RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Empagliflozin is a potent, oral, selective inhibitor of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 in development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE: The goal of these studies was to investigate potential drug-drug interactions between empagliflozin and gemfibrozil (an organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 [OATP1B1]/1B3 and organic anion transporter 3 [OAT3] inhibitor), rifampicin (an OATP1B1/1B3 inhibitor), or probenecid (an OAT3 and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase inhibitor). METHODS: Two open-label, randomized, crossover studies were undertaken in healthy subjects. In the first study, 18 subjects received the following in 1 of 2 randomized treatment sequences: a single dose of empagliflozin 25 mg alone and gemfibrozil 600 mg BID for 5 days with a single dose of empagliflozin 25 mg on the third day. In the second study, 18 subjects received a single dose of empagliflozin 10 mg, a single dose of empagliflozin 10 mg coadministered with a single dose of rifampicin 600 mg, and probenecid 500 mg BID for 4 days with a single dose of empagliflozin 10 mg on the second day in 1 of 6 randomized treatment sequences. RESULTS: In the gemfibrozil study, 11 subjects were male, mean age was 35.1 years and mean body mass index (BMI) was 23.47 kg/m(2). In the rifampicin/probenecid study, 10 subjects were male, mean age was 32.7 years and mean BMI was 23.03 kg/m(2). Exposure to empagliflozin was increased by coadministration with gemfibrozil (AUC0-∞: geometric mean ratio [GMR], 158.50% [90% CI, 151.77-165.53]; Cmax: GMR, 115.00% [90% CI, 106.15-124.59]), rifampicin (AUC0-∞: GMR, 135.20% [90% CI, 129.58-141.06]; Cmax: GMR, 175.14% [90% CI, 160.14-191.56]), and probenecid (AUC0-∞: GMR, 153.47% [90% CI, 146.41-160.88]; Cmax: GMR, 125.60% [90% CI, 113.67-138.78]). All treatments were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Increases in empagliflozin exposure were <2-fold, indicating that the inhibition of the OATP1B1/1B3, OAT3 transporter, and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases did not have a clinically relevant effect on empagliflozin exposure. No dose adjustments of empagliflozin were necessary when it was coadministered with gemfibrozil, rifampicin, or probenecid. ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT01301742 and NCT01634100.
