RESUMO
Objectives: Dental caries is a dynamic and composite process. The multifactorial etio-pathogenesis thus influences the initiation and the progression of the disease. The prime pathogenic bacterium includes Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus sp and Actinomyces viscosus. The purpose of this in vitro study was to analyze the antimicrobial property of the test herbal extracts and also their effects on the human oral keratinocytes. Materials and Methods: The bacterial strains S. mutans (American Type Culture Collection [ATCC]-25175); Lactobacillus species (ATCC 4356) and A. viscosus (ATCC 15987) were cultured in the specific culture media-Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin, Man Rogosa Sharpe and Enrichment media, respectively. The test extracts were exposed to the cultured plates and the mean zone of inhibition was measured. The test herbal extracts were also tested for deleterious effects on oral keratinocytes via the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Independent Student's t-test and analysis of variances were performed.-25175); Lactobacillus species (ATCC 4356) and A. viscosus (ATCC 15987) were cultured in the specific culture media-Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin, Man Rogosa Sharpe and Enrichment media, respectively. The test extracts were exposed to the cultured plates and the mean zone of inhibition was measured. The test herbal extracts were also tested for deleterious effects on oral keratinocytes via the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Independent Student's t-test and analysis of variances were performed. Results: The extracts of Carica papaya, Trachyspermum ammi and Caesalpinia crista linn inhibited the growth of bacteria and the antimicrobial effect was found to be statistically significant at the neat/standard concentration (100 µg/ml). The three extracts showed a cell viability range 96%-99% indicating that the test extracts did not produce or display any deleterious effects on the oral keratinocytes. Conclusions: The three test herbal extracts possess effective anti-cariogenic properties with near par with the efficacy of chlorhexidine and T. ammi proved to be the most potent. The extracts at different concentrations also proved to be safe, noncytotoxic producing a range of 96%-99% of cell viability of the oral keratinocytes.
RESUMO
Background: The aim of the study was to compare the root coverage percentage and other clinical outcomes in Millers Class I and Class II gingival recessions (GR) treated with modified coronally advanced flap (MCAF) combined with connective tissue graft (CTG) using macro and microsurgical approaches. Materials and Methods: In this controlled clinical trial, a total of 32 Miller's Class I and Class II GR defects were randomly assigned to the control and test groups (16 in each group). All the patients were treated with MCAF with CTG as the root coverage procedure. For the control and test groups, the procedure was performed using a macro and microsurgical approach, respectively. Clinical parameters were assessed at baseline and in 6th month. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the values between baseline and 6 months. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. 1 week after surgery, wound healing index (WHI) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores were recorded. Results: Intragroup comparisons revealed significant improvement in all the parameters in both the groups at 6 months. The proportion of root coverage achieved in the control and test groups was 78% and 86%, respectively. At 6 months, the root coverage percentage between the study groups showed no significant difference (P = 0.207). Intergroup analysis of WHI and VAS scores showed better healing and less postoperative pain in the microsurgical group compared to macrosurgical group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: At 6 months, there were no significant differences in root coverage percentage or other clinical parameters between the groups based on whether a macro or microsurgical method was used. However, better wound healing, less pain, and discomfort were observed in the microsurgical group.
