Diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonellaentericaserovars in surface river water and sediment / Diversidade e resistência antimicrobiana de sorovares de Salmonella enterica em águas superficiais de rios e sedimentos

This study aimedto evaluate the contamination by Salmonellasp. in the Capinzal River, to determinethe prevalent serovars, patterns of antimicrobial resistance, and the genetic relationships between the serovars identified. A total of 108 samples were collected from 2016 to 2018. The isolation of Salmonellaspp. was conducted accordingto InternationalOrganization for Standardization (ISO) standards. The antimicrobial resistance profile of the Salmonella isolates was evaluated, and isolates were selected for serotyping and verification of genetic similarity using the Pulsed-FieldGel Electrophoresis (PFGE) Technique. Of the 108 samples collected, 35 (32.4%) were positive for Salmonella; 17.2% of the isolates were from the rural area; and 88.6% were from the urban area. Salmonellawas isolated from all collect points along the river, with a higher incidence at the beginning of the urban area, indicating that contamination starts in the rural area and intensifies in the urban area of the city. A percentageof 35.1% of the Salmonellaisolates were resistant to at least two antibiotics, while 18.9% were considered multidrug-resistant (resistant to at least two antibiotics of different classes). Seven serovars were distinguished from the serotyped isolates, with a prevalence rate of 23.5% for S.Infantis, S.Orion, and S. Javiana; 11.8% forS.Senfterberg, and 5.9% forS. Montevideo, S.Heidelberg, and S.entericasubsp. enterica(O: 6.8). The variability in specific restriction sites generated by PFGE resulted in 10 pulsotypes, separating mainly different serotypes.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a contaminação por Salmonellasp. no rio Capinzal, para determinar os sorovares prevalentes, padrões de resistência antimicrobiana e as relações genéticas entre os sorovaresidentificados. Um total de 108 amostras foram coletadas de 2016 a 2018. O isolamento de Salmonellaspp. foi conduzido de acordo com os padrões da International Organization for Standardization (ISO). O perfil de resistência antimicrobiana dos isolados de Salmonellafoi avaliado, e os isolados foram selecionados para sorotipagem e verificação de similaridade genética por meio da Técnica de Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado (PFGE). Das 108 amostras coletadas, 35 (32,4%) foram positivaspara Salmonella; 17,2% dos isolados eram da área rural; e 88,6% da área urbana. Salmonellafoi isolada em todos os pontos de coleta ao longo do rio, com maior incidência no início da área urbana, indicando que a contaminação começa na área rural e se intensifica na área urbana da cidade. Um percentual de 35,1%dos isolados de Salmonellaforam resistentes a pelo menos dois antibióticos, enquanto 18,9% foram considerados multirresistentes (resistentes a pelo menos dois antibióticos de classes diferentes). Sete sorovares foram diferenciadosdos isolados sorotipados, com uma taxa de prevalência de 23,5% para S.Infantis,S.Orion e S.Javiana; 11,8% para S.Senfterberg e 5,9% para S.Montevidéu, S.Heidelberg e S.enterica subsp. enterica (O: 6,8). A variabilidade emlocais de restrição específicos gerados por PFGE resultou em 10 pulsotipos, separando principalmente diferentes sorotipos.

Diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonellaentericaserovars in surface river water and sediment / Diversidade e resistência antimicrobiana de sorovares de Salmonella enterica em águas superficiais de rios e sedimentos

This study aimedto evaluate the contamination by Salmonellasp. in the Capinzal River, to determinethe prevalent serovars, patterns of antimicrobial resistance, and the genetic relationships between the serovars identified. A total of 108 samples were collected from 2016 to 2018. The isolation of Salmonellaspp. was conducted accordingto InternationalOrganization for Standardization (ISO) standards. The antimicrobial resistance profile of the Salmonella isolates was evaluated, and isolates were selected for serotyping and verification of genetic similarity using the Pulsed-FieldGel Electrophoresis (PFGE) Technique. Of the 108 samples collected, 35 (32.4%) were positive for Salmonella; 17.2% of the isolates were from the rural area; and 88.6% were from the urban area. Salmonellawas isolated from all collect points along the river, with a higher incidence at the beginning of the urban area, indicating that contamination starts in the rural area and intensifies in the urban area of the city. A percentageof 35.1% of the Salmonellaisolates were resistant to at least two antibiotics, while 18.9% were considered multidrug-resistant (resistant to at least two antibiotics of different classes). Seven serovars were distinguished from the serotyped isolates, with a prevalence rate of 23.5% for S.Infantis, S.Orion, and S. Javiana; 11.8% forS.Senfterberg, and 5.9% forS. Montevideo, S.Heidelberg, and S.entericasubsp. enterica(O: 6.8). The variability in specific restriction sites generated by PFGE resulted in 10 pulsotypes, separating mainly different serotypes.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a contaminação por Salmonellasp. no rio Capinzal, para determinar os sorovares prevalentes, padrões de resistência antimicrobiana e as relações genéticas entre os sorovaresidentificados. Um total de 108 amostras foram coletadas de 2016 a 2018. O isolamento de Salmonellaspp. foi conduzido de acordo com os padrões da International Organization for Standardization (ISO). O perfil de resistência antimicrobiana dos isolados de Salmonellafoi avaliado, e os isolados foram selecionados para sorotipagem e verificação de similaridade genética por meio da Técnica de Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado (PFGE). Das 108 amostras coletadas, 35 (32,4%) foram positivaspara Salmonella; 17,2% dos isolados eram da área rural; e 88,6% da área urbana. Salmonellafoi isolada em todos os pontos de coleta ao longo do rio, com maior incidência no início da área urbana, indicando que a contaminação começa na área rural e se intensifica na área urbana da cidade. Um percentual de 35,1%dos isolados de Salmonellaforam resistentes a pelo menos dois antibióticos, enquanto 18,9% foram considerados multirresistentes (resistentes a pelo menos dois antibióticos de classes diferentes). Sete sorovares foram diferenciadosdos isolados sorotipados, com uma taxa de prevalência de 23,5% para S.Infantis,S.Orion e S.Javiana; 11,8% para S.Senfterberg e 5,9% para S.Montevidéu, S.Heidelberg e S.enterica subsp. enterica (O: 6,8). A variabilidade emlocais de restrição específicos gerados por PFGE resultou em 10 pulsotipos, separando principalmente diferentes sorotipos.(AU)

Preventive effect of an orthodontic compomer against enamel demineralization around bonded brackets

Orthodontic appliances predispose to the accumulation of plaque due to the great number ofretentive sites, which might lead to enamel demineralization adjacent to the accessories. Aim: Toassess the effectiveness of a compomer for orthodontic bonding in preventing the formation ofwhite spots around orthodontic brackets. Methods: Forty extracted human premolars weredivided into two groups: control group (CG), in which conventional resin Transbond™ XT LightCure (3M Unitek™) was used to bond the brackets; and experimental group (EG), in which thecompomer Transbond™ Plus Color Change (3M Unitek™) was used. pH cycling was performedfor 17 days to induce the demineralization process. Enamel on the buccal face was photographedunder a stereomicroscope (at 10x magnification) before (t0) and after (t1) pH cycling. The imageswere used to compare demineralization between the groups by using a visual scale. Results: Astatistically significant difference between control and experimental groups was found (p=0.004)showing that the compomer was more efficient than the conventional resin in preventing whitespots. Conclusions: The compomer Transbond Plus Color Change was capable of inhibitingenamel demineralization adjacent to the bonding area of brackets. However, the inhibition halodid not exceed 1 mm.