Detailed Assessment of Pet Ownership Rates in Four Underserved Urban and Rural Communities in the United States.

Understanding pet ownership in a community is an important factor for assessing the effectiveness of animal welfare programming. Data on pet ownership were collected from 2,327 households in two urban and two rural zip codes. The percentage of households owning pets and the species owned were calculated for the individual communities, the urban and rural pairs, and the aggregate data. Findings were compared to the 2017-2018 AVMA Pet Ownership and Demographics Sourcebook data. The rural communities had an 11.5% higher rate of overall pet keeping and a 19% higher dog ownership rate than the urban communities, but the measured cat ownership rate was similar in all four sites at an average of 19.4% (SD = 2.1%). The community-specific rates of pet ownership were different (p < .0001) than the rates predicted fromthe AVMA-recommended formula, but at 56.8%, the aggregate pet-keeping rate was exactly the same as that calculated by the AVMA. The findings reveal community-level variability in pet-keeping rates that must be accounted for when assessing pet service, emergency planning, and animal welfare programming needs.

Rendimiento y calidad de la semilla de cebada y trigo en campo e invernadero / Yield and seed quality of barley and wheat in glasshouse and field conditions / Rendimento e qualidade da semente de cevada e trigo em campo e estufa

Se realizaron dos experimentos en condiciones de campo en los ciclos de invierno-primavera (ECIP) bajo riego y verano (ECV) bajo temporal, y un experimento en invernadero ciclo verano (EIV), para estudiar el efecto de las condiciones del ambiente en el rendimiento de grano (RG) y calidad de la semilla en cebada y trigo. En un análisis combinado de los experimentos de campo la cebada expresó mayor RG, materia seca de la parte aérea (MSPA), número de espigas/m² y número de granos/m² (NGPMC) en 21, 31, 28 y 22% respectivamente respecto a trigo; los genotipos de cebada fueron 6cm más altas y alcanzaron su mayor rendimiento 18 días antes que los genotipos de trigo; aunque el trigo mostró 11% mayor IC que cebada. El RG, índice de cosecha (IC), MSPA y NGPMC y altura de planta disminuyeron para cebada en 30, 29, 2,12% y 25cm y para trigo en 38, 10, 32, 27% y 32cm respectivamente, al pasar de riego a temporal; el número de días a antesis en cebada ocurrió 28 días y en trigo 46 días antes en temporal que en riego. También en EIV la cebada fue superior sobre trigo en el RG y MSPA en 17 y 33, respectivamente. La cebada presentó una mayor calidad de la semilla que los genotipos de trigo en los parámetros de vigor de las plántulas, mientras que los materiales de trigo presentaron 10 y 23% mayor germinación y peso volumétrico, respectivamente.

Two experiments were carried out under field conditions; one was conducted in winter-spring (FEWS) growing season under irrigation and another experiment was conducted under rainfall conditions in the summer (FES), while a third experiment was carried out in green house conditions in the summer (GES), in order to study the environmental effects in grain yield (GY) and seed quality between barley and bread wheat. In the combined analysis of the experiments carried out under field conditions, the results showed that the barley had 21, 31, 28 y 22% higher grain yield (GY), above-ground dry matter (AGDM), number of spikes/m², number of grains/m² (NGPSM), respectively, with respect to wheat. Barley plantlets were 6cm higher and reached its larger yield 18 days before those of wheat, although wheat showed an 11% larger harvest index (HI) than barley. GY, HI, AGDM, NGPSM and plant height all decrease in FES for barley in 30, 29, 2, 12% and 25cm, respectively, and for wheat in 38, 10, 32, 27% and 32cm, respectively, compare with FEWS. The number of days to anthesis was 28 days and 46 days before in FES than in FEWS, respectively, in barley and wheat. Also, in GES barley was better than the wheat on GY and AGDM in 17 and 33%, respectively. Barley showed a better seed quality than wheat in plantlet vigor, whereas wheat plantlets showed 10 and 23% larger germination and volumetric weight, respectively.

Realizaram-se dois experimentos em condições de campo nos ciclos de inverno-primavera (ECIP) sob irrigação e verão (ECV) sob temporal, e um experimento em estufa ciclo verão (EEV), para estudar o efeito das condições do ambiente no rendimento do grão (RG) e qualidade da semente em cevada e trigo. Em uma análise combinada dos experimentos de campo a cevada expressou maior RG, matéria seca da parte aérea (MSPA), número de espigas/m² e número de grãos/m² (NGPMC) em 21, 31, 28 e 22% respectivamente em relação ao trigo; os genótipos de cevada foram 6cm mais altos e alcançaram seu maior rendimento 18 días antes que os genótipos de trigo; embora o trigo tenha mostrado 11% maior Índice de colheita (IC) que a cevada. O RG, índice de colheita (IC), MSPA e NGPMC e altura de planta diminuiram para cevada em 30, 29, 2 12% e 25cm e para trigo em 38, 10, 32, 27% e 32cm respectivamente, ao passar de irrigação a temporal; a antese em cevada ocurreu em 28 dias e no trigo em 46 dias mais cedo em temporal do que em irrigação. Também em EEV a cevada foi superior sobre trigo no RG e MSPA em 17 e 33, respectivamente. A cevada apresentou uma maior qualidade da semente que os genótipos de trigo nos parâmetros de vigor das plântulas, enquanto que os materiais de trigo apresentaram 10 e 23% maior germinação e peso volumétrico, respectivamente.

