[Ultrasound-guided retrograde emergency intubation : Life-saving management of a bleeding airway emergency with unclear anatomical situation]. / Ultraschallgestützte retrograde Notfallintubation : Lebensrettendes Management des blutenden Atemwegsnotfalls mit unklarer anatomischer Situation.

The technique of ultrasound-guided retrograde intubation is a less invasive procedure for airway management especially in an emergency situation with massive bleeding. This article describes a case of postoperative neck bleeding into the pharynx and neck leading to significant anatomical impairment combined with laryngeal obstruction that was successfully managed using this technique in a modified way. Anatomically non-palpable from a superficial approach, conventional cricotomy and awake tracheotomy were not possible and attempts of fiber optic intubation failed; therefore, ultrasound-guided tracheal puncture was used to advance a conventional central line guidewire towards and out of the mouth and to install orotracheal intubation via a Cook airway catheter cut in half which was advanced over the wire. All airway material remained in place in order to secure the airway until permanent tracheostomy was established along the wire entrance. Sufficient ventilation was possible with the Cook catheter and wire still in the tube. No hypoxic episodes occurred and the patient achieved full recovery.

Variations in the excretion patterns of helminth eggs in two sympatric mouse lemur species (Microcebus murinus and M. ravelobensis) in northwestern Madagascar.

Many factors can influence the parasite load of animal hosts, but integrative studies that simultaneously investigate several factors are still rare in many taxonomic groups. This study investigates the influence of host species, host population density, parasite transmission mode, sex, and two temporal (month, year) factors on gastrointestinal parasite prevalence and fecal egg counts of two endemic primate species from Madagascar, Microcebus ravelobensis and Microcebus murinus. A total of 646 fecal samples were available and analyzed from three dry seasons. Six different helminth egg morphotypes were found, and these were Subulura sp. (14.51 % prevalence), strongyle eggs (12.95 %), Ascaris sp. (7.94 %), Lemuricola sp. (0.17 %), and two forms of tapeworms (Hymenolepis spp.) (1.73 and 0.69 %). Coinfection with more than one egg type was observed in 21.22 % of the samples containing eggs. Multivariate analyses revealed that host species and sex did neither explain significant variation in the prevalence and fecal egg counts of parasites with direct life cycles (Ascaris sp., strongyle egg type, Lemuricola sp.) nor of arthropod-transmitted parasites (Subulura sp.). However, fecal egg counts of Subulura sp. differed significantly between study sites, and the prevalence of Subulura sp. and of parasites with direct life cycles was influenced by temporal parameters, mainly by differences between study years and partly between months. When comparing the findings with the yearly and seasonal rainfall patterns in the area, most results are in accordance with the hypothesis of an increased vulnerability of the host toward infection under some sort of environmental challenge.