[Transplacental IgG against measles virus in umbilical blood of neonates from various regions of Russian Federation].

AIM: Determine content of protective transplacental IgG against measles virus in umbilical blood of neonates of various regions of Russian Federation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Umbilical blood of 1147 neonates was studied, whose mothers had not previously had measles. 672 samples among those were from neonates of Moscow and Moscow Region, 475--from Rostov-on-Don. IgG values were determined in EIA using a standard kit from "Vector Best" (VectoKor-IgG). A kit from Euroimmun--Avidity: Anti-Measles Virus ELISA (IgG) was used for determination of avidity of IgG against measles virus. RESULTS: Protective (≥ 0.18 IU/ml) IgG against measles were registered in 79.9% of children in Moscow, Moscow Region and in 81.3% of neonates in Rostov-on-Don. Mean level of IgG in umbilical blood sera of neonates from the studied regions was within protective values (1.74 ± 0.13 IU/ml and 1.51 ± 0.09 IU/ml, respectively). Predominance of low level antibodies was noted in the studied samples (< 1.0 IU/ml), those are highly avid though (AI > 60%). In neonates from women aged 16 - 25 years in Moscow and Moscow Region protective antibodies were detected in 83.6%; 26 - 35 years--in 75%; women aged 36 - 43 years--in 88.2% of cases. Mean level of IgG in umbilical blood of neonates from mothers aged 36 - 43 years was 1.5 times higher than from mothers aged 16 - 25 years and 2 times higher than mothers 26 - 35 years of age. CONCLUSION: Neonates from Moscow, Moscow Region and Rostov-on-Don, similarly, in 79.9% and 81.3% of cases are protected from measles, respectively. Women aged 26-35 years in 25% of cases are a risk group for measles morbidity and require a closer attention during selection of vaccination tactics before conception, and their neonates--on reaching decree terms.

[Mechanisms of formation of post-vaccinal immune response in children immunized with APDT and ADT-M preparations].

AIM: Study the mechanisms of formation of cell and humoral immunity against pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus in children immunized with immunobiological preparations (APDT vaccine and ADT anatoxin). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 practically healthy children (6 - 9 years of age) immunized with APDT and ADT-M preparations had TLR2, TLR4 expression determined in mononuclear cells (MNC). Vaccine preparations (APDT, ADT-M, AD-M, AT) and Corynebacterium diphtheriae gravis tox+, C. diphtheriae mitis tox- and Bordetella pertussis 345 were used as ligands. Cytokine production was determined in EIA. Content of anti-diphtheria, anti-tetanus and anti-pertussis antibodies--by PHA reaction and EIA. RESULTS: During stimulation with vaccines and B. pertussis 345 strain MNC were characterized by an increase (p < 0.05) of expression level of TLR2 and TLR4 and did not respond to stimulation with C. diphtheriae gravis tox+ and C. diphtheriae mitis tox- strains. Similar results were obtained during study of cytokine production (TNFalpha, IL-1, IL-6). A direct correlation between levels of antitoxic antibodies against diphtheria and tetanus (R = 0.486), antibacterial antibodies against pertussis and diphtheria was detected (R = 0.529). CONCLUSION: Analysis of cytokine production profile and determination of surface TLR expression can be used during evaluation of functional status of innate immunity cells and intensity of post-vaccinal immunity.

[Clinical course of acute respiratory infection and the state of microbiocenosis of upper respiratory tract in pregnant women].

AIM: Evaluate clinical features of the course of acute respiratory infection (ARI) and the state of microbiocenosis of nasopharynx of pregnant women at gestational term of 14 - 26 weeks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: At the stage of outpatient therapy of ARI 49 pregnant women at the gestational term of 14 - 26 weeks were examined: group 1--27 individuals consulting at day 1 and receiving Viferon (gel) intranasally for 10 days, group 2--22 individuals consulting at day 2 - 3 and receiving Viferon (gel and suppositorium). Respiratory viral infection was diagnosed by multiplex PCR. Bacteriologic study of discharge from the middle section of the pharynx was performed by the standard technique. RESULTS: ARI in group 1 of pregnant women were regarded as mild severity and persisted for an average of 3 days. In group 2 in 13 (59%) of patients ARI of moderate severity was noted and the recovery occurred at day 6. Pyo-inflammatory diseases of ENT organs appeared in 10 (45.4%) of patients. Respiratory infections were determined in 16 (32.7%) of them: coronaviruses--in 5 (10.2%), rhinoviruses--in 3 (6.2%), respiratory syncytial viruses--in 6 (12.3%), parainfluenza (type 2) and influenza A viruses--1 (2%) both, without significant differences between the observed groups. Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mitis, Moraxella catarrhalis, Corynebacterium spp., Streptococcus pyogenes with the predominance of the latter in 36.7% and 60% of cases, respectively, in pregnant women of the group 2 (p < 0.01), were detected in the microflora of the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx. CONCLUSION: Viferon preparation therapy prescribed at day 1 of outpatient visit of pregnant women may promote mild course o fARI and prophylaxis of complications of upper respiratory tract.

