Etiology and Epidemiology of Nasal Bone Fractures in Patients Referred to the Otorhinolaryngology Section, 2019

Abstract Introduction One of the most observed diseases in the otorhinolaryngology emergency, compared with the other facial fractures, is related to nasal bone fractures (NBFs). The peak of incidence is seen in the age group ranging from 11 to 30 years old. Objectives The present evaluation was devoted to the etiology and epidemiological study of NBFs. Methods In the present cross-sectional study, 376 patients with NBF were evaluated. The necessary information such as gender, age, education, job, causes of NBF, and clinical symptoms of patients have been recorded on the checklist. Results The study revealed that 76.9% of the patients were male and 23.1% were female; 37.5% of all patients were self-employed, and most of them were from urban areas. Traffic accident (26.6%) and falling (25.5%) were the main reasons for NBF. The most common clinical symptoms for NBF were tenderness (96%; n = 361), nasal swelling (90.4%; n = 340), and deformity (89.4%; n = 336). Conclusions The results showed that the incidence of NBFs in young men without higher education level and self-employed were high which can be related to the traffic accidents and fights. Also, falls, beatings and accidental hit are the most common causes of NBFs among women. Therefore, to decrease the incidence of otorhinolaryngology trauma, training about the general life skill and providing awareness about using personal safety equipment and measures should be increased at the future.

Etiology and Epidemiology of Nasal Bone Fractures in Patients Referred to the Otorhinolaryngology Section, 2019.

Introduction One of the most observed diseases in the otorhinolaryngology emergency, compared with the other facial fractures, is related to nasal bone fractures (NBFs). The peak of incidence is seen in the age group ranging from 11 to 30 years old. Objective The present evaluation was devoted to the etiology and epidemiological study of NBFs. Methods In the present cross-sectional study, 376 patients with NBF were evaluated. The necessary information such as gender, age, education, job, causes of NBF, and clinical symptoms of patients have been recorded on the checklist. Results The study revealed that 76.9% of the patients were male and 23.1% were female; 37.5% of all patients were self-employed, and most of them were from urban areas. Traffic accident (26.6%) and falling (25.5%) were the main reasons for NBF. The most common clinical symptoms for NBF were tenderness (96%; n = 361), nasal swelling (90.4%; n = 340), and deformity (89.4%; n = 336). Conclusion The results showed that the incidence of NBFs in young men without higher education level and self-employed were high which can be related to the traffic accidents and fights. Also, falls, beatings and accidental hit are the most common causes of NBFs among women. Therefore, to decrease the incidence of otorhinolaryngology trauma, training about the general life skill and providing awareness about using personal safety equipment and measures should be increased at the future.

Novel Colchicine Analogues Target Mitochondrial PT Pores Using Free Tubulins and Induce ROS-Mediated Apoptosis in Cancerous Lymphocytes.

B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the frequent pediatric malignity. Chemotherapy is the most practical approaches to deal with such malignancies. Microtubule-targeted agents are one of the most strategic drugs which formerly used in chemotherapy. Although colchicine-binding anti-tubulin agents exhibited promising effects in clinical trials, their exact mechanism of action is not fully understood. In this study, the effects of two newly synthesized of colchicine derivatives were investigated on cell viability of cancerous and normal lymphocytes. The viability test was carried out by MTT assay. Apoptosis vs. necrosis was measured by double staining with annexin V/PI, and caspase-3 as the ultimate mediator of apoptotic measured through the colorimetric assay. Parameters of mitochondrial damage (ROS formation, MMP (Mitochondrial Membrane Potential) decline, mitochondrial swelling, and cytochrome c release following treatment by colchicine derivatives. By focusing on mitochondrial parameters, we showed that following treatment by two newly synthesized colchicine derivatives, apoptosis is triggered in cancerous B-lymphocytes. We demonstrated these compounds could activate apoptosis in cancerous lymphocytes by augmentation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a decline in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial swelling, release of cytochrome c, and also caspase-3 activation. Considering the obtained evidence, these inhibitors could be the new therapeutic strategies in ALL treatment.

Targeting the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway by a newly synthesized COX-2 inhibitor in pediatric ALL lymphocytes.

AIM: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is known as a barely curable malignancy. Particular mutations involved in apoptosis may have a main role in the onset of ALL in the pediatric patients. It has been proven that cycloxygenase-2 is capable of impairing the apoptosis pathway through mitochondria in tumor cells. METHODOLOGY: In this study, we investigated selective toxicity of a newly synthesized chalconeferrocenyl derivative as a selective cycloxygenase-2 inhibitor in ALL and healthy B-lymphocytes, and also isolated mitochondria obtained from them. For this purpose, we evaluated the cellar parameters like viability, apoptosis/necrosis, caspase-3 activation and ATP content, and also mitochondrial parameters like mitochondrial membrane potential decline, reactive oxygen species formation, cytochrome C release and mitochondrial swelling. CONCLUSION: Our results implied that this compound can selectively induce cellular and mitochondrial toxicity in cancerous ALL B-lymphocytes and obtained mitochondria from them without any detrimental effects on healthy subjects.

A Newly Synthetized Ferrocenyl Derivative Selectively Induces Apoptosis in ALL Lymphocytes through Mitochondrial Estrogen Receptors.

BACKGROUND: Estrogens, as the main female steroid hormones have multiple proven effects on reproductive and non- reproductive systems. Expression of ERα and ERß, two dominant estrogen receptors, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in certain B-cell malignancies and the existence of estrogens receptors on mitochondria is open to question that estrogen likely has an impact on the cancerous lymphocytes life span. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is the frequent pediatric malignity which is recurrent and hardly curable in many cases. The malignant cells are generally resistant to apoptosis caused the severe lymphocytes accumulation in the peripheral blood. METHODS: By focusing on mitochondria as a life/death center of the cell; in the current research we compared cytotoxicity effects of a new ferrocenyl derivative with raloxifene as well-known SERMs considering the apoptotic process and survival of cancerous lymphocytes. RESULTS: We demonstrated that both ferrocenyl derivative and raloxifene could cause mitochondrial lesion and initiate the apoptosis process by caspase activation and cytochrome c release. CONCLUSION: In brief, the ferrocenyl derivative could induce estrogen-related selective apoptosis on cancerous lymphocytes by affecting mitochondrial receptors.