Síndrome de Dandy-Walker en mujer de 85 años independiente para actividades básicas de la vida diaria / Dandy-Walker syndrome in an independent for basic activities of daily living woman of 85 years old

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[Expression of TREM-1 in patients with invasive cervical cancer and precursor lesions]. / Expresión de TREM-1 en pacientes con cáncer cervical invasor y lesiones precursoras.

BACKGROUND: It has been shown that the TREM-1 glycoprotein belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily that induces secretion of various proinflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to measure the expression of TREM-1 in patients with cervical cancer. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study we included four groups of patients: GI: women with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (IL) (n = 15 p / g); GII: patients with high-grade squamous IL (n = 9 w / g); GIII: patients with invasive cervical cancer (n = 9 p / g) and GIV: healthy patients (n = 15 p / g). In all patients the expression of TREM-1 and the Average Fluorescence Index (AFI) in neutrophils and monocytes were measured, as well as levels of leukocytes, neutrophils and monocytes. We used Student's t test for independent samples. For these variables, we applied Mann-Whitney rank-sum, ANOVA, and Tukey tests. Chi square test was used for qualitative variables. RESULTS: The percentages of TREM-1 expression in neutrophils and monocytes, plus the AFI in neutrophils in the 4 groups was not significantly different. The AFI of TREM-1 in monocytes was significantly different when comparing group II and group III versus group IV (p < 0.02). There was also no significant difference when comparing the mean values of leukocytes, neutrophils and monocytes in the different groups. CONCLUSION: This study shows increased expression of TREM-1 in monocytes from patients with advanced cancer.

Introducción: se ha demostrado que la glicoproteína TREM-1 pertenece a la superfamilia de las inmunoglobulinas que induce la secreción de varias citocinas proinflamatorias. El objetivo de este trabajo fue medir la expresión de TREM-1 en pacientes con cáncer cervical. Métodos: en este estudio transversal analítico incluimos 4 grupos de pacientes: GI: mujeres con lesión intraepitelial (LI) escamosa de bajo grado (n = 15 p/g); GII: pacientes con LI escamosa de alto grado (n = 9 p/g); GIII: pacientes con cáncer cervical invasor (n = 9 p/g), y GIV: pacientes sanas (n = 15 p/g). En todas las pacientes se midió la expresión de TREM-1 y el Índice Medio de Fluorescencia (IMF) en neutrófilos y monocitos, así como los niveles de leucocitos, neutrófilos y monocitos. Usamos t de Student para muestras independientes. Para estas mismas variables, aplicamos prueba de suma de rangos de Mann-Whitney, ANOVA y Turkey. Para las variables cualitativas se utilizó la prueba de Chi cuadrada. Resultados: los porcentaje de expresión de TREM-1 en neutrófilos y monocitos, además del IMF en neutrófilos en los 4 grupos, no fue significativamente diferente. El IMF de TREM-1 en monocitos fue significativamente diferente al comparar el grupo II y grupo III frente al grupo IV (p < 0.02). Tampoco hubo diferencia significativa al comparar los valores promedio de leucocitos, neutrófilos y monocitos en los diferentes grupos. Conclusión: este estudio documenta una mayor expresión de TREM-1 en monocitos de pacientes con cáncer avanzado.

Crawford Williamson Long: The True Pioneer of Surgical Anesthesia.

Anesthesia and analgesia are as old as mankind itself. However, we now know that the true pioneer of surgical anesthesia through inhalation of ether was Doctor Crawford Williamson Long (1815-1878), who endeavored to help his profession and mankind without pursuing any reward or honor. Crawford Williamson Long was a great and beloved American surgeon. He was a well-educated and elegant man with an outstanding personality. Crawford was born in Danielsville, Georgia, in the United States and was the son of James Long and Elizabeth Ware Long. He married Mary Caroline Swain Long and gave birth to 12 children. Long proved the effectiveness of ether after painlessly removing a tumor from the neck. In 1847, a rivalry broke out among Horace Wells, Charles Thomas Jackson, and William Thomas Green Morton for the primacy as regards the discovery of anesthesia. The US Congress offered itself to arbitrate the case of the so called "ether controversy." Finally, a few years after the end of the North American Civil War, while taking care of a patient, Crawford passed away, presumably after suffering a stroke.