RESUMO
Detection of shiikuwasha (Citrus depressa Hayata) juice adulterated with calamondin (Citrus madurensis Lour.) juice was investigated by the analyses of (1) phloretin dihydrochalcone glucoside, 3',5'-di-C-ß-glucopyranosylphloretin (PD) detected by thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), (2) polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs), included nobiletin, tangeretin, and sinensetin, detected by HPLC, and (3) γ-terpinene peak percentage obtained by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography with cryofocusing. PD was detected in calamondin juice (25.5 mg/100 mL) but not in shiikuwasha juice. Shiikuwasha juice contained higher levels of nobiletin (48.8 mg/100 mL) than calamondin juice (2.4 mg/100 mL). Shiikuwasha juice was characterized by containing a higher percentage of γ-terpinene (12.3%) than calamondin juice (0.7%). A discrimination function obtained by a linear discriminant analysis with PMFs and a peak ratio of [nobiletin/tangeretin] and γ-terpinene detected the adulteration with accuracies of 91.7%. These three chemical markers were useful to detect shiikuwasha juice that is suspected of being adulterated with calamondin juice.
Assuntos
Bebidas/análise , Contaminação de Alimentos , Cromatografia Gasosa , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de MassasRESUMO
Cardiac tumor is a rare, but clinically important source of cerebral embolism. We report a case of metastatic chondrosarcoma in the left atrium with multiple cerebral emboli. A computed tomography scan of the chest revealed a large mass in the left atrium and pulmonary vein. The patient underwent heart surgery to remove the metastatic chondrosarcoma in the left atrium, to prevent the formation of further systemic emboli and possible sudden death. The cardiac tumor resection was successful, and the patient was discharged from the hospital without any handicap. This is a rare case of metastatic cardiac tumor that was a source of emboli into the brain and was eradicated.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Ósseas/patologia , Condrossarcoma/complicações , Condrossarcoma/secundário , Neoplasias Cardíacas/complicações , Neoplasias Cardíacas/secundário , Embolia Intracraniana/etiologia , Embolia Intracraniana/patologia , Amputação Cirúrgica , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Condrossarcoma/cirurgia , Eletrocardiografia , Dedos/cirurgia , Átrios do Coração/patologia , Neoplasias Cardíacas/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Phosphorylated tau (p-tau) is the principal component of neurofibrillary tangles, a pathological hallmark, and likely plays a neurotoxic role in tauopathies including Alzheimer's disease (AD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD). We subjected brains from autopsy cases of AD, PSP, and CBD to a variety of immunohistochemical, immunoblotting, and pull-down assays. In this study, we show that excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) preferentially interacted with phosphorylated tau and was localized in neurofibrillary tangles in the brains of such patients. These results strongly indicate that EAAT2 acts in tauopathy-related neurodegeneration, and abnormalities in glutamate transport play an important role in the pathogenesis of tauopathies.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Transportador 2 de Aminoácido Excitatório/análise , Transportador 2 de Aminoácido Excitatório/metabolismo , Emaranhados Neurofibrilares/metabolismo , Tauopatias/metabolismo , Proteínas tau/metabolismo , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Encéfalo/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Tauopatias/patologia , Proteínas tau/análiseRESUMO
The Escherichia coli mreB gene encodes an actin-like cytoskeletal protein and is required for rod shape formation of cells and chromosome segregation. Just downstream of mreB, the mreC and mreD genes are located. They are also required for rod shape formation, though their role in chromosome segregation is unclear. lacZ fusion analysis and Northern hybridization showed that the mreB, mreC, and mreD genes formed an operon. Most of the transcripts were expressed as a monocistronic mreB mRNA, and only 1-2% of the transcripts were expressed as a polycistronic mreBCD mRNA. Introduction of a frame-shift mutation in the mreB gene resulted in a significant decrease in the amount of polycistronic mreBCD mRNA but not in that of monocistronic mreB mRNA, suggesting that an attenuation-like regulation was involved in this transcriptional control. Primer extension analysis identified three transcriptional initiation sites. Three possible sigma(D)-dependent promoter-like sequences were found just upstream of these transcriptional initiation sites. lacZ fusion analysis confirmed that these three promoters contributed to the expression of mreBCD. On the basis of these findings, the essentiality of the mreB gene was confirmed.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Segregação de Cromossomos/genética , Escherichia coli/citologia , Escherichia coli/genética , Transcrição Gênica/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/química , Sequência de Bases , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica , Genes Reporter/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mutação/genética , Conformação de Ácido Nucleico , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genéticaRESUMO
The actin-like MreB cytoskeletal protein and RNA polymerase (RNAP) have both been suggested to provide the force for chromosome segregation. Here, we identify MreB and RNAP as in vivo interaction partners. The interaction was confirmed using in vitro purified components. We also present convincing evidence that MreB and RNAP are both required for chromosome segregation in Escherichia coli. MreB is required for origin and bulk DNA segregation, whereas RNAP is required for bulk DNA, terminus, and possibly also for origin segregation. Furthermore, flow cytometric analyses show that MreB depletion and inactivation of RNAP confer virtually identical and highly unusual chromosome segregation defects. Thus, our results raise the possibility that the MreB-RNAP interaction is functionally important for chromosome segregation.