[Perinatal mortality at Hospital de Ginecoobstetricia No. 23 of Monterrey, Nuevo León, 2002-2006 period]. / Mortalidad perinatal en el Hospital de Ginecoobstetricia núm. 23 de Monterrey, Nuevo León (2002 a 2006).

BACKGROUND: Perinatal period begins at 22 gestational weeks and ends seven days after birth. Perinatal mortality is an important quality indicator of the obstetric and pediatric care available, and representative of the population's health service. OBJECTIVE: To know fetal, early neonatal, and perinatal dead rates, and them main mortality causes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Descriptive and retrospective study at IMSS's no. 32 UMAE (Monterrey, Nuevo León, México), from January 2002 to December 2006. Mortality rates during fetal and perinatal, or neonatal periods, were estimated per 1,000 births or 1,000 live born, respectively. RESULTS: There were 1,681 deaths: 747 stillbirths and 934 neonatal. Two hundred and nineteen (29.3%) stillbirths had 22 to 27 gestational weeks, and 528 (70.6%) had 28. Three hundred and sixty neonatal deaths (38.5%) occurred before 27th gestational week, 320 (34.2%) between weeks 28th and 35th, and 254 (27.1%) after 36 weeks of pregnancy. Seven hundred and sixty four neonates died within 0 to 6 days of life, and 170 (18%) between seventh to 28th days of life. Fetal, neonatal, early neonatal, and late neonatal mortality rates were 7.2 in 1,000 births, 9.08 in 1,000 live born, 7.42 in 1,000 live born, and 1.65 in 1,000 births, respectively, and overall perinatal mortality rate was 14.58 in 1,000 births. CONCLUSIONS: Stillbirth, early neonatal, and perinatal mortality rates of this study were under national mean. Main mortality causes (70%) were congenital defects and prematurity.

[Papillary cardiac fibroelastoma. An unusual presentation]. / Fibroelastoma papilar cardiaco. Una inusual presentación.

BACKGROUND: Papillary fibroelastoma is a rare benign tumor characterized morphologically since first being described in 1976. Nevertheless, this tumor can be presented with a variety of clinical manifestations, making diagnosis challenging for the physician. There are no gender or age preferences but it is diagnosed by site of presentation along with macro- and microscopic characteristics. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a male patient with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension who was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of ischemic heart disease accompanied by sustained ventricular tachycardia. Echocardiogram reported degree I diastolic dysfunction, apical ventricular aneurysm, and unusual apical tumor of the septum and left ventricle. DISCUSSION: Primary heart tumors have an incidence of 0.0017%. The most common symptoms are chest pain, syncope, dyspnea and arrhythmias. Diagnosis is accomplished incidentally by echocardiography, which is usually carried out for other reasons. Surgical procedure of choice is total tumor resection along with valve repair or replacement, if necessary, and in some cases cardiac endothelium resection and repair, with or without pericardium patch replacement. CONCLUSIONS: Papillary fibroelastoma is rare but is a recognized cause of embolic phenomena. Rapid identification followed by surgical resection is curative, precise and well tolerated by the patient.

Respuestas fisiológicas rendimiento y calidad de semilla en frijol sometido a estrés hídrico / Physiological responses, yield and seed quality of dry bean submitted to drought stress

Se evaluó la fotosíntesis global, respiración, rendimiento y calidad física y fisiológica de semillas de frijol de la variedad “Frijol negro precoz”, originario de la Mixteca Alta de Oaxaca, México. Las plantas fueron sometidas a estrés hídrico durante las etapas de formación de vainas (EFV) y llenado de semillas (ELLS). Durante ELLS la fotosíntesis global en la hoja superior disminuyó de 21,5 a -4,5µmol·m-2·s-1 de CO2 a los 5 días de iniciado el estrés hídrico y en la inferior se detectó inhibición total a los 3 días. Las vainas de plantas sometidas a estrés hídrico redujeron su fotosíntesis global en 39 y 72 por ciento en el estrato superior e inferior, respectivamente. El estrés hídrico causó pérdidas en el rendimiento de semilla de 23 y 18 por ciento en EFV y ELLS, respectivamente. En EFV la reducción se debió a la disminución de 30; 15,5 y 15,4 por ciento en el número de semillas, vainas por planta y semillas por vaina, respectivamente. En ELLS la pérdida del rendimiento fue causado por reducciones de 23 y 13 por ciento en tamaño de semilla y número de semillas por planta. La germinación, peso seco de plántulas y peso volumétrico de semilla no fueron afectados por el nivel del estrés hídrico aplicado en ambas etapas fenológicas; sin embargo, el vigor de las semillas se redujo ante un incremento de 46 por ciento en la conductividad eléctrica en la semilla de plantas con sequía en la ELLS

High intake of saturated fat and early occurrence of specific biomarkers may explain the prevalence of chronic disease in northern Mexico.

