Distortion-product and click-evoked otoacoustic emissions in healthy newborns.

Distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOEs) are believed to provide frequency-specific information about cochlear function. The DPOEs have been reported in the adult population but have not been reported previously in the neonatal population. We recorded DPOEs from a group of healthy full-term newborn human subjects (35 ears) to establish the characteristics of these emissions in the newborn population. To our knowledge, this is the first study of DPOEs in newborns. The "DPOE audiograms" from the newborns tested revealed characteristics qualitatively similar to those seen in adults with normal hearing. This study demonstrates the feasibility of DPOE measurements among newborns and provides a normal baseline for this age group, thus fulfilling a necessary step toward the development of an objective, noninvasive frequency-specific test of cochlear function. Click-evoked otoacoustic emissions were also recorded from the newborn population and compared with click-evoked otoacoustic emissions from adults. The spectrum of the click-evoked emissions was variable and individualistic, similar to findings previously reported in adult subjects. The click-evoked otoacoustic emissions of the newborns had a higher overall level and contained stronger high-frequency (4.5 to 6 kHz) spectral components than those of the adults. We also found that the low-frequency components of the click stimulus spectrum were attenuated in the neonatal ears exhibiting a high-pass slope below about 2.5 kHz, whereas the stimulus spectrum was nearly flat in this frequency region in adult ears.

A new scoring system for the Spraings Multiple Choice Bender Gestalt Test.

A new scoring procedure to be used with Spraings' technique for administering the Bender-Gestalt test in a multiple choice format is presented. Scoring weights are used instead of simply scoring each item right or wrong. The evidence presented suggests that this method of scoring would increase the value of Spraings' test in the diagnosis of perceptual deficits.

Subjective ratings of Cattell's 16 Personality Factors.

The Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire (16PF) was administered to 69 subjects. Each subject was asked to rate himself on the 16 personality factors on the 16PF. The 16PF scores and the self-ratings were compared by canonical analysis. Three significant relationships were identified. The relationships primarily involved indices of social interaction from the 16PF and indices of internal traits from the self-ratings.

Maslow's need hierarchy and Cattell's 16PF.

Canonical correlation analysis was used to investigate the overall relationship between the Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire (16PF) and the Work Motivation Inventory (WMI). The results indicated that the two instruments shared two independent components which accounted for 30% of their total variance. The results provide some support for the validity of both devices and provide a link between the factorially constructed 16PF and Maslow's personality theory.