Assuntos
Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/prevenção & controle , Ruído Ocupacional/prevenção & controle , Doenças Profissionais/prevenção & controle , Exposição Ocupacional/normas , Humanos , Ruído Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Estados Unidos , United States Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationAssuntos
Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/diagnóstico , Ruído Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Doenças Profissionais/diagnóstico , Audiometria , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Guias como Assunto , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estados Unidos , United States Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationRESUMO
This chapter summarizes the audiologic tests likely to be encountered by occupational physicians caring for workers with hearing loss complaints. These include audiometric tests, electrocochleography, evoked-response audiometry, and tests designed to examine for central nervous system damage.
Assuntos
Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/diagnóstico , Testes Auditivos/métodos , Doenças Profissionais/diagnóstico , Audiologia/métodos , Audiometria/métodos , Humanos , Medicina do Trabalho , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeAssuntos
Neoplasias dos Nervos Cranianos/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Audição/diagnóstico , Neuroma Acústico/diagnóstico , Doenças Profissionais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias dos Nervos Cranianos/cirurgia , Transtornos da Audição/etiologia , Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/diagnóstico , Testes Auditivos , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neuroma Acústico/cirurgiaRESUMO
The prevalence of tinnitus and dizziness in healthy elderly adults has been uncertain. This study investigated 267 people between the ages of 57 and 91 1/2 years. The subjects had no history of noise exposure, systemic diseases associated with tinnitus or disequilibrium, and had normal otoscopic examination results. Twenty-four percent reported tinnitus. Five percent experienced dizziness. Additional studies will help clarify the prevalence of these symptoms in the elderly "normal" population.
Assuntos
Zumbido/epidemiologia , Vertigem/epidemiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Florida , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeAssuntos
Transtornos da Audição , Doenças Profissionais , Transtornos da Audição/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Audição/prevenção & controle , Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/prevenção & controle , Testes Auditivos , Humanos , Ruído Ocupacional , Doenças Profissionais/diagnóstico , Doenças Profissionais/prevenção & controle , Estados Unidos , United States Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationRESUMO
Previous studies of occupational hearing loss have led to the belief that a typical hearing loss pattern results regardless of the noise source. Classically, the frequencies between 3,000 and 6,000 Hz are affected first. Subsequently, as the exposure continues, the hearing loss spreads to involve lower frequencies (speech) and 8,000 Hz. Although it has been assumed that this progression is typical for occupational hearing loss, it must be remembered that these studies were based chiefly on continuous exposure to noise in areas such as textile mills and paper factories. Practical experience in industry and review of millions of audiograms have shown that the classic audiogram is not as common as generally thought, especially in workers subjected to intermittent noise exposure such as chipping. In this investigation, 12,000 workers were screened to find 295 who met the strict criteria, the most important of which was intermittency of noise exposure. Most of the subjects were exposed to jackhammer noise that peaked at about 118 dBA. The study reveals a substantially different pattern of hearing loss from that reported previously. Intermittent exposure to intense noise results in very severe loss in high frequencies but relatively little or no hearing loss in the lower frequencies, even after many years of exposure. It remains to be determined whether this pattern of hearing loss results from intermittent exposure to all types of noise or only from those kinds investigated in this study. It is speculated that frequent rest periods permit the ear to protect itself from damage in the speech frequencies. This concept opens many possible avenues for preventing hearing handicap in industrial situations.
Assuntos
Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/fisiopatologia , Ruído Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Ruído/efeitos adversos , Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Adulto , Audiometria , Dispositivos de Proteção das Orelhas , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Profissionais/fisiopatologia , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/economia , Doenças Profissionais/economia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Indústrias , Lactente , Legislação como Assunto , Masculino , Doenças Profissionais/prevenção & controle , Estados UnidosAssuntos
Audiometria/normas , Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/diagnóstico , Doenças Profissionais/diagnóstico , Indenização aos Trabalhadores , Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/economia , Humanos , Doenças Profissionais/economia , Serviços de Saúde do Trabalhador/legislação & jurisprudência , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Most studies of the effects of noise upon hearing have dealt with continuous noise exposure. Previous reports on intermittent exposure to noise concluded that it causes less damage to hearing than does continuous exposure to noise of the same intensity. In this investigation, 12,000 workers were screened to find 295 subjects who met the strict criteria of the study. Most of the subjects were exposed to jackhammer noise at peak levels of 118 dBA. Intermittent exposure to intense noise results in very severe loss in high frequencies but relatively little or no hearing loss in the lower frequencies even after many years of exposure. This differs substantially from the effects of continuous exposure to noise of the same intensity. It remains to be determined whether this pattern of hearing results from intermittent exposure to all sorts of noise or only from the kinds of sources investigated in this study.
Assuntos
Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/etiologia , Ruído Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Ruído/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Idoso , Perda Auditiva de Alta Frequência/etiologia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Equipamentos de Proteção , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The Occupational Safety and Health Act is establishing limits for industrial noise exposure. The Act may also require physicians to evaluate audiograms and examine almost two million employees annually. Otolaryngologists must take special training and become certified to provide American industry with expertise in industrial hearing conservation.