[Immunocorrection of apoptogenic effect of pertussis preparations with neutrophilokines].

AIM: Study the possibility of resistance increase of macrophages of experimental animals to apoptogenic effect of pertussis preparations with neutrophilokines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Apoptosis was evaluated in Coulter flow cytofluorimeter after staining with propidium iodide, as well as by characteristic morphologic changes in cells stained by histological preparations and by DNA fragmentation. RESULTS: The studies performed showed that pertussis preparations cause apoptosis of peritoneal macrophages leading to their alteration. Neutrophilokines induced by pertussis preparations were also established to suppress macrophage apoptosis. CONCLUSION: The results of our studies indicate the possibility to use neutrophilokines for immunocorrection of macrophage apoptosis induced by pertussis preparations.

[Influence of pertussis preparations on primary culture of peritoneal macrophages and continuous human monocyte-like cell line U937].

AIM: Selection of optimal tests for pertussis formulations (PF) cytotoxicity evaluation using mononuclear phagocytes model cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cellular pertussis vaccine, pertussis dialysated antigen and pertussis dialysated antigen fraction 2 cytotoxicity evaluation was performed by using primary mice peritoneal macrophage culture and human monocyte-like cell line U937. RESULTS: Mononuclear phagocytes are a simple, sensitive and easily accessible model for PF cytotoxicity evaluation. The results of analysis are available within 6 hours. CONCLUSION: This model may be recommended as screening test for detection of PF toxicity.

[Prognostic value of allergic reaction indicators in the vaccination of children with chronic diseases].

To define the likelihood of development of adverse reactions and complications due to vaccination, the authors conducted clinical and laboratory studies of 115 children aged 1 to 15 years with chronic pathology (allergic diseases, pyelonephritis, immunodeficiency states), vaccinated with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine and diphtheria and tetanus-M anatoxin and revaccinated with diphtheria and tetanus-M anatoxin. The results of the study suggested the prognostic value of allergic reaction indicators (total IgE, DA- and CA-specific IgE, vaccine sensitization detected by the basophil degranulation test) against adverse events and complications of immunization. Vaccination in children with chronic pathology in the presence of higher parameters of allergic reactions, by using hyposensitization therapy, was followed by to the formation of tense antidiphtheria and antitetanus immunity. The given data support the immunological efficiency and safety of immunization of children with chronic diseases against diphtheria and tetanus provided that hyposensitization therapy is performed, by keeping in mind the results of prior clinical and laboratory studies.

[State of immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in women in early postpartum period].

AIM: Study of anti-diphtheria and anti-tetanus immunity in women in early postpartum period depending on age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Women in early postpartum period (n =139) with unknown vaccine anamnesis aged 17 to 44 years and under the supervision of Rostov-on-Don maternity hospital No. 2 were examined for the evaluation of the anti-diphtheria and anti-tetanus immunity state. RESULTS: All the women had high level of protection form these infections. The level of anti-tetanus immunity intensity in the examined was higher than anti-diphtheria. CONCLUSION: Monitoring of anti-diphtheria and anti-tetanus immunity in women of childbearing age is necessary to resolve the issue of vaccine administration in this group. High level of maternal immunity intensity will allow to form a sufficient protection from infectious agents in neonates.

[An automatic system of processing and analyzing electrocardiograms of children and adolescents]. / Avtomatizirovannaia sistema obrabotki i analiza élektrokardiogramm detei i podrostkov.

The paper outlines a package of programmes for computer-aided processing of electrocardiograms in children and adolescents, for determination of amplitude-time responses of cardiographic complexes, waves, and intervals and for syndrome conclusion in terms of clinical electrocardiography. The package has been prepared in Turbo-Pascal and Assembler languages.

[Lipid peroxidation in experimental Salmonella infection]. / Perekisnoe okislenie lipidov pri éksperimental'noi sal'monelleznoi infektsii.

The results of investigation of lipid peroxidation in experimental Salmonella infection in 21-day-old rabbits are analyzed. Salmonella infection was accompanied by activation of lipid peroxidation not only in enterocytes, but also in blood serum. An increase in the level of malonic dialdehyde leads to a decrease in the antioxidation capacity and in the peroxidation resistance of erythrocytic membranes. The severity of the pathological process was found related to the activity of lipid peroxidation.