RESUMO
Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae (SDAVF) are most commonly idiopathic in origin but may occasionally be seen secondary to surgery, trauma, or inflammation. We report a case of 27-year-old male who came with features of a myelopathy. He was found to have an SDAVF associated with leptomeningeal spread (LMS) of a previously treated high-grade cerebral glioma. Hemorrhagic presentation of gliomas, as in this case, is due to upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor, which has also been postulated to play a role in the development of SDAVFs. This may suggest a possible mechanism of induction of secondary SDAVFs associated with such tumors. While the coexistence of intracranial neoplasms with vascular malformations has been reported previously, this is the first case report of LMS of a high-grade glioma associated with an SDAVF.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas , Malformações Vasculares do Sistema Nervoso Central , Glioma , Carcinomatose Meníngea , Doenças da Medula Espinal , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Encefálicas/complicações , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Malformações Vasculares do Sistema Nervoso Central/etiologia , Malformações Vasculares do Sistema Nervoso Central/fisiopatologia , Glioma/complicações , Glioma/genética , Glioma/fisiopatologia , Glioma/secundário , Glioma/terapia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Carcinomatose Meníngea/complicações , Carcinomatose Meníngea/fisiopatologia , Carcinomatose Meníngea/secundário , Doenças da Medula Espinal/etiologia , Doenças da Medula Espinal/genética , Doenças da Medula Espinal/fisiopatologia , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/genética , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/fisiologia , Dura-Máter , Invasividade NeoplásicaRESUMO
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a rare disorder that occurs secondary to acquired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks in the spine. Treatment involves either an epidural blood patch or surgical ligation. Essential to the selecting the optimal management strategy is classifying the type of leak and accurate localization of its level. Hitherto, this has been achieved using conventional imaging methods such as static CT or MR myelography which are adequate for the demonstration of only high flow leaks. Digital subtraction myelography (DSM) is a novel technique which provides superior temporal and spatial resolution in the localization of more challenging slow flow leaks. However, DSM may also be initially non-diagnostic. We report a case of SIH in which repeat DSM revealed a type 3 CSF-venous fistula and demonstrate a possible mechanism of transient CSF leak block resulting in the initial false negative findings based on morphological changes in the culprit nerve sheath diverticulum-pseudomeningocoele complex. The patient underwent successful surgical ligation with clinicoradiological resolution of SIH.
