Homophilic complex formation of CDCP1 via the extracellular CUB2 domain facilitates SFK activation and promotes cancer cell migration.

CUB domain­containing protein 1 (CDCP1) is phosphorylated by Src family kinases (SFK), and is thought to serve an important role in tumor metastasis through downstream signaling subsequent to its interaction with protein kinase C δ. The present study investigated the mechanisms of activation for CDCP1 signaling, and demonstrated that CDCP1 is able to activate SFK via a homophilic complex of the extracellular complement C1r/C1s, urchin embryonic growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein 1 (CUB) 2 domain. Deletion of the extracellular CDCP1 region abolished homophilic complex formation of CDCP1 and the ability to promote cancer cell migration. When the culture medium was supplemented with recombinant CUB2 domain protein fused with maltose binding protein (rMBP­CUB2), CDCP1 homophilic complex formation was effectively inhibited. rMBP­CUB2 also inhibited SFK activation and the migratory capacity of invasive human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, and human pancreatic BxPC3 cells. These findings demonstrated a novel function for the extracellular CUB2 domain of CDCP1, promoting cancer cell migration via SFK activation on the plasma membrane. It was also indicated that the region blocking the homophilic binding site may be a potential therapeutic target against CDCP1­dependent tumor invasion.

Detailed analysis of mitochondrial respiratory chain defects caused by loss of PINK1.

Mutations in PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) cause recessive forms of Parkinson's disease (PD). PINK1 acts upstream of parkin, regulating mitochondrial elimination (mitophagy) in cultured cells treated with mitochondrial uncouplers that cause mitochondrial depolarization. PINK1 loss-of-function decreases mitochondrial membrane potential, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction, although the exact function of PINK1 in mitochondria has not been fully elucidated. We have previously found that PINK1 deficiency causes a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, which is not due to a proton leak, but to respiratory chain defects. Here, we examine mitochondrial respiratory chain defects in PINK1-deficient cells, and find both complex I and complex III are defective. These results suggest that mitochondrial respiratory chain defects may be associated with PD pathogenesis caused by mutations in the PINK1 gene.