[Acute pancreatitis at the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital in Burkina Faso]. / Les pancreatites aigües au centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) Yalgado Ouedraogo au Burkina Faso.

AIMS: To study the epidemiological, diagnostic, etiologic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of acute pancreatitis in Burkinabe. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study referred from records of patients hospitalized for acute pancreatitis in the Department of General and Digestive Surgery of the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital in Burkina Faso from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2012. RESULTS: We noted 30 cases of acute pancreatitis, a frequency of 0.46 % of hospitalizations and an annual incidence of 4.6 cases per year. There were 22 men. The average age was 42.7 years. Alcohol consumption was found in 56.7%. The clinical aspects were dominated by abdominal pain (100%). Lipasemia was more than three times normal values in 66.3% of cases. An abdominal ultrasound was performed in 26.7% of cases and an abdominal CT was carried out in 50% of cases. The Balthazar score was evaluated in 15 patients and was lower in stage C in 9 cases. The treatment was mainly medical. The evolution was marked by the occurrence of systemic complications in 40% of patients and one death was recorded. CONCLUSION: Patients suffering from financial hardships present a major handicap for the diagnosis and early treatment.

BUT: Etudier les aspects épidémiologiques, diagnostiques, étiologiques, thérapeutiques et évolutifs de la pancréatite aiguë dans le contexte Burkinabè. MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODE: Il a été mené une étude transversale à visée descriptive à partir des dossiers des patients hospitalisés pour pancréatite aiguë dans le service de chirurgie générale et digestive du CHUYO du 1er Janvier 2007 au 31 décembre 2012. RÉSULTATS: Trente cas de pancréatite aiguë ont été colligé soit une fréquence de 0,46% des hospitalisations et une incidence annuelle de 4,6 cas par an. Il y avait 22 hommes. L'âge moyen était de 42,7 ans. La consommation d'alcool était retrouvée dans 56,7%. Le tableau clinique était dominé par la douleur abdominale (100%). La lipasémie était supérieure à trois fois la normale dans 66,3%. L'échographie abdominale n'a été réalisée que dans 26,7% et le scanner abdominal a été réalisé dans 50%. Le traitement était essentiellement médical. L'évolution a été marquée par la survenue de complications générales dans 40% et un décès a été enregistré. CONCLUSION: Les difficultés financières des patients sont un handicap important pour le diagnostic et la prise en charge précoce.

[Retrospective study of cases of neuromeningeal cryptococcosis at the University Hospital of Bobo Dioulasso since accessibility to antiretroviral in Burkina Faso]. / Étude rétrospective des cas de cryptococcose neuroméningée au centre hospitalier universitaire de Bobo Dioulasso depuis l'accessibilité aux antirétroviraux au Burkina Faso.

AIMS OF THE STUDY: To study the prevalence of neuromeningeal cryptococcosis since the availability of antiretroviral drugs and to determine the epidemiological profiles, clinical and biological treatment of neuromeningeal cryptococcosis cases diagnosed in the service of parasitology and mycology of university hospital center of Bobo-Dioulasso from 2002 to 2010. PATIENTS, MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included all patients diagnosed with neuromeningeal cryptococcosis for which the presence of the fungi was observed on microscopic examination of cerebrospinal fluid after staining with Indian ink. Data were collected from the registers of the clinical service and from the laboratory of the university hospital center of Bobo Dioulasso. RESULTS: The prevalence of neuromeningeal cryptococcosis was 1.8% (61/5129). A decrease in the prevalence was observed from 2002 to 2010 (3.1%, to 0.2%). This decrease occurred even though the number of patients treated with antiretroviral drugs increase. Headaches were the predominant clinical signs (81.9%). The CD4 median count was 56/mm(3). All patients were successfully treated with fluconazole in relay to amphotericin B intravenous. Lethality rate is 27.8%. CONCLUSION: The overall prevalence of 1.8% of neuromeningeal cryptococcosis observed in this study was lower than that in previous studies in the same laboratory in 2001. The arrival of antiretroviral drugs could have contributed to the decline in the prevalence of neuromeningeal cryptococcosis in this study.

[A study of the unmet needs for major obstetric interventions: the experience of Burkina Faso]. / Etude des besoins obstétricaux non couverts pour les interventions obstétricales majeures: l'expérience du Burkina Faso.

The fight against maternal mortality requires strategies adapted to every socio-economic and geographic context. To define these strategies, it is essential to have relevant information and to obtain the participation of the various actors involved. One of the indicators which summarizes the maternal mortality level and which it the basis for the mobilization of resources is the maternal mortality ratio. This ratio remains difficult to measure especially in countries with limited resources. Based on the major obstetric interventions for absolute maternal indications, the unmet needs for major obstetric intervention approach is an opportunity for developing countries. We applied this approach in Burkina Faso i) to determine the number of major obstetric interventions for absolute maternal indications carried out in 1998; ii) to quantify the deficit in major obstetric interventions for absolute maternal indications carried out in 1998. In order to do this, we conducted a retrospective study based on files in four sanitary regions. Once the data was collected, we listed 610 major obstetric interventions for absolute maternal indications (IOM/IMA). For the same period, the expected number of IOM/IMA was of 1,470, i.e. a relative global deficit of 58.5%. The analysis per sanitary district revealed disparities with deficits going from 87.5% to 15.5%. The lack of qualified personnel and of surgical infrastructures, the low economic level of the populations and the high cost of the services were identified as factors having favoured these deficits.