protocol in poor unilateral gaze fixation (19 hexagons), which causes an increase in recording purity and, therefore, promotes the reliability of the findings.

[Impact of ozone therapy on the electrophysiological parameters of the retina in patients operated on for its rhegmatogenous detachment].

The impact of ozone therapy on changes in the data of maximum combined electroretinography (ERG), macular ERG (MERG), and rhythmic ERG (RERG) at 12, 32, and 40 Hz was studied in the rehabilitative period in patients operated on for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The integral and local glial indices K(g) and K(c) were calculated. Studies were conducted before, within 1 week and 1 and 2 months after a course of therapy. With ozone therapy, ERG and RERG depended on the specific features of changes available in the fundus of the eye before surgery. In the early rehabilitative period after surgery (circlage with subretinal fluid removal), ozone therapy normalized the glial indices, by decreasing the supernormal activity of Muller's glial cells and drastically increasing their reduced activity. The maximum effect was revealed for the function of phororeceptors (except for the eyes showing pronounced myopic dystrophic changes in the fundus). There were increases in MERG, ERG b-wave, and low-frequency RERG by 12 Hz, i.e. improved functions of the macular region and distal neurons of the retinal rod cell system. A latent period was established for the manifestation of a positive effect of ozonwe therapy on the functional of neurons of the internal retinal nuclear layer, as evidenced by RERG changes. Ozone therapy positively affect retinal electrogenesis in cases of total retinal detachment accompanied by a pronounced reduction in the glial index Kg before surgery. The therapy was found to have a positive impact on the functional activity of the retina of pair eyes, by developing within a one-moth latent period.

[Analysis of the clinical effectiveness of vitrum vision in the tired eye syndrome and senile macular degeneration].

The paper evaluates the clinical effectiveness of Vitrum Vision ("Unifarm") that contains a complex of carotenoids, vitamins, and trace elements, which is adapted to ocular tissue metabolic features, in the tired eye syndrome and senile macular degeneration. The use of Vitrum Vision in patients with the tired eye syndrome improved the basic parameters of photosensitivity and increased the reserve of relative accommodation and in those with myopia enhanced uncorrectable visual acuity, ameliorated the magnitude of subjective visual and ocular symptoms, and increased the duration of a visual load until sensations of eye tiredness appeared. The administration of the drug in all clinical forms of senile macular degeneration increased visual acuity, improved the basic parameters of photosensitivity, enhanced the functional activity of neurons in the central portions of the retina (as shown by electrophysiological studies) while that in the subretinal neovascular membrane diminished retinal edema, improved the patients' general condition, far vision, and increased comfort on reading.

[Methods of comprehensive multifunctional examination of patients with penetrating fragmentation injuries of eye]. / Metody kompleksnogo mnogofunktsional'nogo obsledovaniia bol'nykh s pronikaiushcheí oskolochnoí travmoí glaza.

The study was aimed at validating the efficacy of all available diagnostic methods for the detection and removal of foreign bodies in the eyes. A total of 563 patients with penetrating fragmentation injuries to the eyes were observed. The advantages and drawbacks of each method for the diagnosis of intraocular foreign bodies are analyzed and causes of differences in the localization of a fragment by different methods discussed. The authors consider that these discrepancies are caused by 1) use of standard schematic size during x-ray localization of a fragment without amendment for the true size of the eyeball; 2) movements of a nonfixed foreign body in the eye; and 3) errors in diagnostic manipulations (dislocation of the indicator prosthesis, wrong position of the eyeball or the probing device). Hence, a complex of diagnostic methods is to be used for localizing intraocular foreign bodies.