To investigate whether the high prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and type II diabetes prevalent in Northern Mexico could be related to the presence at a young age of biomarkers for chronic disease, 25 boys and 29 girls (8-12 y old) from a low socioeconomic group were recruited. Plasma lipids, LDL phenotype, apolipoproteins (apos), glucose, and insulin were evaluated. Analysis of 3-d dietary records indicated the typical intake of this region to be high in total fat (37-43% energy) and saturated fat (11-13% energy). Boys and girls had an average of 6623 +/- 2892 and 6112 +/- 2793 steps/d, respectively, as measured by a pedometer, suggesting a low level of activity. Plasma total and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) were within the 50th percentile. In contrast, the study population was characterized by having high triglycerides (TG) (95th percentile, 1.25 +/- 0.37 mmol/L in boys and 1.19 +/- 0.38 mmol/L in girls). HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations were low (25th percentile), 1.22 +/- 0.20 mmol/L in girls and 1.29 +/- 0.20 mmol/L in boys. There was also a high prevalence of the small dense LDL phenotype B (69%), which is associated with increased risk for CHD. These results suggest that the population of children studied may have 2 different components of risk, one being the high-fat diet, which could be associated with the elevated levels of plasma LDL-C present in the adult population. A second component, related to the insulin resistance syndrome, may be principally genetic and associated with the high TG, low HDL, and LDL phenotype B observed in these Mexican children.

Dietary cholesterol does not increase biomarkers for chronic disease in a pediatric population from northern Mexico.

BACKGROUND: An increased incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) is prevalent in northern Mexico. Effects of specific dietary components on risk factors for CAD have not been evaluated in children. OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to evaluate the effects of dietary cholesterol provided by whole eggs on the lipoprotein profile, LDL size, and phenotype in children from this region. DESIGN: Children (29 girls and 25 boys aged 8-12 y) were randomly assigned to either 2 eggs/d (EGG period; 518 additional mg cholesterol) or the equivalent amount of egg whites (SUB period; 0 additional mg cholesterol) for 30 d. After a 3-wk washout period, the children were assigned to the alternate treatment. RESULTS: Subjects were classified as hyporesponders (no increase or /=0.06 mmol/L increase). During the EGG period, the hyperresponders (n = 18) had an elevation in both LDL cholesterol (from 1.54 +/- 0.38 to 1.93 +/- 0.36 mmol/L) and HDL cholesterol (from 1.23 +/- 0.26 to 1.35 +/- 0.29 mmol/L) with no changes in LDL:HDL. In contrast, hyporesponders (n = 36) had no significant alterations in plasma LDL or HDL cholesterol. All subjects had an increase in LDL peak diameter during the EGG period (P < 0.01) and a decrease (P < 0.01) in the smaller LDL subfractions. In addition, 5 of the children having LDL phenotype B (15%) shifted from this high-risk pattern to pattern A after the EGG treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Intake of 2 eggs/d results in the maintenance of LDL:HDL and in the generation of a less atherogenic LDL in this population of Mexican children.

Valores normales de hemoglobina y hematócrito en niñas sanos de 9 a 12 años de edad de la ciudad de Hermosillo, Sonora, México / Normal values of hemoglobin and hematocrit in healthy children 9 to 12 years old in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico

Se determinaron los valores de hemoglobina (Hb) y hematócrito (Hto) en niños sanos escolares (9 a 12 años) de la ciudad de Hermosillo, Sonora, a partir de un total de 797 niños (5 a 15 años) como muestra inicial. Se seleccionaron los que cumplían los siguientes requisitos: residencia de seis meses, porciento peso para la talla entre 90-110% de la media de Ramos-Galván, ausencia de antecedentes infecciosos y de sangrado en los dos meses previos, no antecedentes de recibir medicamentos 15 días antes, niveles de proteína sérica superior a 5.0 g/dl (50 g/l), hierro sérico superior a 50.0 microng/dl (8.955 micronmol/l), examen de orina normal, estudios de materia fecal para sangre oculta negativos y ausencia de parásitos. Quedaron 180 sujetos entre 9 y 12 años y se eliminaron 50 por no cumplir con alguna de las restricciones del protocolo; por lo tanto, se estudiaron 130, 64 del sexo masculino y 66 del femenino, quedando la muestra por arriba del 99% de confiabilidad y un error máximo del 1%. Después de la primera determinación de Hb y Hto, se suplementó con hierro, ácido fólico y vitamina B12 durante 4 semanas; posteriormente, se determinó Hb y Hb nuevamente. No se encontró diferencia significativa (p <0.01) con respecto a los iniciales. El valor medio de Hb y Hto fue de 13.4 g/dl (8.316 mmol/l) y 41% respectivamente